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List of flags of Vietnam

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List of Vietnamese flags
Five-colour flags
Nguyễn dynasty's administrative units
Republic of Vietnam Military Forces
French Indochina
Religious flags

The following is alist of flags ofVietnam.[1][2]

National flag

Main articles:Flag of Vietnam andFlag of South Vietnam

Current

Official

FlagDateUseBlazonDescription
July 2, 1976 – presentState flag and civil flagGules, a mullet Or.A large yellow star centered on a red field (2:3). The red background symbolizes revolution and bloodshed. The golden star represents the five main classes in Vietnamese society — intellectuals, farmers, workers, entrepreneurs, soldiers.

Diasporic

FlagDateUseBlazonDescription

April 30, 1975 – present

Often found amongstOverseas Vietnamese as well as inoppositition movements

Or, three bars Gules.A yellow field and three horizontal red stripes (2:3). The yellow color traditionally represents Vietnam. Three red stripes symbolized the common blood running through northern, central, and southern Vietnam.

This flag is prohibited in modern communist Vietnam since it was thenational flag of theState of Vietnam and later theRepublic of Vietnam (1949-75). Since 1975, it has been the flag of anti-communistOverseas Vietnamese recognized by many places inNorth America andAustralia.[3][4][5] Found mostly amongst overseas communities of the Vietnamese nation inliberal democratic countries who don't accept thecurrent Vietnamese flag, it has also been used by some political dissidents in Vietnam.[6][7]

Historical

FlagDateUseBlazonDescription
c. 1858 – 1885The diplomatic flag of the Empire of Đại Nam.[8]OrYellow field with gold border (2:3).
c. 1885 – 1890The banner ofĐại Nam.Or, two Chinese characters 大南 GulesNational name (大南 ) centered on the yellow field (2:3).Influences:
1885 – 8 March 1949The French protectorate flag ofAnnam andTonkin.Or, in the canton side, tierced in pale, Azure, Argent and Gules.French flag canton on a yellow field (2:3).[9][10] Used as thegovernment flag.[11]Influences:
c. 1941 – 12 June 1945Flag of Đại Nam and the Empire of Vietnam.Or, a fess Gules.A yellow field with a single large red stripe (2:3).[12] Designed according to the pattern of the medal riband of theOrder of the Dragon of Annam.[11][9] Emerging in the 1920s as a regal flag of the Nguyễn court. In theWorld War II, adopted as the national flag of Đại Nam,[13] assigned as thecivil flag.[11] Other influences:
c. April 17 – June 12, 1945The first flag of the Empire of Vietnam.OrYellow field with gold border (2:3).Influences:Flag of AnnamFlag of Cochinchina
12 June – 30 August 1945Flag of theEmpire of Vietnam.Or, the trigram of fire Gules.A yellow field with four red stripes (2:3). The stripes formed theQuẻ Ly, orLi trigram ☲.[14][15][10] Designed by Lê Quý Trinh.Influences:
September 2, 1945 – November 30, 1955Flag of theDemocratic Republic of Vietnam.Gules, a mullet Or.A large yellow star centered on the red field (2:3). Influences:
June 2, 1948 – June 14, 1949
June 14, 1949 – April 30, 1975		Flag of theProvisional Central Government of Vietnam, theState of Vietnam, and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam).Or, three bars Gules.A yellow field with three red stripes (2:3). Adopted by Chief of StateBảo Đại and signed into law by Prime MinisterNguyễn Văn Xuân in 1948.[13][16] The flag was also used by the State of Vietnam and its successor, the Republic of Vietnam.Influences:
November 30, 1955 – July 2, 1976Flag ofNorth Vietnam.Gules, a mullet Or.A large yellow star centered on the red field (2:3).Influences:
April 30, 1975 – July 2, 1976Flag of theRepublic of South Vietnam.Per fess Gules and Azure, a mullet Or.A yellow star on the red and blue background.Influences:

Government flags

Imperial standards

FlagDurationUseName/Description
c. 1885–1890Flag of emperorĐồng Khánh.[citation needed]Flag with the wordĐại Nam (大南, "Great South'", the then official name of Vietnam).[17][unreliable source?]
c. 1890–1920Flag of emperorsThành Thái,Duy Tân andKhải Định.[citation needed]A red field with a single yellow stripe.[17][unreliable source?]
c. 1920–1945Flag of emperorsKhải Định andBảo Đại.A yellow field with a single red stripe. Referred to as thecờ Long tinh or "Dragon star flag".

Personal standards of emperors

FlagDurationUseName/Description
1922–1945Personal standard of emperorsKhải Định andBảo Đại.[17]Flag ratio: 2:3.
1941?–1945Royalfanion (Cờ Nhà Vua) of theNguyễn dynasty.[17][12][18]The "flag of yellow and dragon" (黃龍旗,Hoàng-long kì) or the "Son of Heaven flag" (天子旗,Thiên-tử kì). Flag ratio is 1:2.
1941?–1945Imperial standard of the Nguyễn dynasty.[17][12]Flag ratio: 1:2.
1948–1955Personal standard ofState ChiefBảo Đại.[17]Flag ratio: 2:3.Influences:

Presidential standards

FlagDurationUseName/Description
1955–1963Presidential Standard of the First Vietnamese Republic.[19]Yellow field with green bamboo on the top, and the red inscription "Tiết-trực tâm-hư" (節直心虛, "straight-shaped and hollow core") on the bottom.[20][21]
1964–1975Presidential Standard of the Second Vietnamese Republic.White field with the coat of arms of the Republic of Vietnam on the middle.[20]
1967–1975Presidential standard of theSecond Vietnamese Republic asSupreme Commander of the Armed Forces.Standard of theSupreme Commander of the Armed Forces[21] (2:3).Influences:

