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Thelist of earlyGermanic peoples is a catalog of ancient Germanic cultures, tribal groups, and other alliances of Germanic tribes and civilizations from antiquity. This information is derived from various ancient historical sources, beginning in the 2nd century BC and extending intolate antiquity. By theEarly Middle Ages, early forms of kingship had started to shape historical developments across Europe, with the exception ofNorthern Europe. In Northern Europe, influences from theVendel Period (c.AD 550- 800) and the subsequentViking Age (c. AD 800- 1050) played a significant role in the germanic historical context.
The associations and locations of the numerous peoples and groups in ancient sources are often subject to heavy uncertainty and speculation, and classifications of ethnicity regarding a common culture or a temporary alliance of heterogeneous groups are disputed. It is uncertain whether certain groups are Germanic in the broader linguistic sense or whether they consisted of speakers of aGermanic language.
The names listed below are not terms for ethnic groups in any modern sense but the names of groups that were perceived in ancient and late antiquity as Germanic. It is essentially an inventory of peoples, groups, alliances and associations stretching from theBarbaricum region east of theRhine to the north of theDanube (also known asGermania), especially those that arrived during theMigration Period.
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The present list is largely based on the list of Germanic tribal names and its spelling variants contained in the first register of theReallexikons der Germanischen Altertumskunde.[1]
The first column contains the English name and its variants, if one is common, otherwise the traditional ancient name. The second column contains ancient names of Latin and Greek authors, the latter both in transcription and in Greek. The third column gives a brief description followed by a location.
The fifth column gives important sources of tradition for the group in question. The few main ancient sources for names and location of Germanic tribes are not linked. These are:
| Name | Ancient name | Description | Location | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | ||||
| Adogit | Hålogaland, the northernmostNorwegian Petty Kingdom. Between theNamdalen valley inNord-Trøndelag and theLyngen fjord inTroms. | Jordanes | ||
| Adrabaecampi | Adrabaikampoi (´Αδραβαικαμποι) | SeeKampoi | North of the Danube, south of Bohemia | Ptolemy |
| Aduatuci, Atuatuci | Aduatici, Atouatikoi (Ἀτουατικοί) | Left bank of the Rhine in the squad of the Belgian tribes against Caesar | In the first century BC in the area of today'sTongeren (Belgium), between theScheldt and theMeuse | Julius Caesar |
| Aelvaeones, Elouaiones, Elvaiones, Aelvaeones, Ailouaiones, Alouiones, Ailouones | Alouiones (Αλουίωνες), Helouaiones ('Ελουαίωνες) | SeeHelveconae | Presumably at the middleOder, today's Silesia | Tacitus,Ptolemy |
| Aglies | ||||
| Agradingun | Saxon tribe | Middle course of theWeser | ||
| Ahelmil | Scandza | Jordanes | ||
| Alemanni, Alamanni | Alamanni | From variousElbe Germanic tribes, among them probablySuebian tribes, armies and followers from the 3rd century on population group, which emerged from provincial Roman soil (Agri decumates) | Core areas inBaden-Württemberg andAlsace, inBavarian Swabia,German-speaking Switzerland,Liechtenstein andVorarlberg | |
