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Maidan casualties

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Casualties of the 2014 Ukrainian revolution

Faces of deceased protestors in an exhibition at theKyiv History Museum
Bodies of protesters Yu, Paraschuk, U. Holodnyuk and R. Varenitsya inHotel Ukrayina
Memorial to protesters killed in the Maidan massacre in Kyiv

Altogether, 108 civilian protesters and 13 police officers were killed[1] in Ukraine'sRevolution of Dignity (or the 'Maidan Revolution'), which was the culmination of theEuromaidan protest movement. The deaths occurred in January and February 2014; most of them on 20 February, when police snipers fired on anti-government activists inKyiv. The slain activists are known in Ukraine as theHeavenly Hundred orHeavenly Company (Ukrainian:Небесна сотня,Nebesnasotnia). By June 2016, 55 people had been charged in relation to the deaths of protesters, including 29 former members of theBerkut special police force, tentitushky or loyalists of the former government, and ten former government officials.[1]

On 21 February, the Ukrainian parliament (Verkhovna Rada) passed a law to provide assistance to the families of the protesters who were killed.[2] On 21 November 2014 a decree by the new Ukrainian presidentPetro Poroshenko posthumously awarded the title "Hero of Ukraine" to the slain protesters.[3] Three non-Ukrainian citizens killed in the revolution were each posthumously awarded the title "Knight of the Order of the Heaven's Hundred Heroes".[4] Since 2015, the deaths have been commemorated each year in Ukraine on 20 February, which is "the Day of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes".[5][6]

History

[edit]
Protesters carrying the wounded

The first deaths occurred onUnity Day, 22 January, duringriots onHrushevskoho Street inKyiv, where three activists:Serhiy Nigoyan,Mykhailo Zhyznevskyi andRoman Senyk [uk] were shot dead by security forces. On the same day, the dead body of activistYuriy Verbytsky [uk] was found on the city outskirts; he had beenkidnapped a day before withIhor Lutsenko, who was released. These were the first victims to die in demonstrations in Ukraine since it gained national independence in 1991. The deaths causedwidespread protests. On 23 January, then Prime MinisterMykola Azarov in aBBC interview said that police had not been issued firearms, and said no police officers were located on the rooftops around the protest area. He stated that the shooting of protesters was a provocation by extremist forces aimed at escalating violence.[7]Party of Regions MP Arsen Klinchayev stated during a memorial service inLuhansk for those killed on 22 January by police, "These people were against the government. Nobody has the right to use physical force against police officers. And then they have their sticks, then stones, then something else. The police have the right to defend their lives. So I think it's right that these four people were killed. Moreover, I believe that you need to be stricter."[8]

On 18 February, protesters attempted to march from Independence Square to the parliament building, to urge politicians to vote for constitutional amendments. Clashes broke out as their path was blocked by riot police, who tried to push them back to Maidan. Eleven protesters were killed or fatally wounded. Three of them were shot dead by police; the rest died of other injuries. Four police officers were also shot and killed.[1][9]

Later that evening and into the early hours of 19 February, the security forces launched an operation to clear Independence Square. Small groups oftitushky (government loyalists) also gathered nearby. Clashes broke out between the security forces and protesters, resulting in the deaths of seventeen protesters and five police officers. Most of the protesters were shot by police. Two others died when police set the Trade Union building on fire, and another was found dead with his throat slit. A journalist,Viacheslav Veremii, was beaten and shot dead bytitushky for filming them. The five police officers died from gunshot wounds.[1][9]

On the morning of 20 February, riot police massed at the edge of the Maidan camp on Independence Square. At around 9am, two Berkut officers were shot dead. Around the same time, protesters tried to push the security forces away from the Maidan and back up Instytutska Street. The security forces fired indiscriminately on the protesters from ground level, while snipers fired on protesters from above. By midday, 48 protesters had been shot dead on Instytutska Street, as had two other police officers.[1][9] According to the newspaperUkrainska Pravda, special forces (Berkut) andInterior Troops snipers[10] shot at people on Maidan and/or snipers located in nearby buildings, with the special forces firingAK-47 assault rifles.[11] 20 February was the bloodiest day of the clashes, with at least 21 protesters killed.[12][13]

The final death toll from these clashes in late February was 103 protesters and 13 police.[14][15][16] According to DeputyProsecutor General of UkraineOleh Zalisko [uk] in February, 184 people sustained gunshot wounds in Kyiv and over 750 suffered bodily injury.[17] On 20 February, the (then) opposition parties (Batkivshchyna,UDAR andSvoboda) stated "To hold talks with the regime, the policies of which led to the deaths of many people, is an extremely unpleasant thing but we must do everything possible and even the impossible to prevent further bloodshed".[18]

On 21 February, the Maidan held a memorial for the slain protesters who they named the Heavenly Hundred.[19] During the event, a mourningLemko song "A Duckling Swims in the Tysa" was heard (Ukrainian:« Пливе́ ка́ча по Тиси́ні…»).

On 24 February, theVerkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) decided to propose thatthe next Ukrainian president award the title Hero of Ukraine to protesters killed in the clashes.[20]

Identity of 20 February snipers

[edit]
Snipers on a roof during clashes in Kyiv, 18 February 2014, Instytutska st.

