| Lodève Cathedral Cathédrale Saint-Fulcran de Lodève | |
|---|---|
 Lodève Cathedral | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Roman Catholic Church |
| Province | Diocese of Montpellier |
| Region | Hérault |
| Rite | Roman |
| Ecclesiastical or organizational status | Cathedral |
| Status | Active |
| Location | |
| Location | Lodève, France |
 | |
| Geographic coordinates | 43°43′55″N3°19′2″E / 43.73194°N 3.31722°E /43.73194; 3.31722 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | church |
| Groundbreaking | 6th century |
| Completed | 20th century |
Lodève Cathedral (French:Cathédrale Saint-Fulcran de Lodève) is aRoman Catholicchurch inLodève,Hérault, southernFrance. The edifice is a typical example of localGothic architecture.
Lodève is an ancient town of Celtic origin, situated some 50 kilometres (as the crow flies) from the Mediterranean coast. It sits at the foot of the mountains of theLanguedoc-Roussillon region, about 45 kilometres north-west ofMontpellier. The formerDiocese of Lodève, probably founded towards the end of the 4th century, was suppressed during theFrench Revolution and was not restored; its territory was instead attached to theDiocese, later Archdiocese, of Montpellier. The See of Lodève was restored in 1877 in the person of the Bishop of Montpellier.
The cathedral, the former seat of theBishops of Lodève, was classed anational historical monument in 1840.[1]
Originally the cathedral was dedicated to SaintGenesius of Arles, a legal clerk inArles, who was beheaded in 303 during theDiocletian persecution (his martyrdom is depicted on the keystone of the vault of the apse). Since 1410 the cathedral has been dedicated toSaint Fulcran, who as bishop of Lodève restored the cathedral in the 10th century.
Some traces of previous buildings are preserved in the crypt. However, there are not traces of the first cathedral, which dates from the end of the 4th century, when diocese was founded. Somecapitals dating from the 6th to the 8th centuries, and now in the Musée Fleury, suggest building from the time of theVisigoths. The exterior walls of the crypt also seem to date from this period. In the 10th century, Saint Fulcran had the cathedral either rebuilt or extended, and reconsecrated it in 975. The doubling of the crypt walls towards the exterior and its vault were part of this structure.
Achoir consisting of a single, extremely broad nave, and a polygonalapse of nine bays lit by nine Gothic windows 12 metres high, is extended to the west by a nave of three aisles. The main portal is richly ornamented and is located in the middle of the north side, under a porch. Opposite, on the south side, stands a bell-tower that is over 57 metres tall. The nave is entirely flanked by side chapels. The west front, which has no tower, has a beautifulrose window and achemin de ronde. Thecloister is to the south of the choir. The cathedral is a typical Gothic building of the south of France, majestic and austere, reflecting the stylistic influence of themendicant orders.
The written sources from the period of the construction of the Gothic cathedral are few, originating from the bishopsBernard Gui (1324-1331) andGuillaume Briçonnet (1489-1519) who was alsoBishop of Meaux and spiritual director ofMarguerite de Navarre. They give only indirect information on the progress of the construction, and it is therefore necessary to resort to comparative stylistic dating (according to Curtius).[2]
The Gothic structure was begun with the apse in about 1265/1270. The second phase in the 1270s comprised the choir and the chapel ofSaint Andrew (now the chapel of theSacred Heart) which lies alongside the northern wall of the choir.
In the third phase, during the later 1270s and the early 1280s, the two eastern bays of the northern side of the nave were built, as well as the adjacent chapel of Saint Fulcran, the portal and its porch. The choir was vaulted, and temporarily closed off so that it could be used for services.
In a fourth phase of about 1295/1300 the north side was completed, with the chapel ofSaint Martin (now the chapel ofSaint Roch), and work on the south side was begun with theLady Chapel and the chapel ofSaint Michael, above which was built a belltower over 57 metres high, which also served as a watch-tower. This was finished in about 1320.
During the rule of bishop Bernard Gui (1324-1331), formerlyGrand Inquisitor, construction halted because of financial difficulties. The north and south sides were not completed and vaulted until about 1345, when the lower half of the western front was also erected. Several epidemics of theBlack Death followed by theHundred Years' War interrupted further work, and the façade was not finished until sometime between 1413 and 1430, and fortified with achemin de ronde andbartizans. The principal nave was vaulted at the same time. Towards the end of the 15th century the chapel of Saint Fulcran was enlarged and abaptistry added to the southwest.
During theFrench Wars of Religion the cathedral was looted and severely damaged. Protestant troops blew up the four great pillars of the nave, causing the collapse of thearcades, theclerestory and the vaulting of the nave roof. The only parts that remained intact were the choir, the outside walls of the nave and the side-chapels. It was Bishop Jean VI de Plantavit de la Pause (1625-1648) who had the destroyed parts of the building restored as they had been.
In theFrench Revolution the cathedral was desecrated and used as a storage depot. In the 19th and 20th centuries a number of restorations were carried out, including the reinforcement of the buttresses, the replacement of the original plaster and the reopening of blocked windows. Finally a stone roof was added to the belltower.
The belltower is decorated with four, large statues in high relief, representing the saints venerated in the diocese:Saint Michael the Archangel;Saint Genesius of Arles, the first patron of the cathedral; eitherSaint Florus, the legendary first bishop of Lodève and the apostle of theAuvergne, orSaint Amand,bishop of Rodez; andSaint Fulcran, bishop of Lodève in the 10th century and the present patron of the cathedral. The cathedral building is also ornamented with quantities of sculpted brackets, capitals and gargoyles. Thetympanum over the portal is Gothic revival.
Because of the devastations of war, none of the original fittings and furnishings have survived. The chapel of Saint Michael contains the monument of Bishop Plantavit de la Pause (about 1650). The walls of the choir are decorated with eight enormous wall-hangings from the 17th and 18th centuries, bySébastien Bourdon, J. Coustou andÉtienne Loys. The stained glass windows of the apse date from 1854 and are by the artist Mauvernay. The wooden pulpit is supported by fouratlantes (Cain,Holophernes,Herod andJudas) and dates from 1867, when it was displayed at theExposition Universelle in Paris. The polychrome organ loft is a masterpiece ofRococo work, one of the most impressive in the south of France. It stands on a vast platform of stone with a beautiful balustrade of wrought iron, and was built in 1754 by Jean-François L'Epine. The original instrument was rebuilt in 1882 by Théodore Puget of Toulouse.
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