Political flags

FlagDurationUseName/Description
1910–1930Flag of theIndochinese Constitutionalist Party.[22]A yellow field with a redsaltire in its centre extending to all corners.
1925–1930Flag of theTân Việt Revolutionary Party.[23]
c. 1912–1925Flag of theViệt Nam Quang Phục Hội.A yellow flag with a canton containing five red round-stars.Influences:
1929–1945Flag of theVietnamese Nationalist Party.
1930–Flag of theCommunist Party of Vietnam.Influences:
1931—1946Flag of theTrotskyist League of Vietnam.
1939–1951Flag of theVietnam National Restoration League.Influences:Flag of the Republic of Vietnam
1941–1951Flag of theLeague for the Independence of Vietnam.A yellow star centered on a red field.Influences:
1942–1946Flag of theVietnam Revolutionary League.Influences:Flag of the Republic of Vietnam
1939–Flag of theNationalist Party of Greater Vietnam.Influences:Flag of the Republic of China
1945–Flag of theVietnamese Nationalist Party.Influences:Flag of the Republic of China
1943–1947Flag of theĐại Việt Populist Revolutionary Party.
Variant flag of the Đại Việt Populist Revolutionary Party.
1945Flag of theVanguard Youth.A red star centered on a yellow field.
1945Flag of theVietnam National Independence Party.A tricolour with the colours yellow-blue-yellow.
1951–Flag of theHo Chi Minh Communist Youth UnionInfluences:
1954–1963Flag of thePersonalist Labor Revolutionary Party.
1958–1964Flag of theBAJARAKA.
1960–1977Flag of theNational Liberation Front for South Vietnam (Viet Cong).Influences:
1964–1992Flag of theFULRO.[a]
Flag of the FULRO,Variant flag.[b]
Flag of theNew Greater Viet Party.Influences:
1964–1985Flag of theLiberation Front of Kampuchea Krom.
Flag ofKhmers Kampuchea-Krom Federation (KKF).
1964–Flag of theFront for the Liberation of Central Highlands.
1965–Flag of theGreater Viet Revolutionary Party.Influences:
1965–Flag of theCaodaist Youth Union.[24]
1972–Flag of theVietnamese Democratic Socialist Party.Red tristar and swastika in the white dish, which centered on a yellow field.
1967—1975Flag of theNational Social Democratic Front.A red star centered on a yellow field.
1973Flag of theFour Power Joint Military Commission.[25][26][c]A blackArabic number "4" (four) centered on a square red field.
1968–1977Flag of theAlliance of National, Democratic, and Peace Forces.Influences:
1981–Flag of theCoalition of Vietnam Nationalist Parties.
1981–Flag of theAlliance for Democracy in Vietnam.A yellow field with three red stripes and five blue stars in the upper canton.Influences:
1982—Flag of theViet Tan.
1991—Flag of thePeople's Action Party of Vietnam.Influences:Party flag of the Kuomintang and canton of the Republic of China
1993—Flag of theVietnamese Constitutional Monarchist League.[27]Influences:
1993—Flag of the Vietnamese Constitutional Monarchist League,variant flag.Influences:
2003–Flag of theVietnamese National Party.Influences:
2006–Flag of theDemocratic Party of Vietnam.

Religious flags

Main article:List of religious flags of Vietnam

Military flags

Further information:List of flags of the Republic of Vietnam Military Forces

Including unit flags that are derived from the military flag template.

FlagDateUseDescription
Current
1955–presentFlag ofPeople's Army of Vietnam.

(War flag of Vietnam)

A yellow star centered on a red field, and yellow inscription "Quyết thắng" (determined to win) in the upper canton (2:3).
1955–presentReverse side of the Flag ofPeople's Army of Vietnam.A yellow star centered on a red field, and yellow inscription "Quyết thắng" (determined to win) in the upper right corner (2:3).
1955–presentFlag ofVietnam People's Navy.Flag of the People's Army of Vietnam with military branch/unit name "Quân chủng Hải quân" in the bottom.
1959–presentFlag ofVietnam People's Air Force.Flag of the People's Army of Vietnam with military branch/unit name "Quân chủng Phòng không – Không quân" in the bottom.
1958–presentFlag ofVietnam Border Guard.Flag of the People's Army of Vietnam with military branch/unit name "Biên phòng Việt Nam" in the bottom.
2008–presentFlag ofVietnam Coast Guard.Flag of the People's Army of Vietnam with military branch/unit name "Cảnh sát biển Việt Nam" in the bottom.
1958–presentFlag ofVietnam Information and Communications Force [vi].Flag of the People's Army of Vietnam with military branch/unit name "Binh chủng Thông tin Liên lạc" in the bottom.
2022–presentFlag of theVietnam Militia and Self-Defence Force.The emblem of the Vietnam Self-Defence Militia centered on a red field (2:3).
2024–presentFlag of theViettel.Flag of the People's Army of Vietnam with military branch/unit name "Tập đoàn Công nghiệp - Viễn thông Quân đội" in the bottom.
Historical
1953–1954Challenge flag andViet Minhbattle flag during the final course of theFirst Indochina War and the Victory Banner of theBattle of Dien Bien Phu.A yellow star with Vietnamese slogans and inscriptions.
1961–1976Flag of theLiberation Army of South Vietnam.[28]A yellow star centered on a red and blue field, and yellow inscription "Quyết thắng" (determined to win) in the upper canton (2:3).Influences:
1965–1975Republic of Vietnam War flag.Yellow flag with three stripes, and the emblem (goldeagle) in the middle (3:4).Influences:
1965–1975Flag of theRepublic of Vietnam Military Forces.Flag ratio: 3:4.
1955–1965Flag of the Republic of Vietnam Military Forces.Flag ratio: 3:4.Influences:
1955–1965Reverse side of the flag of the Republic of Vietnam Military Forces.Flag ratio: 3:4.Influences:
1965–1975Flag of theArmy of the Republic of Vietnam.Flag ratio: 3:4.
1965–1975Flag of theRepublic of Vietnam Navy.Flag ratio: 3:4.
1965–1975Flag of theRepublic of Vietnam Air Force.Flag ratio: 3:4.
1968–1975Flag ofRepublic of Vietnam Marine Division.Flag ratio: 3:4.
1949–1955Flag ofVietnamese National Army.Yellow flag with three stripes, and the name ofState of Vietnam (3:4).Influences:
1923 – March 9, 1945Flag ofTirailleurs indochinois.French tricolor canton on a yellow field (1:1).Influences:
Flag of the royal cavalry of theNguyễn dynasty.[29]Influences:
1947–1953Flag of the National Protective Youth Union (the military-wing of theDaiviet Nationalist Party).The red tristars in the upper corner of the left of a yellow field.Influences:
1912–1925Flag of theViệt Nam Quang phục quân (the military-wing of theViệt Nam Quang Phục Hội).Five white dots connected with saltire on red background.Influences:
Flag of theArmy of the Nguyễn dynasty.[30][31]

