Lom Лом | |
|---|---|
  Lom Location of Lom, Bulgaria | |
| Coordinates:43°49′32″N23°14′15″E / 43.82556°N 23.23750°E /43.82556; 23.23750 | |
| Country | Bulgaria |
| Province (Oblast) | Montana |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Tsvetan Petrov |
| Area | |
• Total | 52.203 km2 (20.156 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 20 m (70 ft) |
| Population (2021)[1] | |
• Total | 18,593 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal Code | 3600 |
| Area code | 0971 |
| Website | Official website |
Lom (Bulgarian:Лом[ˈɫɔm]) is atown in northwesternBulgaria, part ofMontana Province, situated on the right bank of theDanube, close to the estuary of theLom River. It is the administrative centre of the eponymousLom Municipality. The town is 162 km (101 mi) north ofSofia, 56 km (35 mi) southeast ofVidin, 50 km (31 mi) north ofMontana, and 42 km (26 mi) west ofKozloduy. It is the second most important Bulgarian port on the Danube afterRuse.
The town of Lom is located near the mouth of the eponymous river Lom. Its development as a large river port center, second in importance to Bulgaria afterRuse, is determined by the fact that it is the closest port to the capital.
Lom was founded by theThracians under the name ofArtanes in Antiquity.
TheRomans built thefort ofAlmus (from where the name of the today's city and of the Lom River comes) on theDanubian Limes frontier system along theDanube. The town developed around it.
There are no reports proving that there existed a big settlement in theMiddle Ages. It was not untilOttoman rule that it enlarged but for a long time it was under the shadow of the dominant towns of Vidin,Nikopol andSilistra. It is assumed that the Ottoman village was founded in 1695 byKara Mustafa[dubious –discuss] andMurad Giray,[clarification needed] who were defeated atVienna in 1683 and who came here sailing rafts along the Danube.
The nameLom Palanka was mentioned for the first time in 1704. At the time, the namepalanka was used for settlements that stood between village and city (grad) in size and importance. In 1798 Lom suffered from brigand raids. With the development of shipping along the Danube after 1830, the importance of the town grew. The road to Sofia contributed to its progress and turned it into a main export port toVienna. By 1869 there were 120 shops, 148 trade offices, 175 food shops, 34 coffee bars, six hotels and two mills. The town was centred on the oldKale (fortress), which was entered through threekapii (gates), each named after the place that the respective road led to -Vidin,Belogradchik,Sofia. The tradesmen from Lom offered goods at the biggest fairs in the region and beyond. In 1880 there were 7,500 inhabitants in the town.
Lom is proud of its traditions from the period of theBulgarian National Revival. During theBulgarian National Revival, the firstchitalishte in Bulgaria (1856) was founded in the town, the first women's society in the country was also established in 1858 and one of the first theatre performances took place in the town.Krastyu Pishurka, a noted educator, also worked in Lom.
Until the Second World War it was a major market town. In 1943, the Bulgarian government transported several thousand Jewish captives from Bulgarian-occupied territory inGreece andYugoslavia to Lom to be embarked on boats bound forVienna inNazi Germany, from where they were taken to be exterminated inTreblinka.[2] Lom was the main hub for the first deportations of victims of the Holocaust from the Axis-aligned Balkans.[3] After 1944 the industry developed — sugar factory, can factory, grain industry. It became a port for the northwestern part of Bulgaria.
Neighbourhoods of Lom include:
The majority of the population of Lom isChristian Orthodox. The second biggest religious group isProtestantism-adventists andbaptists.
| Climate data for Lom (1961–1990) Elevation: 33m | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.0 (35.6) | 4.4 (39.9) | 10.5 (50.9) | 17.6 (63.7) | 22.6 (72.7) | 26.1 (79.0) | 28.4 (83.1) | 27.8 (82.0) | 24.0 (75.2) | 17.0 (62.6) | 9.6 (49.3) | 4.3 (39.7) | 16.2 (61.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.9 (30.4) | 1.3 (34.3) | 6.2 (43.2) | 12.4 (54.3) | 17.4 (63.3) | 21.1 (70.0) | 22.6 (72.7) | 22.0 (71.6) | 18.2 (64.8) | 11.9 (53.4) | 6.1 (43.0) | 1.4 (34.5) | 11.6 (53.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −3.7 (25.3) | −1.3 (29.7) | 2.1 (35.8) | 7.6 (45.7) | 12.4 (54.3) | 15.6 (60.1) | 17.0 (62.6) | 16.5 (61.7) | 11.3 (52.3) | 7.6 (45.7) | 3.0 (37.4) | 1.2 (34.2) | 7.4 (45.4) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 38.0 (1.50) | 43.0 (1.69) | 45.0 (1.77) | 49.0 (1.93) | 58.0 (2.28) | 67.0 (2.64) | 40.0 (1.57) | 34.0 (1.34) | 34.0 (1.34) | 37.0 (1.46) | 51.0 (2.01) | 47.0 (1.85) | 543 (21.38) |
| Average rainy days | 4 | 5 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 73 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 80 | 79 | 74 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 70 | 70 | 73 | 78 | 81 | 82 | 75 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 64 | 78 | 128 | 180 | 232 | 268 | 303 | 283 | 216 | 148 | 86 | 67 | 2,053 |
| Source: NOAA[4] | |||||||||||||
Lom Peak onLivingston Island in theSouth Shetland Islands,Antarctica is named after Lom.
The municipality of Lom consists of the following 9 villages plus the town of Lom itself, which is the administrative centre of the municipality.
Băilești, Romania
Debar, North Macedonia
Pantelej (Niš), Serbia
Moudania, Greece
Places adjacent to Lom, Bulgaria | |
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Capital:Lom | |
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