In June 2016, theProsecutor General of Ukraine announced that forensic examinations had matched bullets removed from the victims' bodies with the assault rifles of theBerkut.[9][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] In the years since the revolution, the Office of the Prosecutor General has identified 27 Berkut officers involved in the 20 February shootings of protesters. However, in most cases, investigators have been unable to identify which Berkut officer shot specific protesters.

In the immediate aftermath of the revolution, the new government's health minister,Oleh Musiy—a doctor who helped oversee medical treatment for casualties during the protests—told theAssociated Press that the similarity of the bullet wounds suffered by both protesters and police suggested the shooters were trying to stoke tensions on both sides and spark greater violence, with the goal of justifying a Russian invasion. "I think it wasn't just a part of the old regime that (plotted the provocation), but it was also the work of Russian special forces who served and maintained the ideology of the (old) regime," he said, citing forensic evidence.[30]Hennadiy Moskal, former deputy head of theSecurity Service of Ukraine andMinistry of Internal Affairs, suggested that snipers from the Security Service andMilitsiya were responsible, acting on contingency plans dating back toSoviet times: "Snipers received orders to shoot not only protesters, but also police forces. This was all done to escalate the conflict, to justify the police operation to clear Maidan".[31][32] The new Interior Minister,Arsen Avakov, said in March 2014 that the shootings were provoked by a 'non-Ukrainian' third party, and that an investigation was ongoing.[33]

Russian state media reported in March 2014 a leaked telephone call in which Estonia's foreign minister,Urmas Paet, allegedly accused the opposition of shooting both police and protesters.[34] Paet acknowledged the phone call was authentic, but denied blaming the opposition and said he was merely relaying rumors he had heard from a doctor.[35] A spokesperson for the US state department said the leak was "Russiantradecraft".[36] The doctor,Olga Bogomolets, said she had not told Paet that policemen and protesters had been killed in the same way, that she did not blame the opposition for the killings, and said the government told her an investigation had begun.[37]

In April 2014, Ukraine's new interior minister, Avakov, presented the findings of the initial investigation into the shootings. It found the Berkut responsible for shooting the protesters, and identified twelve of the officers involved. It also identified some of the firing positions. Avakov said the previous regime had tried to hinder any inquiry by destroying weapons, uniforms and documents.[38] The investigation also found that more than 30 RussianFederal Security Bureau (FSB) agents were involved in the crackdown on protesters.Valentyn Nalyvaichenko, the interim head of Ukraine's Security Service, said the FSB agents had flown large quantities of explosives into an airport near Kyiv, that they were based at a compound in Kyiv throughout the Maidan protests, were provided with "state telecommunications", and were in regular contact with Yanukovych's security officials. He said that Yanukovych's SBU chiefOleksandr Yakymenko, who had fled the country, held several briefings with the agents. Russia's FSB rejected this as "groundless accusations".[39]

On 31 March 2014,The Daily Beast published photos and videos which appear to show that some of the snipers were members of the Ukrainian Security Service's"Alfa" group, who had been trained in Russia.[40]

In 2015,BBC published a story based on an interview with an unnamed man, who said he fired at riot police from theKyiv Conservatory (music academy) on the morning of 20 February. The sniper said he was recruited by "a retired military officer". These morning shots are said to have provoked return fire from police snipers that resulted in many deaths. One Maidan leader,Andriy Shevchenko, said police commanders called him to say they were being shot from areas controlled by protesters. Another Maidan leader,Andriy Parubiy, said his team searched the Conservatory but found no snipers. He confirmed that many victims on both sides were shot by snipers, but they were shooting from other, taller buildings surrounding the Conservatory and was convinced they were snipers controlled by Russia.[41] In 2016, Maidan protesterIvan Bubenchik admitted having fired on the security forces from the Conservatory on 20 February, killing two Berkut commanders. He said he acted in response to the Berkut shooting at protesters.[42][43]

Arrests and prosecutions

[edit]

On 2 April 2014, law enforcement authorities announced they had detained nine officers of the Kyiv City Berkut unit as suspects in the shootings, and verified theAlfa Group's involvement[further explanation needed]. Officials also said they planned further arrests, but had been hindered because the Yanukovych regime destroyed documents and evidence. The Ministry of Internal Affairs confirmed that Yanukovych gave the order to fire on protesters on 20 February.[44][45]

Many of the identified alleged perpetrators fled to Russia after the revolution. According to the Prosecutor General's Office, the Russian Federation granted citizenship to 18 police officers suspected of killing protesters, and has refused toextradite them to Ukraine.[9] PresidentVolodymyr Zelenskyy said in 2020 that prosecutions were difficult because "evidence and documents have been lost, while the scene of the crime has been tampered with and 'cleaned up'". He could not say when those who gave the orders would be found, but gave assurances that the matter is being "dealt with faster than several years ago".[46] Later in 2020, an investigation by theUkrainian Bureau of Investigations concluded that the assault on the Maidan protesters was ordered by Yanukovych and his subordinates.[47]

