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| Mardijker | |
|---|---|
| Batavian Creole Portuguese | |
| Papiá Tugu | |
 Mardijkers in 1704 and in the background, presumably the land granted to them outsideBatavia, nowKampung Tugu. The building is possibly the originalTugu Church.[1] | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | Jakarta |
| Ethnicity | Mardijker people |
Portuguese-based creole languages
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
| Glottolog | Nonemala1533 Malacca–Batavia Creole |
| Linguasphere | 51-AAC-ahd |
| IETF | idb-u-sd-idjk |
Mardijker was aPortuguese-based creole ofJakarta. It was the native tongue of theMardijker people. The language was introduced with the establishment of the Dutch settlement ofBatavia (present-day Jakarta); the Dutch brought in slaves from the colonies they had recently acquired from the Portuguese (especially Malacca), and the slaves' Portuguese creole became thelingua franca of the new city. The name is Dutch for "freeman", as the slaves were freed soon after their settlement. The language was replaced byBetawi creole Malay in Batavia by the end of the 18th century, as the Mardijker intermarried and lost their distinct identity. However, around 1670 a group of 150 were moved to what is now the village and suburb ofTugu, where they retained their language, there known asPapiá, until the 1940s.
The earliest known record of the language is documented in a wordlist published in Batavia in 1780, theNieuwe Woordenschat.[2] The last competent speaker, Oma Mimi Abrahams, died in 2012, and the language survives only in the lyrics of oldKeroncong Moresco (Keroncong Tugu) songs.[3]
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