| Ambrones, Obrones, Ymbre | Ambrones | Participation of tribal groups in thecalvacade of the Cimbri and the Teutons at the end of the 2nd century BC | North Sea Coast | |
| Amoþingas | ||||
| Ampsivarii, Ampsivari, Amsivarii, Amsivari | Ansibarii, Ansivaroi (Ἀνσιβαριοί) | Southern neighbours of the Frisii | 1st century in the lowerEmsland | Tacitus |
| Anartes, Anarti, Anartii, Anartoi | Anarti | Possibly Germanic tribe in the border area between the Teutons and the Dacians | Hungary or Romania | Julius Caesar |
| Angarii | SeeAngrivarii | |||
| Angeron | ||||
| Angisciri | Tribe in the wake ofDengizich | Jordanes | ||
| Angles, Anglians | Anglii, Angeiloi (Άγγειλοι), Angiloi (Άγγιλοι) | North Germanic people counted among theIngaevones by Tacitus | Originally inJutland (Schleswig-Holstein), later Mittelelb-Saale area, after 200 emigration toGreat Britain | Tacitus |
| Anglevarii, Angleverii, Anglevaries, Angleveries | ||||
| Anglies | ||||
| Anglo-Saxons | A collection of people from theAngles andSaxons, as well as theJutes andFranks, who originated onBritish soil | Southeastern England | ||
| Angrivarii, Angrevarii, Angrivari, Angrevari, Angarii, Angerii, Angrii, Angari, Angeri, Angri, Aggeri, Angriouarroi, Aggerimenses, Angerienses | Angrivarii, Angriouarioi (Αγγριουάριοι) | In the 1st century, south of theChauci, north of theCherusci, northwest of theDulgubnii and east of theAmpsivarii | On theWeser, mainly on the right bank, from the tributary of theAller to theSteinhuder Meer | |
| Aringon | ||||
| Armalausi, Armilausi | Probably a part of theHermunduri, in the 3rd and 4th centuries between theAlemanni and theMarcomanni | Possibly in the Upper Palatinate | Tabula Peutingeriana | |
| Arochi | ||||
| Arosaetan | ||||
| Ascomanni | Designation of theVikings atAdam of Bremen | |||
| Astfalon | ||||
| Atmoni | ||||
| Auarinoi | ||||
| Augandxii | ||||
| Augandzi | ||||
| Avarpi, Auarpoi, Avarni | ||||
| Aviones, Auiones, Chaibones | Aviones | |||
| B | ||||
| Baemi, Baimoi | ||||
| Bainaib | ||||
| Baiuvarii, Bavarii, Baioarii, Baiovarii | Bavarii | People formed towards the end of themigration of peoples in the 5th century, with a core area inRaetia andNoricum | Altbayern,Austria andSouth Tyrol | |
| Banochaemae, Bainochaimai | ||||
| Bardes, Bards, Bardi | Possibly group of theLombards, which didn't migrate south | South of the Elbe, in the area ofBardowick andLüneburg | ||
| Bardongavenses | ||||
| Bastarnae, Bastarni, Basternae | Bastarnae | Fights with the Romans in the 3rd century BC, presumably Germanic tribe predominates | East side of theCarpathian Mountains to the mouth of theDanube estuary | Polybius |
| Batavi, Batavii, Batavians | Batavi | Originally allies of the Romans in the province ofGallia Belgica, 69Revolt of the Batavi underGaius Julius Civilis | In the 1st century at the mouth of theRhine | |
| Bateinoi, Batini | Batini | |||
| Bergio | ||||
| Betasii, Baetasi | Baetasii | |||
| Boutones | ||||
| Brisgavi, Brisigavi | Brisgavi, Brisigavi | Alemannic tribe in the 5th century | Breisgau | |
| Brondings | ||||
| Bructeri, Boructuari, Boruactii, Borchtii | Bructeri, Boructuari, Broukteroi (Βρούκτεροι) | In the 1st century, opponents of the Romans in theBattle of the Teutoburg Forest | Between the middleEms and the upperLippe | |