In 2023, a Ukrainian court convicted three former Berkut police officersin absentia for their part in the killings. The three were in hiding in Russia. Oleh Yanishevsky, a deputy commander of a Berkut regiment, received life imprisonment for murder, while the two others were sentenced to 15 years each for murder.[48][49][50] The court ruled that at least 40 of the 48 protesters were killed by the Berkut. In the remaining eight cases, the perpetrators could not be determined due to lack of evidence.[51] According to theKyiv Independent:

"In many cases, it was impossible to identify which Berkut officer shot specific protesters because they wore face masks or their images in photographs and video footage were of poor quality. ... the court effectively considered the officers' actions individually rather than collectively, thus dropping murder charges where it was impossible to prove which officer killed which protester".[52]

Identified deaths

[edit]
NationalityNameDetailsDate of deathCause of death/Reference
UkraineYuriy Verbytskyi [uk]Seismologist from the Geophysical Institute inLviv.[53] Member of Lviv's climber society. After his death, the society proposed to name one of the Caucasian mountains after Verbytskyi—the idea was supported by the Georgian climber society, which is currently looking for an unnamed peak.[54]21 or 22 JanuaryVerbytskyi was kidnapped from the Oleksandivsky Hospital together withIhor Lutsenko on 21 January.[55] His body was found on 22 January close to the village of Hnidyn inBoryspil Raion, with signs of torture.[56] However, the official cause of death was hypothermia.[57]
UkrainePavlo Mazurenko [uk]Participated inEuromaidan[58]21 December 2013According to his wife, as reported byUkrayinska Pravda, Pavlo Mazurenko (41 years old) was beaten up on 18 December 2013 by three law enforcement agents inBorshchahivka (Mykilska).[59] According to police, he died as a result of a fight with employees of a private security company who were guarding the Colibris store in Kyiv. Police claimed that Maruenko's wife stated he was not involved in protests.[60] UkrainianUNIAN News Agency interviewed his wife days after, and she commented her husband was beaten by "three men in black uniform and batons [...] more resembling interior ministry servicemen, or a private security company staff". She claimed that the three ran away after beating him.[61] On 21 December, he visited a doctor who sent him to a hospital where he was diagnosed with aconcussion.[59] The day he was hospitalized doctors found fractures to his skull.[59] On 22 December, Mazurenko died and his body was sent for forensic examination, after which he was diagnosed with two-waycontagious bovine pleuropneumonia (lung plaque seen inbovine animals).[59]
UkraineSerhiy NigoyanBorn in the village of Bereznuvativka inDnipropetrovsk Oblast.[62] The Nigoyan family moved fromArmenia to Ukraine as refugees of thefirst Nagorno-Karabakh War.[63] Nigoyan came to Euromaidan on 8 December and was mostly involved in security.[62]22 JanuaryHe died on 22 January during clashes on Hrushevskoho Street. He suffered multiple gunshot wounds during a Berkut attack on the barricades.[62][64][65] On 18 November 2015, according to the head of the Special Investigations Unit, Nigoyan was killed at a distance of not less than three meters, while the security team of the protesters was at a distance of about 30 meters.
BelarusMykhailo ZhyznevskyiZhyznevskyi leftBelarus for political reasons. In Ukraine, he lived inKyiv and laterBila Tserkva.[66] Was a member of the Ukrainian nationalist group, theUNSO. At Euromaidan, Zhyznevskyi was involved in security.[66]22 JanuaryHe died on 22 January duringBerkut's action on barricades on Hrushevskoho Street. He was shot in the chest by a sniper.[64][65] His funeral was attended by Euromaidan and opposition leaders; he was buried with the Ukrainian UNA-UNSO and Belarusian flags.[67]
UkraineRoman SenykSenyk was born inLviv Oblast and lived inTurka.25 JanuaryDuring aBerkut action on barricades on Hrushevskoho Street, a grenade tore his hand and left multiple wounds in his lower chest and lungs.[68] Hit with a metal bullet in the lung, he underwent several operations and had to have his arm amputated.[69] After losing more than 3.5 litres of blood, he died in hospital after multiple surgeries.[70]
UkraineBohdan Kalyniak52 years old fromKolomyia,Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast28 JanuaryHe died at a hospital inIvano-Frankivsk on 28 January. Kolomyia Mayor Igor Sluzar said the man had come down with pneumonia during the clashes on Hrushevskoho Street where police used water cannons on protesters despite sub-zero temperatures.[69]
UkraineSerhiy SynenkoAutoMaidan activist.Zaporizhzhia.13 FebruaryInZaporizhzhia, the gas tank of his car was shot at, causing it to explode and the car to engulf him in flames. Police stated the murder may have been motivated by his participation in Automaidan.[71]
UkraineSerhiy BondarevSoftware engineer fromGlobalLogic, Kyiv. Originally fromKramatorsk, Donetsk region18 February4 Gunshot wounds[72]
