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Lumë (Albaniandefinite form:Luma) is a region that extends itself in northeasternAlbania and southwestKosovo whose territory is synonymous with the historicAlbanian tribe (fis) of the same name.[1] It includes the village with the same name,Lumë, which is located in Albania. Luma is surrounded byHas region (north and northwest), Fan and Orosh (west), Reçi and M’Ujë e m’Uja (south west),Upper Reka (south east),Gora (east),Opoja andVërrini ofPrizren (north east).[2] The region itself also includes the small Arrëni tribe in the west and theMorina tribe in the east.
Only a small portion of the region, half of historicTërthorë bajrak (tribal banner), is situated within the borders ofKosovo, fromPrizren city to the border between Kosovo and Albania.
During theBalkan wars (1912-1913), Serb military forces attempting to assert their control of the region entered Luma and attacked local inhabitants, killed tribal chieftains, removed livestock belonging to the population and razed villages.[3] The actions resulted in a local uprising by Albanians.[3] Serb forces retaliated through ascorched earth policy and massacres of the population ranging from the young to elderly, both men and women such as barricading people in mosques and houses and then firing upon or burning them.[3] Following the events, 25,000 people fled to Kosovo and western Macedonia.[3] The events have been considered as constituting a "localized genocide".[3]
Related to Albanianlyej ‘to lubricate’ andlumë ‘river,’ i. e. a river which lubricates or moistens. Toponym with a formation in -um(ë), cf.Krumë, Lum, Lum-th,Osum.[4]
The region is documented first in the 16th century (1571 -1591), as anahiye of theSanjak of İpek, whereas in the 17th century it is mentioned byFrang Bardhi as the most eastern frontier of theRoman Catholic Diocese of Sapë.[2]
It is thought that before the 18th century thetimar system was replaced by the self-governing system of bajrak.[5] Luma has had 7bajraks:[2]
The last organization of these bajraks was done in 1912 in the battle ofQafa e Kolesjanit, against theSerbian army.[2]
Leo Freundlich, an Austrian correspondent who was in Luma at the time, reported that GeneralBozidar Jankovic, ordered his army to commit massacres of the Albanians of Luma resulting in entire villages being burned down with the inhabitants being burned or slaughtered alive. All in all, twenty-seven villages on Luma territory were burnt to the ground and their inhabitants slain, even the children. It was here that one of the most appalling atrocities of the Serbian war of annihilation was committed against the Albanians. Women and children were tied to bundles of hay and set on fire before the eyes of their husbands and fathers. The women were then barbarously cut to pieces and the children bayoneted. A colleague of Freundlich wrote "It is all so inconceivable, and yet it is true!" Four hundred men from Luma who gave themselves up voluntarily were taken to Prizren and executed day after day in groups of forty to sixty.
Megjithëse deri tani nuk është shpaluar ndonjë akt zyrtar i Perandorisë Osmane që ligjëronte zëvendësimin e sistemit të timarit në malësi me atë të njësive vetëqeverisëse tradicionale dhe si njësi administrative-ushtarake osmane me emrin "bajrak", ky proces mendohet të ketë nisur para shek.XVIII
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