| Bructuarii | ||||
| Bucinobantes | Bucinobantes | Alemannic tribe in the 4th century | Main estuary atMainz | Ammianus Marcellinus |
| Burgodiones | ||||
| Burgundians | Burgundiones | East Germanic people with late antique foundations on theRhine and later theRhone | ||
| Buri | Buri | |||
| C | ||||
| Caemani | Caemani, Paemani | |||
| Caeroesi, Caerosi | Caerosi, Caeroesi, Ceroesi, Cerosi | Left Rhine Celto-Germanic tribe | In the 1st century BC in theEifel-Ardennes area | Julius Caesar |
| Calucones | ||||
| Campsiani | ||||
| Cananefates, Canninefates, Caninefates, Canenefatae | Cannenefates, Canninefates, Cannenafates, Cannefates | In the 1st century, western neighbours of theBatavi | AroundVoorburg in South Holland | |
| Cantware | ||||
| Caracates. Caeracates | Possibly an old Northern German Celtic tribe of the Cimbri or a Vindelician tribe. Location unknown. | |||
| Carpi, Carpiani | Carpi, Carpiani | Southeastern European people, classification as Germanic is controversial | End of the 3rd century inMoesia andDacia | |
| Caritni | Ludwigshafen am Rhein | Ptolemy | ||
| Casuari | ||||
| Caulci | ||||
| Chaedini | Chaideinoi | |||
| Chaemae | ||||
| Chaetuori | Chaituoroi (Χαιτούωροι) | |||
| Chaibones, Aviones, Auiones | ||||
| Chaideinoi | ||||
| Chali | Chali | |||
| Chamavi | Chamavi, Chamauoi (Χαμαυοί) | Neighbours of theAngrivarii andDulgubnii, eventually went into theFranks | In the 1st century on the Lower Rhine | Tacitus |
| Charini, Charinni, Harii | Charini, Harii | |||
| Charudes | SeeHarudes | |||
| Chasuarii | SeeChattuarii | |||
| Chatti, Catti, Cattai, Cathi, Cathai, Chattai, Chatthi, Chatthai | Chatti, Catti, Cathi, Chattai (Χάτται), Chattoi (Χάττοι) | In the 1st century, neighbours of theSuebi, precursors of theHesse | Valleys of theEder,Fulda and the upper reaches of theLahn | |
| Chattuarii, Chasuarii, Hasuarii, Attuarii | Atthuarii, Attuarii, Chattouarioi (Χαττουάριοι) | |||
| Chatvores, Catvori? | Name is Greek or Latin in origin and means "bristle eater" | Upper Palatinate | Ptolemy | |
| Chaubi | Chauboi (Χαῦβοι) | |||
| Chauci | Chauki, Chauchi, Cauci, Kauchoi (Καῦχοι), Kaukoi (Καῦκοι) | Tribe countedIngaevones by Tacitus | On both sides of the lowerWeser | |
| Cherusci | Cherusci, Cherouskoi (Χεροῦσκοι), Chairouskoi (Χαιρουσκοί) | Tribe ofArminius, in the 1st century, opponents of the Romans | On both sides of the upperWeser run in East Westphalia and in Lower Saxony to theElbe | |
| Cilternsaetan, Ciltate/Ciltanati? | Possibly a tribe of Etruscan origin or a tribe named after the Roman Plebeian family Cilnii. | |||
| Cimbri | Combri, Cymbri, Cimbri, Kimbroi (Κίμβροι) | Along with theTeutons andAmbrones after 120 BC incidence inGaul and Italy | Originally probablyHimmerland,Jutland. Most consider this tribe a confederation of Northern German Celtic tribes before their defeat against the Romans. If Celtic most likely a Q-Celtic speaking people. | |
| Clondicus | Kloilios (Κλοίλιος), Claodikus | |||
| Cobandi | Jutland | |||
| Coldui | ||||
| Condrusi | Condrusi | Celtic-Germanic mixed culture | In the 1st century BC in the left bank of the Middle Rhine region | Julius Caesar |
| Corconti | Korkontoi | |||
| Crimean Goths | Descendants of theOstrogoths | From the middle of the 3rd century on theCrimean peninsula | ||
| Cugerni, Cuberni, Guberni | Cugerni, Cuberni | Tribe of theRhine-Weser Germanic peoples | In the 1st century in the left bank of the Lower Rhine (Kreis Kleve) | |