UkraineValeriy BrezdenyukPainter, known for "paintings on the water". FromZhmerynka,Vinnytsia Oblast.,[73][74] 50 year old.18 FebruaryKilled during clashes by a gunshot wound to the back.[75]
UkraineSerhiy DidychSvoboda member. 44 years old.18 FebruaryHe died during a traffic incident while another protester was trying to break the police line.[76]
UkraineAntonina DvoryanetsFromBrovary.Kyiv Oblast. 61 years old.[77]18 FebruaryShe was picketing on Instytutska Street. Beaten to death with clubs during clashes.[78][79]
UkraineOleksandr KapinosFromTernopil Oblast,Svoboda member, 29 years old.18 FebruaryHe was killed during clashes.[75] According to his friend, Oleksandr was hit by a grenade, then shot in the head with a rubber bullet at close range. Died in hospital.
Georgia (country)Zurab KhurtsiaGeorgian, 53 years old.18 FebruaryDied from a heart attack on Maidan.[78][80]
UkraineVolodymyr KishchukFromZaporizhzhia Oblast. 58 years old.18 FebruaryShot during clashes with riot police andBerkut on Hrushevskoho street.[81][82]
UkraineAndriy KorchakBoryslav.Lviv Oblast 50 years old.18 FebruaryBeaten by "Berkut" and died from a head injury in the hospital.[75][83]
UkraineVolodymyr KulchytskyiFromKyiv. 65 years old.18 FebruaryKilled by two bullets during clashes.[75]
UkraineVolodymyr NaumovMember of Euromaidan self-defense units, fromDonetsk Oblast.18 FebruaryBody found onTrukhaniv Island near the Dnieper River. Police accused Naumov of suicide.[78][84]
UkraineOleksandr Plekhanov22 year-old college student fromKyiv.18 FebruaryKilled during clashes.[85]
UkraineIhor SerdyukFromKremenchuk. 40 years old.18 FebruaryExecuted by "titushkas" thugs and "Berkut" next toMariinskyi Park, while building a barricade.[72]
UkraineSerhiy ShapovalFromKyiv. 45 years old.18 FebruaryShot during clashes with the riot police andBerkut on Hrushevskoho street.[81][82]
UkraineVyacheslav VeremiyJournalist for Vesti newspaper; lost 1 eye during the Hrushevskoho Street riots weeks prior; survived by a 4-year-old son.[86]18 FebruaryPulled out of a taxi on his way home from work and then shot in the chest by government-paid thugs[87][88] in a targeted killing. Driver was severely beaten with lacerations to his legs.[89]
UkraineYakiv ZaikoFormerPeople's Deputy of Ukraine,Zhytomyr. 73 years old.18 FebruaryDied from heart attack while fleeing "Berkut" special unit.[90]
UkraineAndriy ChernenkoSlobodo-Petrivka,Poltava Oblast, 35 years old. Survived by 7-month-old daughter.19 February[72]
UkraineYuriy PaskhalinFromCherkasy Oblast. 30 years old.19 February3 Gunshot wounds in the back and 1 pneumatic injury[72]
UkraineDmytro MaksymovFromKyiv, 19 years old.18 FebruaryInjured by a grenade explosion, lost an arm, died of blood loss.[72]
UkraineVitaliy VasyltsovfromBila Tserkva. 1977 (age 47–48)19 FebruaryShot on Velyka Zhytomyrska Street.[91]
UkraineSerhiy BaidovskyfromLutsk, originally fromNovovolynsk. 22 years old.20 FebruaryKilled on Independence Square[91]
UkraineSerhiy BondarchukfromStarokostiantyniv. 1961 (age 63–64) Teacher of Physics.[92]20 FebruaryKilled by sniper[91][92]
UkraineMykola DziavulskyBorn inKrasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. Lived inShepetivka,Khmelnytskyi Oblast. 1958 (age 66–67) Teacher of geography and biology20 FebruaryKilled by sniper on Instytutska Street.[92]
UkraineUstym HolodnyukfromZbarazh,Ternopil Oblast, born in 1994 (19 years old)20 FebruaryShot in the head by sniper[92]
UkraineEduard HrynevychVolyn Oblast, born in 1985 (28 years old)20 FebruaryShot in the head by a sniper. Brought toSt. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery[72]
UkraineSerhiy KemskyFromKerch,Crimea. 34 years old.20 FebruaryBrought toSt. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery[72]
UkraineIhor KostenkoJournalist from the newspaperSportanalytic, geography student and contributor toUkrainian Wikipedia[93] fromBuchach,Ternopil Oblast. 22 years old20 FebruaryBrought toSt. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery[94]
UkraineIvan Kreman (Panteleyev)FromKremenchuk,Poltava Oblast20 FebruaryKilled by sniper[92][95]
UkraineAndrii MovchanfromKyiv. 34 years old. Democratic Alliance activist20 FebruaryKilled by sniper. According to a friend, Andrii was bringing food to Maidan when he was killed.[96]
UkraineRoman NikulichevKyiv, 21 years old20 February[72]
UkraineDmytro PahorKhmelnytskyi, 21 y/o20 FebruaryShot in the head next to the SBU office in Khmelnytskyi[97]
UkraineYuriy ParashchukLived inKharkiv, born inTalne,Cherkasy Oblast. Born in 1966 (47 y/o)20 FebruaryShot in the head and killed by sniper on Instytutska Street.[72]
UkraineAnatoliy KorneyevFrom Havrylivtsi,Khmelnytskyi Oblast20 FebruaryKilled by sniper.[72]
UkraineAndriy SayenkoFromFastiv. 42 years old20 February7thSotnia of Maidan Self-Defense. Killed by a sniper[98]
UkraineYosyp Shylinh (1953-02-14)14 February 1953 (age 72) FromDrohobych, Lviv Oblast20 FebruaryShot in the head by a sniper next toOctober Palace[72]
