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Lynne Rae Naylor is a Canadian animator, artist, designer, director, and producer for television. She is best known for co-creatingDreamWorks'The Mighty Ones, co-founding the animation studioSpümcø withJohn Kricfalusi,Bob Camp, andJim Smith, and co-developingThe Ren & Stimpy Show forNickelodeon. She also worked onBatman: The Animated Series,The Powerpuff Girls,Samurai Jack,Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!,Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi,My Life as a Teenage Robot, andWander Over Yonder.^[3]

Naylor attended Sheridan College.^[4] During her time at Sheridan College in the 1970s, she started datingJohn Kricfalusi and when Kricfalusi was expelled, she followed him to Hollywood, getting hired atFilmation.^[5] Kricfalusi was a rebellious student who openly questioned the ability and competence of his professors, saying that none of the academics knew anything about animation, a stance that made him popular with his fellow students, all the more so as it was true, but led directly to his expulsion.^[5] In 1981, she worked on Kricfalusi's first short film,Ted Bakes One.^[6] In 1985, she went with Kricfalusi to Taiwan to supervise the revived version by the Hanna-Barbera studio ofThe Jetsons which was being drawn in Taiwan by theCuckoo's Nest to save money.^[7] It was a standard practice in American animation to subcontract out the laborious and time-consuming task of drawing a cartoon frame by frame to Asian animation studios, whose cartoonists were paid lower wages than American cartoonists as a cost-saving measure. However, the Hanna-Barbera studio had doubts about the competence of the poorly paid Taiwanese animators and sent out Western animators such as Kricfalusi and Naylor to supervise their work.^[7]

After Kricfalusi was fired in Taiwan for his practice of redrawing already finished cartoons, she followed him back to Hollywood.^[8] In 1986,Ralph Bakshi was hired to direct a music video for the Rolling Stones song "Harlem Shuffle".^[5] Bakshi in turn assigned Kricfalusi to direct the animated portions of the video for "Harlem Shuffle", and he in turn assigned Naylor to do the design and much of the drawings for the video.^[5] Naylor drew the buxom Afro-American girl featured in the video.^[5] The cartoon for "Harlem Shuffle" featured a black girl in Harlem being avidly pursued by two tomcats, both of which display stereotypical behavior commonly associated with sexually aggressive black men.^[5] The success of the "Harlem Shuffle" video led to Bakshi becoming interested in doing animated films again, and he decided to direct an animated sex comedy set in the 1960s titledBobby's Girl.^[6] Both Kricfalusi and Naylor were heavily involved in the drawings forBobby's Girl, but the film was aborted in early 1987 when the Tri-Star studio decided not to cut its funding for the film.^[9] In 1987, Bakshi won the contract to drawMighty Mouse: The New Adventures for the CBS network, and made Kricfalusi one of his directors.^[10] Naylor was assigned by him to work as one of his cartoonists.^[11]

She co-foundedSpümcø along with her then-boyfriendJohn Kricfalusi,Jim Smith andBob Camp in 1989.^{[4][12][13][14][15]} She was involved in the development ofRen & Stimpy.^[4][12][15] Kricfaulsi based the character of Ren on himself and Stimpy on Naylor.^[16] About Kricfalusi's admission in the documentaryHappy Happy Joy Joy: The Ren and Stimpy Story that he based Stimpy on Naylor, the American critic Gary Kramer wrote: "Stimpy seems to love Ren no matter how much he is slapped around and abused. Their codependent relationship is obviously steeped in painful truth."^[17] In 1989, the Spümcø studio was commissioned by the producerVanessa Coffey to do a pilot episode for what was then knownRen Höek & Stimpy.^[18] Coffey stated if the pilot did well, she would commission a TV series.^[19] Starting in December 1989, Naylor was heavily involved in drawing the pilotBig House Blues.^[20] In theBig House Blues, Kricfalusi drew the "wild" scenes, Camp drew the comedic scenes, Smith drew the "manly" scenes and Naylor drew the "cute" scenes.^[21] The success ofBig House Blues, which was shown as a short film at various film festivals in 1990, led to a TV series being commissioned in September 1990.^[22] Naylor played a key role in streamlining and simplifying the design of Ren and Stimpy from how the characters were shown in theBig House Blues to how they were portrayed in the TV show as the original design took too much time to draw in frame by frame.^[23] Kricfalusi has expressed criticism of the simplified design of the characters that Naylor established as a degradation of quality.^[19]

Naylor was famed at the Spümcø studio for her drawings of "sexy girls" as her fellow Spümcø cartoonist and future husbandChris Reccardi praised her ability to "exude pure sensuality and innocence at the same time" in her drawings of female characters.^[19]Ren & Stimpy was criticized for violence with adult,^[24] bathroom,^[24] dark and sexual humor that TV scarcely uses; it received critical acclaim^[14] and inspired more innovative satirical cartoons such asBeavis and Butt-Head,^[25][26]Rocko's Modern Life,South Park,Family Guy, andSpongeBob SquarePants.^[27]

During the production of the episodeStimpy's Big Day, Naylor's relationship with Kricfalusi experienced serious strains as she accused him of not doing enough to meet the deadline for the premiere set for 11 August 1991.^[28] David Koenigsberg of the Spümcø studio recalled: "She was building up with all this tension because she felt the deadlines much more oppressively than John did."^[28] Koenigsberg recalled that the other animators would laugh and joke while working, but Naylor "was like the uptight librarian reminding everyone 'we have to go back to work now'. She was serious, it was not a joke. I remember talking to her one day about how we should laugh at this, and she really couldn't".^[28] In March 1991, Naylor broke up with Kricfalusi and leftThe Ren & Stimpy Show.^[29] Naylor had completed the layout drawings forStimpy's Big Day at the time she left the show.^[28] Kricfalusi spread rumors that Naylor "was just the girlfriend" who had done nothing forThe Ren & Stimpy Show in an attempt to deprive her of employment in the animation industry.^[28] On 18 May 1993, Kricfaulsi's lawyer sent a letter to the Nickelodeon network threatening to sue ifChris Reccardi was credited as the co-director forThe Royal Canadian Kilted Yaksmen.^[30]Jim Ballantine stated that the letter was due to jealousy as Reccardi was dating Naylor.^[30] Ballantine stated: "Since Chris was in a serious relationship with Lynne Naylor, anything having to do with Chris made John extra nuts."^[31]

She also produced and directed the filmHercules and Xena – The Animated Movie: The Battle for Mount Olympus. Her biggest roles in character designs were forThe Powerpuff Girls,Samurai Jack,Star Wars: Clone Wars,Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends,Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi, and more.Naylor and Sunil Hall created the DreamWorks seriesThe Mighty Ones forHulu andPeacock^[32] in 2020.^[33]

She co-created the failed Nickelodeon pilotThe Modifyers with her late husbandChris Reccardi in 2007.^[2]

• Komorowski, Thad (2017).Sick Little Monkeys: The Unauthorized Ren & Stimpy Story. BearManor Media.

• Lynne Naylor atIMDb

• Artists from Vancouver
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• Sheridan College alumni
• Spümcø
• Women animated film directors
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