Police flags

FlagDateUseDescription
Current
1955–presentFlag of theVietnam People's Public SecurityA yellow star centered on a red field, and yellow inscription "Bảo vệ an ninh tổ quốc" (Protecting the Fatherland's Security) in the upper canton (2:3).
Historical
1955–1975Flag ofRepublic of Vietnam National Police[32][33][34]A green flag with the motto "Tổ quốc, Công minh – Liêm chính" (Fatherland, Justice – Integrity) in the top, the police badge in the middle, and the name "Cảnh sát Quốc gia" (National Police) in the bottom (2:3).
1955–1975Other variant flag of the Republic of Vietnam National Police[35][36]RVN police symbol on the South Vietnam’s flag with green background.

Ensigns

FlagDateUseDescription
Historical
1923–1945
1945–1949		Civil and Naval Ensign ofFrench Indochina.A yellow ensign with the French tricolor in the canton and swallow tail. (proportions 1:2).Influences:
1952–1975Naval ensign ofState of Vietnam andRepublic of Vietnam.[37]Yellow field with three red stripes and ananchor in the middle (2:3).Influences:
Current
1998–presentEnsign ofVietnam Coast Guard.A dark blue pennant with theVietnamese national emblem (sometimes simplified) in the middle and ayellow/goldenarrow pointing toward thepole (2:3).[38]
2014–presentNaval ensign ofVietnam People's Navy.A white flag with an emblem representing theVietnam People's Navy on the top and a blue strip below (2:3).[39]Influences:
2014–presentJack of theVietnam Fisheries Surveillance.A light blue pennant with the agency's emblem in the middle (2:3).[40]
2022–presentFlag and ensign of themaritime militia.The force's emblem centered on a red field (2:3).[41]
2021–presentAlternative ensign of themaritime militia.A red pennant with the force's emblem in the middle (2:3).[42]

Flags of Vietnamese subjects

Provinces of the Nguyễn dynasty

Further information:Flags of the Nguyễn dynasty's administrative units

Areas with special status and ethnic minorities

FlagDurationUseName/Description
16th century–Flag of theKingdom of ChampaThe flag used by the Kingdom of Champa after converting to Islam around the 16th century.[43]
1946Flag of theAutonomous Republic of CochinchinaA yellow field with two yellow strips and three blue strips. Possibly the inspiration for the yellow flag with three blue stripes featured on the cover of the first issue of theCahiers franco-vietnamiens (1948).[44]
1946–1948Flag of the Autonomous Republic ofCochinchina[44][13]A yellow field with two white strips and three blue strips.Influences:
1888–1889Flag of theKingdom of Sedang[45]A whitemaltese cross centered on a blue field.
1888–1889Flag of the Kingdom of Sedang (1927 Bulletin des Amis du Vieux-Huế variant)[46]Light blue in colour with a red cross of Malta and in its centre a white star, alternatively it could have been red in colour with a blue cross of Malta and a white star.[d]
1888–1889Flag of the Kingdom of Sedang (K. Fachinger variant)[47]Blue with a white St. George's cross and a red star.
1888–1889Flag of the Kingdom of Sedang (Vexilla Belgica variant)A light blue flag with a white cross of Malta.[e]
1889–1897Flag of theConfederation of SedangInfluences:
1944–1953Flag of theTai Dón people[48][49]A large red square centered on a yellow field (2:3).
1946–1950Flag of theMontagnard country of South IndochinaInfluences:
1946–1950Flag ofTai Autonomous TerritoryInfluences:
1950–1955Flag ofSip Song Chau Tai[50]A verticaltricolour of blue, white, and red: One white stripe is between two blue stripes, a red star with 16 rays is in white field.Influences:
1947–1954Flag of theNùng Autonomous Territory[48]Influences:
1947–1954Flag of theThổ Autonomous Territory (Tay people)Flag ratio: 2:3.
1947–1954Flag of theMường Autonomous Territory (Mường people).[51][48]A large whitepentagram centered on a green field (2:3).Influences:
?–1975Flag ofKhmer Mountain Tribes[52]A green field with a white star what has 16 rays charged in the left.
?Flag of theFront de Lutte du Kampuchea Krom (FLKK)Influences:
1964–1965Flag ofRepublic of Central Highlands and Champa[53]Influences:
1962–1964Flag ofFront for the Liberation of ChampaFlag ratio: 2:3.
March 1964–?Flag of theFront de Liberation des Hauts Plateaux (FLHP)[54]Influences:
?Flag ofLahuFlag ratio: 3:5.Influences:
1993—Flag of theHmong people
1969–1976Flag of theProvisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South VietnamA yellow star on a red and blue background.Influences:
1969–?Flag of theMovement for Unity of the Southern Highland Ethnic Minorities (MUSHEN)[f]Three equal stripes of green (top), yellow, and red. These colours stood respectively for the mountains and jungles of the Highlands, the (South) Vietnamese national color, and the spirit of common struggle on behalf of the fatherland.[55]
1985–?Flag ofKhmer KromRectangular tricolour with three equal-size horizontal bands: the upper one is blue, the middle yellow, and the lower red (3:5).Influences:
1986–Flag of theSave The Montagnard People[g]The 1986 flag of Save the Montagnard People organisation inGreensboro, North Carolina which is supposed to be the flag of all Montagnard / Dega people, was modeled after the earlier flag used by the Movement for Unity of the Southern Highland Ethnic Minorities (MUSHEN) in the Republic of Vietnam during the Vietnam War. The significant difference might be the removal of the yellow colour because it's associated with the Vietnamese. The golden band represents a montagnard bracelet.[h]