UkraineViktor ChmilenkoBorysivka [uk],Bobrynets Raion,Kirovohrad Oblast 1961 (age 63–64)20 FebruaryKilled by sniper[92]
UkraineVitaliy SmolinskyFurmanivka village. FromCherkasy Oblast.20 FebruaryBrought toSt. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery[72]
UkraineBohdan SolchanykFromStaryi Sambir,Lviv Oblast, Professor ofUkrainian Catholic University20 FebruaryBrought toSt. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery[72]
UkraineIgor TkachukZnamensk, Kaliningrad Oblast (Russia) 1975 (age 49–50). Father of three children with the youngest only a year old.20 FebruaryKilled by sniper.[92]
UkraineBohdan IlkivShchyrets,Lviv Oblast, 51 years old22 FebruaryShot twice in the stomach on Maidan. Died in the hospital.[99]
UkraineRoman TochynKhodoriv, Lviv Oblast 1970 (age 54–55), Svoboda party member20 FebruaryShot in the head by a sniper.[92]
UkraineOleksandr TsariokKalinin,Vasylkiv Raion,Kyiv Oblast20 FebruaryKilled by sniper[92]
UkraineOleh UshnevychDrohobych 1982 (age 42–43)20 FebruaryKilled by sniper[92]
UkraineRoman VarenytsiafromYavoriv Raion, Lviv Oblast. (1978-12-14)14 December 1978 (age 46)20 FebruaryKilled by sniper[91][92]
UkraineNazar Voytovych17-year-old from Travneve village,Ternopil Oblast20 FebruaryBrought toSt. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery[72]
UkraineAnatoliy ZhalovahaLviv, born in 198020 FebruaryBrought toSt. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery[72]
UkraineAnatoliy ZherebnyhRudky,Lviv Oblast20 FebruaryBrought toSt. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery[72]
UkraineBohdan VaidaLetnya village,Lviv Oblast, 48 years old20 FebruaryShot in the chest by a sniper[72]
UkraineVolodymyr ChaplinskyObukhiv, born in 1979 (34 y/o)20 FebruaryShot in the neck by a sniper[72]
UkraineIhor DmytrivKopanky village,Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, 30 years old20 FebruaryShot in the chest by a sniper[72]
UkraineAndriy DyhdalovychSokilnyky,Pustomyty Raion,Lviv Oblast, born in 197320 FebruaryShot by a sniper while covering a friend.[72]
UkraineRoman HurikIvano-Frankivsk, born in 199419 FebruaryShot in the head by a sniper[72]
UkraineVitaliy KotsyubaLviv, 32 years old20 February[72]
UkraineOleksandr KhrapachenkoTheatre director fromRivne, originally fromZdolbuniv, born in 1987 (26 years old)20 FebruaryShot in the head and killed by sniper.[72]
UkraineVasyl MoyseyBorn 23 March 1992 (21 years old) inZubrets,Buchach Raion,Ternopil Oblast. He was living inKivertsi,Volyn Oblast while a 4th year student at Lutsk University Institute of Human Development.20 FebruaryShot in the chest by a sniper on the morning of 20 February. He had arrived with the Volyn Self-Defense unit on the Maidan in Kyiv 18 February. He died at the 17th hospital from the gunshot wound, despite having worn a bulletproof vest.[100][72][101]
UkraineValeriy OpanasyukRivne, born in 1971. Had 4 children.20 FebruaryShot by a sniper[72]
UkraineVolodymyr PavliukKolomyia,Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, about 40 years old20 FebruaryShot 4 times, once in the head. Died in the hospital[72]
UkraineLeonid PolyanskyAbout 35 years old20 FebruaryBody found in morgue on Oranzhereina Street[72]
UkraineOleksandr ShcherbaniukFromChernivtsi, Batkivshchina party member. Afghanistan war veteran.20 FebruaryShot in the heart by a sniper[72]
UkraineMaksym ShymkoFromVinnytsia, 33 years old20 FebruaryShot by a sniper[72]
UkraineIvan TarasiukOlyka village,Volyn Oblast, born in 1993, 21 years old20 FebruaryKilled by a sniper.[72]
UkraineIvan BliokHorodok, Lviv Oblast, born in 1973 (40 y/o)20 FebruaryShot in the heart by a sniper[72]
UkraineMykola PankivLapayivka,Lviv Oblast, 39 years old20 FebruaryShot in the chest[72]
UkraineVasyly ProhorskiyKyiv, 33 years old18 FebruaryWent to Maidan on 18 Feb, was missing, found dead and tortured.[72]
UkraineViktor ShvetsHatne village,Kyiv Oblast, born in 195719 FebruaryShot in the stomach 3 times[72]
UkraineVolodymyr ZherebniyBorn in Vyshnia village (moved to Rudky),Lviv Oblast, born in 1985 (28 years old)20 FebruaryShot in the neck by a sniper[102]
UkraineLiudmyla SheremetKhmelnytskyi, 73 years old22 FebruaryShot in the head by an SBU officer on 19 February during the storming ofSBU office inKhmelnytskyi. Died in the hospital three days later.[103][104]
UkraineYevhen KotliarKharkiv, born in 1980 (33 y/o)20 FebruaryShot on Instytutska Street.[105]
UkraineIvan HorodniukBerezne,Rivne Oblast, 29 years old19 FebruaryOn 18 February, was beaten by "Berkut" and soaked from a water cannon. Returned home 19 February and died from a heart attack same night.[72]
UkraineAndriy TsepunKyiv, 35 years old21 FebruaryActivist, found beaten to death.[106]
UkraineMaksym Mashkov21 FebruaryDied in the hospital[106]
UkraineMaksym HoroshishinHrushivka village,Cherkasy Oblast, 25 years old18 FebruaryDied from gas grenade poisoning during the clashes on Instytutska Street.[107]
UkraineGeorgiy ArutiunyanGeorgian Citizen of Armenian descent, lived inRivne, born in 1960.20 FebruaryShot by a sniper. Brought toSt. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery[72]
