Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx2 is aprotein that in humans is encoded by theMX2 gene .[ 3] [ 4] [ 5]
The protein encoded by this gene has a nuclear and a cytoplasmic form and is a member of both thedynamin family and the family of largeGTPases . The nuclear form is localized in a granular pattern in theheterochromatin region beneath thenuclear envelope . Anuclear localization signal (NLS) is present at theamino terminal end of the nuclear form but is lacking in the cytoplasmic form due to use of an alternate translation start codon.
This protein is upregulated byinterferon-alpha but does not contain the antiviral activity of a similar myxovirus resistance protein 1.[ 5]
MX2/MXB has antiviral activity againstHIV-1 .[ 6] [ 7] [ 8] [ 9] [ 10] [ 11] [ 12] herpesviruses , which acts at a very early stage of the replication cycle and MX2/MXB restriction of herpesvirus requires GTPase activity.[ 13] [ 14] [ 15] [ 16]
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(September 2017)."CryoEM structure of MxB reveals a novel oligomerization interface critical for HIV restriction" .Science Advances .3 (9): e1701264.Bibcode :2017SciA....3E1264A .doi :10.1126/sciadv.1701264 .PMC 5600524 PMID 28929138 . ^ Merindol N, Berthoux L (2015). "Restriction Factors in HIV-1 Disease Progression".Current HIV Research .13 (6):448– 61.doi :10.2174/1570162x13666150608104412 .PMID 26051387 . ^ Haller O, Staeheli P, Schwemmle M, Kochs G (March 2015). "Mx GTPases: dynamin-like antiviral machines of innate immunity".Trends in Microbiology .23 (3):154– 63.doi :10.1016/j.tim.2014.12.003 .PMID 25572883 . ^ Chintala K, Mohareer K, Banerjee S (2021)."Dodging the Host Interferon-Stimulated Gene Mediated Innate Immunity by HIV-1: A Brief Update on Intrinsic Mechanisms and Counter-Mechanisms" .Frontiers in Immunology .12 : 716927.doi :10.3389/fimmu.2021.716927 PMC 8358655 PMID 34394123 . ^ Crameri M, Bauer M, Caduff N, Walker R, Steiner F, Franzoso FD, et al. 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