Influences:

1987–Flag of theMontagnard Degar Association (MDA)Based on the above flag but the bracelet is a full ring.Influences:
1990–Flag or theDegar Foundation
2000–Flag of theInternational Office of Champa for theCham people
2000–2010Flag of theUnited Montagnard People (UMP)
Flag of theCouncil for the Socio-Cultural Development of ChampaA vertical tricolour with the colours blue, green, and red and a photograph of a yellowish-white flower (Plumeria alba) in the middle (green) field.[i] Ratio 3:5.
2000s–Flag of theUnited Montagnard Republic (claimed exiled southern Montagnard government)[56]Seven horizontal stripes, the inner four stripes are white, the outer two are green, while the two stripes in its centre are coloured red (that is: Green-white-red-white-red-white-green). On its upper left area is a squarish canton which takes up five stripes, the canton is blue in colour with a thin yellowLatin cross, representingProtestant Christianity, connected to a laying double concave lens shape that extends to all the sides of the canton.[j]
?Flag of theChinese Nùng peopleA vertical tricolour with the colours green-red-green and thecoat of arms of the Nùng Autonomous Territory in its centre.Influences:

Municipalities

FlagDurationUseName/Description
2010?–Decorative flag forHanoiEmblem of Hanoi in gold on a red field, similar to the national flag of Vietnam.
2016?–Unofficial flag ofHaiphong (used by the city's people during sport events)[57][58][59]Seal of Haiphong (the royal poinciana flower) on a white field with 2 red stripes at the top and the bottom (the width of the stripes varies).
1983–Official flag forBà Rịa – Vũng TàuEmblem of Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu on a light blue field.

Social flags

Commercial flags

Though not standardized and rarely seen, state-owned corporations in Vietnam sometimes have their own flags.

FlagDurationUseName/Description
1994–presentFlag of theVietnam Electricity (EVN)Blue field with the logo of the EVN
1988–presentFlag of theVietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (Agribank)Red field with the logo of Agribank, on is the text "Ngân hàng Nông nghiệp và Phát triển Nông thôn Việt Nam" (Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development)
1975–presentFlag ofVietnam Sea Transport & Chartering Co.Horizontal bicolor of red over blue with a yellow "V" in the middle.Influences:
1995–2007Flag ofFalcon Shipping CompanyGreen field with a white letter "F"
2007–presentFlag ofVietnam Oil and Gas Transportation Joint Stock Company (previouslyFalcon Shipping Company)Green field with a red six-pointed star and the white letter "F" in the middle
2006–presentFlag ofVinaship Joint Stock Co.Sky blue flag with a "V" formed by a white bird
2021–presentFlag ofViettel Group[60]Red flag with white Viettel typeface logo and its Vietnamese slogan.

Organization flags

FlagDurationUseName/Description
2007–presentFlag of theBig Dipper UnionAn azure blue field with the logo of the organization
1946–presentFlag ofVietnam Red CrossWhite field with the logo of the Vietnam Red Cross Association.Influences:
1946–presentThe flag ofVietnam Red CrossTheRed Cross flag with the text "Vietnam Red Cross Association" in Vietnamese.Influences:
1990s–presentOfficial flag of theVovinam AssociationYellow field with the symbol of Vovinam in the middle, the text "Vovinam" in red at the top of the hoist side and "Việt Võ Đạo" in blue at the bottom of the fly side
1930–presentFlag of theVietnamese Scout AssociationA red field with the lily flower symbol and the scout knot in red.Influences:

Historical flags

Further information:History of Vietnam
FlagDurationUseName/Description
1702–1705Flag ofPoulo Condor under theEnglish East India Company[61]Prior to theActs of Union which created theKingdom of Great Britain, the flag contained theSt George's Cross in thecanton representing theKingdom of England.Influences:
1863Flag of the Diplomatic Delegation ofAnnam fromRed Sea to France.[62]Yellow field with four red word "Đại-Nam khâm-sứ" (大南欽使).Influences:
1887–1923Flag ofFrench colonial empire.A verticaltricolour of blue, white, and red.
1917Flag ofDaihung Empire.[63]Five red dots connected with saltire on a yellow field.
c. 1900 – 9 March 1945The protectorate flag ofAnnam andTonkin.French flag canton on a yellow field.Influences:
1930–1931Flag of theRed Guards (Nghe-Tinh Revolt).Flag ratio: 2:3.Influences:
January 15, 1931Flag of theIndochinese Communist Party used atVinh,Nghệ An.[64]TheChữ Hán "黨共產東洋" (Đảng Cộng sản Đông Dương) surrounding a hammer and a sickle. Slogans: 1 ° Increase in wages, reduction of the working day, reinstatement of the 21 workers made redundant; 2 ° Punishment of the strongmen andmandarins who harm the masses.Influences:
1936–1945Flag of theEnlightenment Union.[65]Flag ratio: 2:3.
1936–1945Flag ratio: 2:3.
1944–1945Flag of theĐại Việt Quốc gia Liên minh.[64]A yellow field with three red stars.
March 9 – August 14, 1945Flag ofEmpire of Japan.Flag ratio: 7:10. Disc is shifted 1% towards the hoist (left).
1945–1960Flag ofBình Xuyên.A dark red banner and a small blue banner inside, a small yellow star centered on a blue banner (2:3).Influences:
1947Cờ Quẻ Càn[k]A yellow field with three red stripes. The stripes formed theQuẻ Càn, orQian trigram (☰).Influences:
2 October 1955 – 1 November 1963Flag ofVietnamese National Revolutionary Movement.[citation needed]Flag ratio is 2:3.
2 October 1955 – 1 November 1963Flag ratio is 2:3.
1961–1963Flag ofVietnamese Republican Youth Movement (Thanh Nữ Cộng Hòa).Flag ratio is 2:3.
1965–1970Flag of4-T Union.A large greenfour-leaf clover centered on a white field.
1968–1973Flag ofNational Progressive Movement.[66]Two horizontal red stripes enveloping a horizontal yellow stripe. The redarrow in the middle of the yellow stripe.Influences:
1951–1960Flag ofAir Vietnam.