UkraineVolodymyr MelnychukLived inKyiv, 40 years old20 FebruaryWas helping activists. Shot in the neck by a sniper while standing next to his wife.[108]
Georgia (country)David KipianiGeorgia21 FebruaryFound wounded, likely shot by a sniper, next to the barricades on Khmelnytskoho Street, died in the emergency vehicle.[109]
UkraineVictor ChernetsPodibna,Cherkasy Oblast, born in 197719 FebruaryDied from injury caused by the collision with an unidentified SUV while guarding an improvised checkpoint built to block special units and thugs on Kyiv-Odesa highway. The SUV was storming the checkpoint to open the way for the Interior troops.[110]
UkraineOleksandr ScherbatyukFromChernivtsi; 46 years old; Jewish; Afghan war veteran20 FebruaryKilled by snipers.[111]
UkraineVolodymyr TopiyVyshnia village,Lviv Oblast, 57 years old18 FebruaryDied during the fire at the Trade Unions Building[112]
UkraineVolodymyr ZubokChernihiv Oblast, born in 198520 January[112]
UkraineViktor KhomyakActivist27 JanuaryBody found hung on the Christmas Tree on the Maidan. Details are unknown.[112]
UkraineViktor Prokhorchukborn in 1975 (38 years old)18 FebruaryMember of the self-defense. Found with his throat slit in the backyard of aKhreshchatyk house a week after disappearance on 18 February.[112]
UkraineAndriy Zhanovachiyborn in 196420? February[112]
UkraineVolodymyr Boykivborn in 195519 February[112]
UkraineOleksiy BratushkoFromSumy, born in 197120 FebruaryShot by a sniper on Instytutska Street.[112]
UkraineIhor Batchinsky30 years old25 February[112]
UkraineMykola Tarshchukborn in 197520 FebruaryShot in the neck by a sniper[112]
UkraineMykola SemisiukFromKhmelnytskyi, born in 198620 FebruaryShot in the head by a sniper[112]
UkraineIhor PehenkoVyshhorod,Kyiv Oblast, born in 1970, 43 years old20 FebruaryShot in the neck by a sniper[113]
UkraineVladyslav Zubenko"Svoboda" Party activist fromKharkiv, born in 1991, 22 years old28 FebruaryShot by a sniper 20 February, died from the wounds in the hospital.[114]
UkraineArtem Mazur26 years old3 MarchSustained heavy head trauma, died from the wounds in the hospital.[115]
UkraineTaras SlobodianFromTernopil Oblast, 31 years old5 MarchBody was found in the woods of Sumskyi Forest[116] in October 2013? (query date - precedes date of death)[117]
UkraineMykhailo KostyshynNyzhnii Strutyn,Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast26 FebruaryWas on Maidan from the first days. Beaten to death in January, lasted in the hospital for almost a month but did not recover.[118]
UkraineArtur KhuntsaarFromIvano-Frankivsk, born in 1984 (29 years old)18 FebruaryKilled by a sniper.
UkraineYuriy NechiporukFromKhmilnyk,Vinnytsia Oblast, 30 years old18 FebruaryActivist, kidnapped and killed by thugs. Sustained 20 knife wounds.[119]
UkraineAnatoliy KurachFromRivne21 FebruaryDied because of a head trauma received on Maidan[120]
UkraineOleksandr BaderaFromVolodymyr, born in 1948 (66 years old)28 JanuaryDied because of trauma received 22 January on Hrushevskoho Street.
UkraineOleksandr BaliukFrom Lypovy village,Zhytomyr Oblast, born in 1974 (39 years old)20 FebruaryReceived a firearm wound to the chest. Was trying to rescue another person.[121]
UkraineReshat AmetovFromCrimea, born in 1975. Father of 3 children.3 March?Participated in the protests. Disappeared 3 March, found on 15 March, tortured to death.[122]
UkraineVyacheslav VoronaBorn inPrypiat, lived in Kyiv9 MarchReceived a head injury during the clashes, was brought to the intensive care, never recovered from coma.
UkraineVasyl AkseninFrom Letyache,Ternopil Oblast, born in 1961.12 MarchSeriously wounded on 20 February in Kyiv. At the end of February he was sent for treatment to Poland, but did not survive.
UkraineOlha BuraFrom Rypne,Lviv Oblast, born in 1986.10 MarchParticipated in the protests since the end of November. Died at a hospital from injuries received during the clashes.
UkraineVasyl SheremetFromLanchyn,Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, born in 1949 (64 y/o).7 MarchDied from wounds sustained during the clashes with "Berkut"
UkraineIvan NakonechnyFrom Kyiv, born in 1931 (82 years old).7 MarchNavy officer. Was on the Euromaidan since 30 November. Died from wounds sustained during the clashes on Instytutska Street on 19 February.
UkrainePetro HadzhaLived in Kyiv, born inRakhiv,Zakarpattia Oblast, born in 1966 (47 years old).22 MarchWas on the Euromaidan since its first days. Member of the 8th Sotnia. Died in the hospital due to gas poisoning which he had sustained during the clashes on Hrushevskoho Street.
UkraineDmytro ChernyavskiyBorn inDonetsk Oblast. Studied at Lviv National University, born in 1992 (22 years old).13 MarchOn 13 March, participated in the meeting for the unity of Ukraine inDonetsk. Was stabbed to death in clashes with pro-Russian activists.
UkraineRoman OlikhBorn in the village of Hybalivka,Vinnytsia Oblast.15 FebruaryCame to Maidan in January. On 6 February he was injured and taken to a hospital in Kyiv. Fell into coma and never recovered.