| Curiones | ||||
| D | ||||
| Daliterni | ||||
| Danduti | Dandutoi (Δανδοῦτοι) | |||
| Danes | Dani, Danoi (Δανοι) | From the 6th century inScania andJutland | Scania andJutland | Procopius,Jordanes |
| Danube Suebi | ||||
| Dauciones | Daukiones (Δαυκίωνες) | |||
| Deanas | ||||
| Deningei | ||||
| Derlingun | ||||
| Diduni | Diduni | |||
| Doelir | ||||
| Dorsaetan | Dornware | |||
| Dounoi | Δοῦνοι | |||
| Dulgubnii | Dulgubnii, Dulgitubini, Dulcubuni | In the 1st century, southeast of theAngrivarii and theChamavi | South ofHamburg in the area of theLüneburg Heath and all aroundCelle | Tacitus |
| E | ||||
| East Herules, Ostherules | ||||
| East Saxons | ||||
| Eburones | Eburones | Probably Celtic tribe, counted as Germanic people by Caesar | Between theRhine,Meuse,Rhineland,Northern Ardennes andEifel | |
| Elbe Germanic peoples | Archaeologically defined group of Germanic tribes (including theSemnones,Hermunduri,Quadi,Marcomanni andLombards) | From the Elbe estuary on both sides of the river to Bohemia and Moravia | ||
| Elbe Suebi | ||||
| Elmetsaetan | ||||
| Elouaiones | Ailouaiones (Αἰλουαίωνες), Alouiones (Αλουίωνες), Helouaiones ('Ελουαίωνες), Ailouones (Αἰλούονες), Helouones ('Ελουωνες) | |||
| Endoses | ||||
| Eudoses | Eudusii, Eudoses, Eduses, Edures, Eudures | |||
| Eunixi | ||||
| Eutes | seeJutes | |||
| Evagre | ||||
| F | ||||
| Falchovarii | ||||
| Fariarix | ||||
| Farodini | ||||
| Favonae | Favonae, Phauonai (Φαυόναι) | |||
| Færpingas | Feppingas | |||
| Fervir | ||||
| Finnaithae | Finnaithae | |||
| Firaesi | Phrisioi (Φρίσιοι), Phiraisoi (Φιραῖσοι) | |||
| Firðir | ||||
| Firihsetan | Virsedi | |||
| Fosi, Fosii | Fosi | Small neighbouring tribe of theCherusci, who perished with them | In the 1st century in the headwaters of theAller | |
| Franks | Large tribal union, which integrated numerous Germanic tribes in late antiquity | Right of the Rhine to the mouth of the Rhine estuary, from the 4th century onwards to Roman territory left of the Rhine | ||
| Frisiavones | Frisiavones, Frisaebones | Rhine delta | Pliny the Elder,Natural History 4,101; CIL 6, 3260 et al. | |
| Frisii, Frisians | Frisii | North Sea Germanic tribe, counted as theIngaevones by Tacitus | In the 1st century from the mouth of the Rhine to about theEms | Tacitus |
| Frugundiones | East of the Oder | Ptolemy | ||
| Frumtingas | ||||
| Fundusi | Jutland | |||
| G | ||||
| Gambrivii | Gambrivi | Probably near the Weser | Strabo,Tacitus | |
| Gautigoths | Gautigoth | Probably inVästergötland | Jordanes | |
| Geats | Goutai (Γου̑ται), Geatas,Getae | North Germanic people, often identified with the Goths | Southern Sweden | Ptolemy |
| Geddingas | ||||
| Gegingas | ||||
| Gepids | Gepidi, Gebidi, Gipedae | From the middle of the 5th century, empire-building on the middle Danube, possibly related to the Goths | Romania | Jordanes,Procopius |
| Gewisse, Gewissæ | Saxon ethnic group in Britain | At the end of the 5th century on the UpperThames in England | ||
| Gifle | ||||
| Gillingas | ||||
| Glomman | ||||
| Goths, Gotones, Gutones | Gutones | Split up during theMigration Period into theVisigoths andOstrogoths, each with their own imperial formations on Roman soil | At the turn of the day, north of theVistula knee | Jordanes |
| Gotthograikoi | ||||
| Graioceli | ||||