Cultural flags

FlagDurationUseName/Description
Vietnamese five-colour flags.[67]InVietnamese culture,five-colour flags (Vietnamese:cờ ngũ sắc) orfive elements flags (cờ ngũ hành) are traditionally flown during festivals and religious ceremonies. A five-colour flag consists of five concentric squares in red, green, yellow, and blue, representing thefive elements (ngũ hành). The order of colours varies. The outermost square has three ragged edges, similar tofringing. The centre of the flag is sometimesdefaced to commemorate a specific concept or personality. Historically, some imperial and military ensigns followed a similar pattern.
April 30, 1975–Vietnamese Heritage and Freedom Flag.[68][69][70][71]A yellow field with three red stripes (2:3). After theFall of Saigon, the flag is continually used by someboat people andOverseas Vietnamese groups.[72]
1956–1975Flag ofSaint Trần.[73][l]Adopted by the formerRepublic of Vietnam Navy.
Funeral flag.[74]
Catholic funeral flag.

Monarchist flags

FlagDurationUseName/Description
Vietnamese monarchist flag with a bluedragon.[75]Influences:
Vietnamese monarchist flag with a green dragon.Influences:

National flag proposals

See also:List of national flag proposals
FlagFirst proposedName / Proposed byDescription
c. 1912–1925TheQuốc kỳ Ngũ Tinh (國旗五星, "Five stars national flag") according toTự phán, written byPhan Bội Châu.Five red dots connected with saltire on a yellow background that is to symbolise the "yellow" race.
1938–1940Proposed flag for Vietnam by theVietnam National Restoration League.The word "King" (王,Vương) symbolises theconstitutional monarchy.[m] A red background symbolises struggle for independence. A white background symbolises "cleanliness of the people".
17 January 1973The Reconciliation Flag of Vietnam (Cờ Hoà Giải Của Nước Việt Nam).[76] According to theFlags of the World website the creation of this flag is attributed Nguyễn Thành Trí and Tristan Nguyễn inSaigon (present-dayHồ Chí Minh City), South Vietnam in 1973, following the signing of theParis Peace Accords.[76][77] In the year 2007 it was later re-introduced inSan Francisco, United States.[76]A vertical tricolour with the colours yellow-green-red and a white 12-pointed star in its centre.[76] The colour yellow is supposed to be a symbol of both the continent of Asia and theVietnamese people, the colour green symbolises peace, while the colour red symbolises the concept of "revolutionary enthusiasm".[n][76] The white star in the centre of the flag stands for freedom, peace, and national reconciliation. The points of the star correspond to the years of theâm lịch stands for the three values of freedom, equality, and pluralism – which are the values its advocates expect to be the most respected values in a new Vietnam (Tân Việt Nam).[76] The ratio is 2:3.[76]
An untitled flag proposal at aVietnamese language website by a group of Vietnamese students from USA, Canada, and France, acknowledge the legitimacy of the current red and yellow flags of Vietnam.[76][78]The proposed flag is a horizontal tricolour with the colours white-red-white divided in the ratio of 1:2:1.[76]

Misattributed flags

This is a list of incorrect, fictitious or unknown flags which have been reported on as being factual and/or historical flags of Vietnam by contemporary or otherwise reputable sources.

Fictitious pre-Nguyễn royal flags

FlagSupposed dateSupposed useOrigin of the misattribution
939–968Flag of theNgô dynastyFlag that is used by various medias to represent the Vietnamese Ngô dynasty.[79][80][81][82]
Other variation:968–980Flag of theĐinh dynastyFlag that is used by various medias to represent the Vietnamese Đinh dynasty.[79][81][82]
Other variations:980–1009; 1428–1527; 1533–1789Flag of theTiền Lê dynasty and theHậu Lê dynastyFlag that is used by various media to represent the Vietnamese Tiền Lê and Hậu Lê dynasties.[79][81][82]
1009–1225Flag of theLý dynastyFlag that is used by various medias to represent the Vietnamese Lý dynasty.[79][81][82]
Other variation:1225–1400; 1407–1414Flag of theTrần dynasty and the short-livedLater Trần dynastyFlag that is used by various medias to represent the Vietnamese Trần and Later Trần dynasties.[79][81][82]
Other variation:1527–1627Flag of theMạc dynastyFlag that is used by various medias to represent the Vietnamese Mạc dynasty.[79][81][82]
Other variation:1558–1777Flag of theNguyễn lords atĐàng Trong.Flag that is used by various medias to represent the Vietnamese Nguyễn-ruled Đàng Trong.[79][81][82]
Other variations:1778–1788