Unnamed dead activists

[edit]

Unidentified activists were reported killed.

  • During the Hrushevskoho Street riots, a 22‑year-old man died falling from the colonnade near theLobanovsky Dynamo Stadium during a beating by police; the cause of death was multiple injuries, particularly spinal fracture.[123]
  • Two unnamed shooting victims were announced on the evening of 22 February.[124] Their bodies disappeared from the street after the action of Berkut in the early morning 22 January.[125] Roman Senyk was later identified as shot and killed on this date.
  • On 26 January, the body of a man was found in Obolon district, with his hands bound.[126]
  • On 29 January, two male activists were shot on Hrushevskoho Street and brought to a Kyiv hospital. One died from gunshot wounds the following day.[127] AUDAR MP accused police of shooting the two as a provocation.[128]
  • On 15 February, the body of a missing activist was found outside of Kyiv.[129][130]
  • On 18–19 February, 16 protesters were killed in clashes,[131] of whom 7 have been named.
  • On 19 February at 9 pm a young man was killed in Khmelnytsky outside the SBU building.[132] 5Kanal reported both a 23‑year-old and a 16‑year-old were shot and killed.[133]
  • On 20 February, at least 34 protesters were shot dead as of 1 pm, with reporters verifying the bodies (15 at Kozatsky Hotel, 12 at Ukraine Hotel, 7 at the central post office).[134][135]Kyiv Post journalists reported an additional eight bodies on Khreshchatyk Street early afternoon, separate from the previous count.[134]Olha Bohomolets, one of the attending physicians to 12 fatal gunshot victims at Ukraine Hotel, said that the victims were shot with precision rifles and powerful ammunition that broke their bones.[134]

Other deaths

[edit]

On 18 February militants from theSocial-National Assembly and thePatriots of Ukraine seized and burned down the central office of the rulingParty of Regions.[136] A 57-year-old IT engineer Vladimir Konstantinovich Zakharov died in the fire. According toParty of Regions' statement, Zakharov proposed to the attackers to provide an exit route for the women office workers and was mortally struck in the head with a bat.[137] According to the Ukrainian news siteCensor.net, Zakharov died ofcarbon monoxide poisoning while taking money from the office safe.[138] On 10 April 2020 Ukraine'sState Bureau of Investigations handed a murder suspicion notice to aformerPeople's Deputy of UkraineTetiana Chornovol.Chornovol is accused of "controlling actions of a group of people and directly participating in the arson" of theParty of Regions office building.[139]

Police officers' deaths

[edit]

As of 2 March, The Ministry of Internal Affairs reported 18 officer fatalities related to the conflict.[140] Two deaths that occurred during the crisis were considered by The Interior Ministry's as having no relation to Euromaidan or civil unrest.[141] In addition, according to the Minister of Internal Affairs, another police officer, 30-year-old captain of theInternal Troops of Ukraine Dmytro Donets, died from a heart attack.[142] On 18 February, six officers were killed in action against protest camps in Kyiv.[143]