| Grannii | Granii | |||
| Greuthungi, Greuthungs, Greutungi, Greutungs | Greothingi, Grutungi, Grauthungi, Greutungi | Another name of theOstrogoths | Ammianus Marcellinus,Jordanes | |
| Guddinges | ||||
| Guiones | ||||
| Gumeningas | ||||
| Gutes, Gotlanders | ||||
| H | ||||
| Haddingjar | ||||
| Hadubardes,Heaðobeardan | ||||
| Háleygir | ||||
| Hallin | Hallin | |||
| Halogit | ||||
| Harii | Harii | Tribe of theLugii | Between theVistula and theOder | Tacitus |
| Harudes, Charudes, Harothes | Harudes, Charudes (Χαροῦδες), Arudes | In the 1st century BC, allies of theAriovistus against Caesar | According to Ptolemy in the middle of the 2nd century inHardsyssel,Jutland | Julius Caesar,Ptolemy |
| Hasdingi, Asdingi, Haddingjar | Tribe of theVandals | In the 2nd century inRomania andHungary | ||
| Hedeninge | ||||
| Heinir, Heiðnir | ||||
| Helisii | ||||
| Helusii | Hellusii | |||
| Helveconae, Helvaeonae, Helvecones, Helvaeones, Helouaiones | Helvecones | Tribe of theLugii | Between theVistula and theOder | Tacitus |
| Herefinnas | ||||
| Herminones, Erminones, Hermiones, Irminones | Herminones | Large group of Germanic people, occupying the middle between theIngaevones and theIstvaeones | Tacitus,Pliny the Elder,Pomponius Mela | |
| Hermunduri, Ermunduri, Hermanduri, Hermunduli, Hermonduri, Hermonduli | Ermunduri, Hermunduri | Elbe Germanic tribe | Upper reaches of theElbe | |
| Herules, Erules, Heruli, Eruli | Eruli, Erouloi (Ερουλοι) | Participants in the parades of the Goths | From the middle of the 3rd century on the north coast of theBlack Sea | |
| Hilleviones | Hilleviones | |||
| Holstens, Holcetae | ||||
| Holtsaeten | Holtsati | |||
| Hordar | ||||
| Hreiðgoths | ||||
| Hringar | ||||
| Hugones | ||||
| Hundingas | SeeHundings | Widsith | ||
| I | ||||
| Incriones, Inkriones | Inkriones (ιγκριονες) | Tribe of theRhine-Weser Germanic peoples, middle of the 2nd century, neighbours of theTencteri | Between theRhine and theTaunus | Ptolemy |
| Ingaevones, Ingvaeones, Ingwaeones, Inguaeones, Inguiones, Ingwines, Guiones | Ingvaeones, Ingaevones, Ingvaenoes, Inguaeones | Large group of Germanic tribes located on the North Sea coast by Tacitus | Tacitus,Pliny the Elder | |
| Inguiones | ||||
| Inguaii, Ingwaii | ||||
| Intuergi | Intouergoi, Intouergoi (Ιντουεργοι) | Between theRhine and theTaunus | Ptolemy | |
| Irminones, Herminones, Hermiones | ||||
| Istvaeones, Istaevones, Istriaones, Istriones, Sthraones | Istvaenoes, Istaevones | Large group of Germanic tribes located on the Rhine by Tacitus | Tacitus | |
| J | ||||
| Jutes, Eudoses, Eutes, Euthiones | Eurii, Eutii, Eucii, Euthiones | Originally inJutland, later in the south ofGreat Britain | Until the 5th century onJutland | |
| Juthungi | Iouthungi, Iuthungi | Probably anAlemannic tribe | From the 3rd to the 5th century, north of the Danube andAltmühl | |
| K | ||||
| Kampoi, Campi, Campes | Kampoi (Κάμποι) | Group of unclear designation north of theDanube and south ofBohemia in the 2nd century | Ptolemy | |
| Kvenir, Kvanes | ||||
| L | ||||
| Lacringi | ||||
| Landoudioi, Landi | Landi, Landoudioi | From the 1st century on theLahn inMiddle Hesse | Strabo,Ptolemy | |
| Lemovii, Lemonii | Lemovii | To Tacitus, neighbours of theRugii andGoths | From the 1st century, southern Baltic Sea coast between theOder and theVistula | |