1788–1802

Flag of theTây Sơn dynastyFlag that is used by various medias to represent the Vietnamese Tây Sơn dynasty.[79][81][82]The flag was also used during festival and ceremony about the Tây Sơn dynasty (and its second emperor,Quang Trung) despite its questionable origin.[83][84] The plain red banner was likely used as the Vietnamesebattle flag, as evidenced in theBattle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút, while virtually no studies or evidence existed for the variant with the centered yellow disk.
Other variation:40–43Flag of theTrưng Vương dynastyFlag drawn based on the traditional Đông Hồ painting.[85]
544–602Flag of theEarly Lý dynastyOne of the flags that is used by many Vietnameses to represent the historical Early Lý dynasty.[86]
1038–1039
1041–1058		Flag of theNungz lords.One of the flags that is used to represent the historical Nungz clan.
1527–1689Flag of theBầu lords atTuyên Quang.One of the flags that is used to represent the historical Vũ clan.

"Flag of Cochinchina"

FlagSupposed dateSupposed useDescriptionOrigin of the misattribution
Flag ofCochinchina.[87]Likely an imperial banner featuring various Sino-Vietnamese symbols such as thethái cực đồ symbol in the form of a spiral, among other symbols, likely theTứ tượng,Lạc thư and the constellations.
1868–1945Flag ofFrench Cochinchina (sometimes as the flag ofAnnam).[87][88]A rectangular flag with many black triangles, resembling a serrated ribbon typically found on Imperial Chinese and Vietnamese flags, surrounding a yellow interior. Likely based on an old imperial Vietnamese (or Chinese) flag where the Europeans didn't know that the flag had a serrated ribbon and "filled it in" as a rectangle. The black triangles are sometimes blue or green based on different interpretations.It was first described in the year 1825 and is still present on early 20th century depictions. However, the hydrographic service of the French navy, already in the charter of 1889, doesn't mention it; it is therefore believed that the existence of this flag, if it ever was authentic, does not go beyond 1883.[89]
1868–1945Naval Ensign ofCochinchina.Influences:

Modern flags

FlagSupposed dateSupposed useDescriptionOrigin of the misattribution
Other variations:
1802–1885Flag of theNguyễn dynasty, or flag of Vietnam under Nguyễn dynasty, or reportedly the flag ofTonkin.Said flag can be found in a chart titledGeneraale gezicht der Vlaggen welke meeste Natien ter Zee voeren "A general view of the flags which most nations bear at sea" between page viii and page 1 of the bookAlegemeene verhandeling van de heerschappy der zee "General Treatise of the Dominion of the Sea"[90]

Likely based on a flag stated to be flown on ships of the "nation"Tunquin in China.Tonkin was the European exonym during the 17th and 18th centuries for the northern region of modern Vietnam, then nominally reigned by theRevival Lê dynasty (1533–1789) yet effectively ruled by theTrịnh lords (1545–1787).The flag was also used in real life despite its questionable origin.[91][92]

1821–1922Alleged standard of emperorMinh Mạng.Yellow field with gold border.

Several plain yellow flags can be seen displayed along with the tricolourflags of France and a partially seen yellow flag containing red-coloured 大南 (SV:Đại Nam "Great South"), as depicted in the 1903 oil paintingLes mandarins et les autorités françaises attendant l’arrivée de l’Empereur Thanh Thai "Themandarins and the French authorities awaiting the arrival of Emperor Thành Thái" by Trần D. Trọng[93]

1885–1890Alleged flag of emperorĐồng Khánh.Found in Nguyễn Đình Sài's articleQuốc Kỳ Việt Nam: Nguồn Gốc và Lẽ Chính Thống "The National Flag of Viet Nam: Its Origin and Legitimacy". A visually similar is found on the webpageVietnam from websiteWorldstatemen byUConn-affiliated researcher Ben Cahoon.An incorrect reading of the Chinese characters 大南 (SV:Đại Nam "Great South") by foreigners with no experience with the script. The correct flag:
1890–1920National flag ofĐại NamĐại Nam Quốc Kỳ (National flag of Đại Nam), claimed to have been originally issued by EmperorThành Thái[94]Alleged influences: A description was given that claimed that the flag had a number of symbolic meanings. Yellow, beyond the meaning of a royal symbol, is the traditional colour of Vietnamese nation and the colour of Vietnamese skin, red is the colour of Vietnamese blood together is the "red blood, yellow skin"[note 1] of the Vietnamese. three red stripes symbolised the united Vietnam under three regions Northern Vietnam (Bắc Kỳ), Central Vietnam (Trung Kỳ) and Southern Vietnam (Nam Kỳ)[95][96][97]The story behind this flag was fabricated by Nguyễn Đình Sài, a former member of the anti-Communist organizationViệt Tân, who wrote the article "Quốc Kỳ Việt Nam: Nguồn Gốc và Lẽ Chính Thống” (The National Flag of Viet Nam: Its Origin and Legitimacy) in September 2004. To back up his claim, Nguyền Đình Sài cited a webpage fromWorldstatesmen website by Ben Cahoon, an American researcher affiliated withUniversity of Connecticut. However, Nguyễn Đình Sài admitted Cahoon "did not name any specific documents"[note 2] for Cahoon's claim that the yellow flag with three red stripes was used between 1890 and 1920.[98][97] Nguyễn Đình Sài fabricated this story so he could give the South Vietnamese flag more historical legitimacy by connecting it with anti-French resistance and national pride decades before it actually existed.[99]
1945Flag of theEmpire of Vietnam (aJapanese client state duringWorld War II).Inaccurate depiction of theEmpire of Vietnam's national flag,Cờ Quẻ Ly "Li Trigram Flag", which is authentic.[14][10] This inaccurate depiction has been present on theWorld Statesmen website since at least 2005,[100] and was on Wikimedia Commons from 2006 to August 2021.The correct design:

Flag construction sheets

FlagUse
Flag of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1955 – 1976) and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (from 1976).
Flag of the Empire of Vietnam (3/1945 – 8/1945).
Flag of the Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina (1946).
Flag of the Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina (1946 – 1948).
Flag of State of Vietnam (1949 – 1955) and Republic of Vietnam (1955 – 1975).
Flag of the Sip Song Chau Tai (1947 – 1950) and Sip Hoc Chau Thai (1950 – 1955).