RankNameDetailsDate of deathReference
LieutenantDmytro VlasenkoBorn 1982,Internal Troops (Crimea)18 February[144]
LieutenantVitaliy HoncharovBorn 1989, Internal Troops (Crimea)18 February[144]
LieutenantVolodymyr YevtushokBorn 1971, Patrol Service (Kyiv)18 February[144][145]
Senior lieutenantAndriy FediukinBorn 1972, Berkut (Crimea)18 February[144]
Oleksiy IvanenkoBorn 1977, Internal Troops (Kharkiv)18 February[144]
LieutenantPetro SavitskyBorn 1972, Patrol Service (Kyiv)18 February[144]
SergeantVasil' BulitkoBorn 1986, Berkut (Kyiv)18 February[144]
SergeantSerhiy TsvihunBorn 1990, Berkut (Zaporizhia)18 February[144]
Ivan TepliukBorn 1993, Internal Troops (Kyiv)18 February[144]
Maxim TretiakBorn 1993, Internal Troops (Kyiv)18 February[144]
Serhiy SpichakBerdyansk, Zaporizhia region19 February[146]
Volodymyr Zubok[146]
Vitaliy Zakharchenko[146]
Roman Kizik[146]
Nazariy Myrka[146]
Serhiy Mikhaylovych[146]
Mykola Simisiuk[146]

Legacy

[edit]
Order of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes

Ukrainian sources refer to the activists who died during Euromaidan as "The Heavenly Hundred".[147] In April 2014, theKyiv City State Administration andCulture Ministry of Ukraine stated that they expected to open a memorial complex "to the heroes of Heavenly Hundred" in February 2015, on the occasion of the anniversary of the death activists.[148]

On 1 July 2014, theVerkhovna Rada (the parliament of Ukraine) established theMedal "Order of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes".[149][150]

On 25 August 2014, PresidentPetro Poroshenko claimed he had called the2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election in order to purify parliament of MPs who had supported "the[January] Dictatorship laws that took the lives of the Heavenly hundred".[151][152]

Kyiv City Council renamed a part of Instytutska Street into Heavenly Hundred Heroes Avenue on 20 November 2014.[153]

President Poroshenko decreed on 11 February 2015 that 20 February will annually be commemorated as "Day of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes". His decree established [an action plan to accomplish] a museum in Kyiv dedicated toEuromaidan.[5][6] On 20 February, it is compulsory forUkrainian TV channels to display a flaming candle or a similar stylized image, and, at 12:00, a minute of silence must be observed.[154]

  • Memorial in Kyiv for those killed, 24 February 2014
    Memorial in Kyiv for those killed, 24 February 2014
  • Memorial in Kyiv, May 2014
    Memorial in Kyiv, May 2014
  • Moment of silence in memory of killed Euromaidan participants
    Moment of silence in memory of killed Euromaidan participants

Monuments

[edit]
  • On 23 February inPoltava, a statue of Lenin taken down two days previously had its pedestal converted into a "monument to the Maidan Heroes".[155]
  • On 13 April 2014 inBuda,Chyhyryn Raion (the historicalCold Ravine), a monument to "the Heavenly Hundred" was installed.[156]
  • On 6 May 2014 inDubno, a commemorative landmark to "the Heavenly Hundred" was unveiled.[157]
  • On 21 September 2015 outside ofChicago inBloomingdale, Illinois, a monument commemorating the people perished during theEuromaidan was erected.[158]
  • "Heavenly Hundred" monument in Ternopil
    "Heavenly Hundred" monument inTernopil
  • "Heavenly Hundred" monument in Mykolaiv
    "Heavenly Hundred" monument inMykolaiv
  • Nebesna sotnia memorial in Lviv
    Nebesna sotnia memorial inLviv

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  147. ^The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine established the order of the Characters hundreds of Heaven,news.rin.ru (1 July 2014)
  148. ^Memorial to heroes of Heavenly Hundred might be opened by anniversary of tragic events on Maidan,Kyiv Post (24 April 2014)
  149. ^The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law "On amendments to article 7 of the Law of Ukraine "On National Awards of Ukraine" (re establishing the order of the Heavenly Hundred Heroes),Verkhovna Rada (1 July 2014)
  150. ^(in Ukrainian)The Council established the Order of Heroes Hundreds of Heaven,Ukrayinska Pravda (1 July 2014)
  151. ^Ukrainian President dissolves Parliament, announces early elections,United Press International (25 August 2014)
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  153. ^Kyiv Council renames part of Instytutska Street into Heavenly Hundred Heroes Avenue,Interfax-Ukraine (20 November 2014)
  154. ^"The National Council will scrutinize five TV channels".m.glavcom.ua (in Ukrainian). 14 March 2019.
  155. ^"Замість поваленого Леніна в Полтаві буде місце пошани Героїв Майдану" [Instead of the fallen Lenin in Poltava there will be a place for honoring the Heroes of Maidan].ТСН.ua. 23 February 2014.Archived from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved16 September 2023.
  156. ^"У Холодному Яру встановили перший в Україні пам'ятник Небесній Сотні" [First monument in Ukraine dedicated to "the Heavenly Hundred" installed in Cold Ravine].prostir.museum (in Ukrainian). 7 April 2014. Archived fromthe original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved16 September 2023.
  157. ^"Дубенська міська рада" [Memorial to the Heavenly Hundred].Дубенська міська рада. 22 September 2015.Archived from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved16 September 2023.
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