| Lentienses, Linzgau | Lentienses | Alemannic tribe | Mid-3rd century between the Danube in the north,Iller in the east andLake Constance in the south | Ammianus Marcellinus |
| Levoni | ||||
| Liothida | ||||
| Little Goths | Gothi minores | Group of theGoths,Ulfilas tribe, at the time of the Jordanes in the area of Nicopolis inMoesia | South bank of the lower Danube | Jordanes |
| Lombards, Longobards, Langobards, Winili, Winnili, Winnilers | Langobardi, Langobardoi (Λαγγοβάρδοι) | Part of theSuebi, from the middle of the 6th century founding of the empire in Italy (Kingdom of the Lombards) | In the 1st century BC on the lowerElbe | |
| Lugii, Lygii | Lugii, Lúgioi | |||
| M | ||||
| Maiates, Maiati | ||||
| Manimi | Manimi | Tribe of theLugii | Between theVistula and theOder | Tacitus |
| Marcomanni | Marcomanni | Possibly a tribe of theSuebi, from the middle of the 2nd century, opponents of the Romans in theMarcomannic Wars | In the 1st century inBohemia | |
| Marezaten | ||||
| Marobudui | ||||
| Marsaci | ||||
| Marsi, Marsigni | Marsi, Marsoí (Μαρσοί), Marsigni | Destroyed after participation in theBattle of the Teutoburg Forest in the year 14 byGermanicus | Between the Rhine,Ruhr andLippe | |
| Marvingi | Marouingoi | Lower Saxony/North Rhine-Westphalia | Ptolemy | |
| Mattiaci | Mattiaci, Mattiakoi (Ματτιακοί) | Probably a part of theChatti, Romanised from the 1st century | AroundWiesbaden, in theTaunus and in theWetterau | |
| Menapii, Manapi | Menapii | Celtic-Germanic mixed people, subjugated by Caesar in the 1st century BC inGallia Belgica | Lower Rhine,Flanders | Julius Caesar |
| Merscware | ||||
| Mimmas | ||||
| Mixi | Called by Jordanes as residents ofScandza | Scandinavia | Jordanes | |
| Moselle Franks, Mosellians | Subset of theFranks, separated from theRipuarian Franks in the 5th century | Upper Rhine andMoselle | ||
| Mugilones | Mougilones | |||
| Myrgingas | East Frisian part of the Frisii, who settled around 700 in Nordfriesland | Nordfriesland, Tönnern, Rungholdt | Widsith | |
| N | ||||
| Nahanarvali, Naharvali | Nahanarvali, Naharvali | Tribe of theLugii | Between theVistula and theOder | Tacitus |
| Narisci, Naristi, Varisti, Varasci, Varisci | Naristi, Varisti, Varistae | Neighbours of theMarcomanni,Quadi andArmalausi | Upper Palatinate,Upper Franconia andNorth Bohemia | Tacitus |
| Neckar Suebi | Suebi Nicrenses | Romanised tribe of theSuebi | In the 1st and 2nd century in the area ofLadenburg | |
| Nemetes | Nemetai (Νεμῆται) | (Probably Germanic) allies of theAriovistus | In the 1st century BC on the Rhine betweenLake Constance andPalatinate | Julius Caesar |
| Nertereanes | ||||
| Nervii | Nervii | Celtic tribe. According toStrabo they were originally Germanic and according toTacitus they claimed Germanic descent.[2][3] | In theGallia Belgica between theMeuse and theScheldt in the north and the west of today'sBelgium | Julius Caesar,Tacitus |
| Nictrenses | ||||
| Nistresi | ||||
| Njars | ||||
| Nordliudi | ||||
| Normans | Collective name for the Northern European Germanic tribes, which undertook raids in the 8th and 11th century to the south (England, Ireland, Francia, Sicily and the Mediterranean, present-day Russia), also synonymous with theVikings | |||
| North Suebi | ||||
| Nuithones, Nuitones | Probably a misprint ofTeutones | |||
| O | ||||
| Omanii | ||||
| Ostrogoths | Ostrogothi, Ostrogoti, Ostrogotae, Ostrogothae, Austrogothi | Part of theGoths, first inPannonia, then empire-building in Italy | Jordanes | |