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related toFlags of Vietnam.

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^The top stripe was blue to symbolise the sea. The central stripe of the flag was the colour red, to symbolise the struggle of three ethnic groups (Montagnards/Degar, Chams and Khmer Krom) which were represented by three white stars. And the bottom stripe was green to symbolise the mountains of inland Vietnam.
  2. ^The blue colour was changed into black in this version to symbolise the minorities' loss of the coastal areas and their restriction to the inland mountains, which were represented by the colour green.
  3. ^During the final days of the Vietnam War for the critical transition from a period warfare and conflict to peace, theAccords empowered three different commissions to oversee the implementation phase and resolve any differences between the belligerent powers. The Four-Power Joint Military Commission (JMC) represented each belligerent: on one side the United States and South Vietnam, and on the other side North Vietnam and the Việt Cộng. After the 60-day cease-fire, this newly established commission would, in theory, shed its protective outer garment (United States and North Vietnam) and would then become theTwo-Power Joint Military Commission, an insular body representing the interests of both theRepublic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) and theProvisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (PRG, the Việt Cộng).
  4. ^The original photograph was black and white.
  5. ^As reported by the fathers involved who joined the Charles-Marie (David) de Mayréna mission into the jungles.
  6. ^Also known by the name of theMovement for the Unity of Ethnic Groups of South Viet-Nam.
  7. ^Save The Montagnard People, Inc. is a United States-based organisation with addresses all over theEastern U.S. and run also by the former Green Berets.
  8. ^Montagnard bracelets are often referred to as "kong" or "kong te". The symbols in general are supposed to represent the following:
    • – Green – mountains and forest
    • – White – peace and honesty
    • – Red – blood and struggle
    • – Elephant – gentle and powerful.
  9. ^Note that the official flag uses an actual photograph of the flower and not a mere illustration representing a flower and that the flag is described by the organisation as "the flag of theCham people" or sometimes "the flag of the Cham diaspora".
  10. ^The addition of Protestant Christian imagery is likely due to the mass conversion of Southern Montagnard people to Protestantism following them reconnecting with their family members that make up the Montagnard diaspora in the United States of America, a majority Protestant nation.
  11. ^During a meeting of Vietnamese nationalist parties (which were against theViệt Minh) inHong Kong on February 17, 1947, Former emperor Bảo Đại ordered to connect the broken line in the middle of theCờ Quẻ Ly to make theCờ Quẻ Càn, the first hexagram in theBát Quái Đồ. The Càn is a symbol of Heaven, the sovereign, and power, corresponding to the nation, ethnos and strength of the Vietnamese people. Bảo Đại proclaimed that from then on theCờ Quẻ Càn would be the national flag of the independent and free Vietnam.[15]
  12. ^Unofficial flag that was at times used by the armed forces of South Vietnam.
  13. ^Despite fact that the monarchs of the Nguyễn dynasty were officially titledHoàng Đế (黃帝, "Emperor") they were commonly referred to asVương (王, "King") and/orVua (君, "Sovereign") by the common people.
  14. ^In this context "revolutionary enthusiasm" means the "readiness to make changes in order to improve the life".
  1. ^Original Vietnamese: "Máu đỏ da vàng".
  2. ^Vietnamese original: "không trích dẫn rõ ràng tài liệu nào"

References

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  2. ^Marine drapeau pavillon Chine – Japon – Cochinchine – Corée litho 1858Archived September 4, 2014, at theWayback Machine(Wikimedia Commons). Not in the source given. Notice the similar Chinese flag andno flag at "Cochinchina".
  3. ^Do, Anh (December 28, 2014)."Nearly 40 years after war's end, flag of South Vietnam endures".Los Angeles Times.
  4. ^Conservative Party Of Canada."Announcement on Jason Kenney's website re the Republic of Vietnam". Jasonkenney.com. Archived fromthe original on March 28, 2009. RetrievedJune 5, 2010.
  5. ^"States and Localities Recognizing the Vietnamese Freedom and Heritage Flag". Archived fromthe original on May 29, 2009.
  6. ^"Quanh tranh cãi mới về cờ đỏ và cờ vàng".BBC tiếng Việt. November 8, 2014. RetrievedApril 4, 2017.
  7. ^Điếu Cày và cờ vàng tại phi trường Los Angeles, April 1975,archived from the original on June 16, 2023, retrievedMarch 9, 2023
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  10. ^abc"Quốc hiệu, Quốc kỳ, Quốc ca".Tin Mới issue 1654, 28 June 1945. Archive:National Library of Vietnam.
  11. ^abc"Định rõ quốc-kỳ của ta".Đông Pháp number 5078, 17 March 1942.
  12. ^abcHymnes et pavillons d'Indochine (in French). 1941.Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. RetrievedMarch 9, 2021.
  13. ^abcNguyễn, Ngọc Huy. (March & April 1988) "National Flags and National Anthems of Vietnam"Tự Do Dân Bản magazine, issue: 27 & 28. Re-published in July 2015.Archived fromoriginal (in Vietnamese). p. 3 of 15.
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  25. ^G.R. Dunham & D.A. Quinlan. 1990.U.S. Marines in Vietnam – The Bitter End – 1973–1975[permanent dead link]. Retrieved: July 12, 2021.
  26. ^Smith's Flags Through the Ages and Across the World (1975). Page . 300 (International flags). Quote: "The flags opposite have been presented in a single shape and size. The correct proportions however are provided below each flag." The flag of the Four Power Joint Military Commission is labelled with 1:1 proportions, therefore square.
  27. ^CRW Flags -Vietnamese Constitutional Monarchist League - Movement for the Restoration of the Nguyen DynastyArchived September 25, 2021, at theWayback Machine (FlagArchived July 11, 2021, at theWayback Machine). Last modified: 2016-08-27 by Randy Young. Retrieved: 31 August 2021.
  28. ^"Lược thuật cờ quân sự tại Việt Nam". December 1, 2013. Archived from the original on December 1, 2013.
  29. ^Hymnes et pavillons d'Indochine (1941). Publisher: Imprimerie d’Extreme Orient,Hanoi,Tonkin,French Indochina. Page: 25. (in French).
  30. ^Alain R. Truong (October 16, 2013).""INDOCHINE. DES TERRITOIRES ET DES HOMMES, 1856–1956" au Musée de l'Armée, Hotel des Invalides. Le Prince Canh (1780–1801), prince-héritier et fils du « roi» de Cochinchine Nguyen Anh (futur Empereur Gia Long), lors de sa visite en France pour la signature du traité de Versailles 1787 – Maupérin © Paris, Missions étrangères de Paris" (in French). Canalblog.Archived from the original on July 31, 2021. RetrievedJuly 31, 2021.
  31. ^Anne-Sylvaine Marre-Noël (photograph) (September 15, 2017)."Animaux & guerres, épisode 10 : Le tigre" (in French).Musée de l'Armée. RetrievedJuly 31, 2021.Ce pavillon orné d'un tigre blanc a été ramené du Tonkin par l'armée française en 1885, avec huit autres drapeaux. Il est présenté sur l'une des corniches de la cathédrale Saint-Louis-des-Invalides. Les Pavillons noirs ont joué un rôle dans l'opposition à l'impérialisme français au Tonkin à la fin du XIXe siècle. Symbole de la domination et de la férocité pour les Chinois, le tigre blanc représente aussi l'ouest dans les points cardinaux ainsi qu'un des douze signes du zodiaque chinois. Il figure sur le carré des mandarins militaires du 4e rang (sur 9 rangs). Il est enfin associé à l'automne et à la couleur blanche dans les cinq éléments chinois.
  32. ^Thuat, Biệt Kích Nha Kỹ (August 7, 2011)."Biệt Kích Nha Kỹ Thuật: Đại Nhạc Hội Cám Ơn Anh Kỳ 5 / 2011 Nam California".Archived from the original on October 24, 2013. RetrievedSeptember 8, 2013.
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  40. ^"Thông tư số 12/2014/TT-BNNPTNT của Bộ Nông nghiệp và Phát triển nông thôn: Quy định biểu trưng, cờ hiệu, cờ truyền thống, trang phục, mẫu thẻ Kiểm ngư và màu sơn tàu, xuồng Kiểm ngư".Viet Nam Government Portal (in Vietnamese).Government of Vietnam.Archived from the original on March 8, 2024. RetrievedMarch 8, 2024.
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  42. ^"Chính trị - Xã hội - Bộ Chỉ huy Quân sự thành phố tổ chức Lễ trao cờ Tàu Hải đội dân quân thường trực".Đài Phát thanh - Truyền hình Đà Nẵng. RetrievedMarch 8, 2024.
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  47. ^H. Calvarin and M. Corbic inFrancia Vexillae #14/60 (June 1999). Quote: "Flag: plain blue, with white cross bearing in its center a red star.".
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  53. ^The chartFlags of Aspirant Peoples shows this flag as: 165. "Champa Independent Republic, 1965 (Chams) – Central Vietnam." (image).
  54. ^Indomemoires (Memoires de l'Indochine) –DU FLM AU FULRO, UNE LUTTE DES MINORITÉS DU SUD INDOCHINOIS – CR DE LECTURE PAR P.-E. BACHELET – 26/02/2013 – INDOMEMOIRES. Retrieved: July 10, 2021. (in French).
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  99. ^Phạm Quang Tuấn (December 5, 2014)."CỜ VÀNG SỌC ĐỎ CÓ TỪ THỜI VUA THÀNH THÁI?" (in Vietnamese). Văn Việt. RetrievedAugust 19, 2021.Vậy có thể kết luận, việc cờ vàng ba sọc đỏ (dù là quốc kỳ hay hoàng kỳ) có từ thời nhà Nguyễn hay từ thời Thành Thái có thể coi là một tin đồn vô căn cứ, và không hề có là quốc kỳ đó trước khi Quốc Gia Việt Nam được thiết lập năm 1948. Không nên vì nhân danh đấu tranh cho chính nghĩa mà dùng những ngụy tạo theo kiểu anh hùng Lê Văn Tám để bảo vệ quan điểm của mình. Làm như vậy không những vi phạm đạo đức mà còn không chóng thì chầy sẽ bị "backfire" (tác dụng ngược). Translation: "Therefore, it can be concluded that [the rumour about] the yellow flag with three red stripes (as either national flag or imperial flag) existing since theNguyễn dynasty orThành Thái's reign can be considered a baseless rumour, and there existed no such flag before theState of Vietnam's establishment in 1948. [One] should not, in the name of fighting for justice, use the fabrications (in the style of the "Hero Lê Văn Tám") to defend [one's] own viewpoints. Doing so is not only a violation ofacademic integrity, but will, sooner or later, 'backfire' (have the opposite effect)".
  100. ^"Vietnam",WorldStatesmen.org, archived on 10 March 2005 at Wayback Machine.

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