| Otingis | ||||
| P | ||||
| Paemani, Permani | Paemani, Caemani | Left Rhine Celto-Germanic people | Eifel,Ardennes | Julius Caesar |
| Parmaecampi | Parmaikampoi (Παρμαικαμπο) | SeeKampoi | North of the Danube in Bavaria | Ptolemy |
| Peucini | Part of theBastarnae | Tacitus | ||
| Peucmi | ||||
| Phalians | Constructed tribe as Germanic "natives" of Westphalia and Eastphalia | |||
| Pharodini | Pharadinoi | Mecklenburg | ||
| Q | ||||
| Quadi | Quadi | Tribe of theSuebi, participants of theMarcomannic Wars | Tacitus | |
| Quirounoi? | Possibly a mistaken transliteration of the Greek name Ούίρουνοι = Oúírounoi; O and not Q, mistaken O for a Q? Initial Greek Ou = W;Viruni in Latin; possibly a variant ofVarini? Ουαρίνοι – Ouarínoi = Warínoi | |||
| R | ||||
| Raetovari | Raetobarii | Alemannic tribe | Probably inNördlinger Ries | |
| Ragnaricii, Ranii | ||||
| Raumarici | ||||
| Reudigni, Reudinges, Reudinges, Reudingi, Holstens | Randers | |||
| Ripuarian Franks, Ripuarians, Ripuarii, Rhinefranks, Rhine Franks | Subset of theFranks in theMiddle Rhine | |||
| Rosomoni | Rosomoni | |||
| Routiklioi | ||||
| Rugii, Rygir, Rugians | Rugii | Moved in theMigration Period with theGoths to the south | Originally between theVistula and theOder, later empire-building inLower Austria | |
| Rus' | SeeVarangians | |||
| S | ||||
| Sabalingioi | Sabalingioi | Jutland | ||
| Sahslingun | ||||
| Salian Franks, Salians | Salii | Part of theFranks | Originally from theLower Rhine to theSalland on theIJssel, then inNorth Brabant and later in theTournai area | |
| Saxons | Saxones | West Germanic people's Association of theChauci,Angrivarii andCherusci | From the 1st century in northwest Germany and the east of the Netherlands | |
| Scopingun | ||||
| Scordisci | Related to theBastarnae according to Titus Livy | Šar Mountains toSingidunum in the Balkans | Titus Livy | |
| Scotelingun | ||||
| Sedusii | Sedusii | Ally of theAriovistus, classified by Caesar as Germanic | Julius Caesar | |
| Segni | Segni | |||
| Semnones | Semnones (Σεμνόνες) | Part of theSuebi, their tribe, according to Tacitus | Around 100 between theElbe and theOder from the Bohemian border to theHavel | Tacitus |
| Sibini | Sibinoer | |||
| Sicambri | Sugambri | |||
| Sidini | Western Pomerania | |||
| Sidones | ||||
| Sigambres | SeeSugambri | |||
| Silingi, Silings | Silingae | Part of theVandals | Silesia, laterAndalusia | |
| Singulones | Sigulones | Jutland | ||
| Sitones, Sithones | Neighbours of theSuiones | ProbablyScandinavia | Tacitus | |
| Sciri | Moved with theBastarnae to the south, in the 5th century short imperial formation inPannonia | |||
| Steoringun | ||||
| Sturii | Sturii | |||
| Sturmarii | Sturmera | |||
| Suarines, Suardones | Suarines, Suarmes, Smarines | Tribe of theSuebi | AroundLake Schwerin inMecklenburg | |
| Suebi, Suevi, Suavi, Suevians, Swabians | Suebi, Suewi, Sueboi (Σύηβοι) | Important Germanic tribal group, to which according to Tacitus theSemnones,Marcomanni,Hermunduri,Quadi andLombards belonged | In the northeast ofGermania on the Baltic Sea up to the German Central Uplands | Tacitus |
| Suetides | ||||
| Sugambri, Sigambri, Sugambi, Sigambri | Sugambri, Sygambri, Sugambroi (Σύγαμβροι), Sugumbri, Sucambri, Sycambres, Sugameri | 7 BC defeated byTiberius and settled on the left of the Rhine | In the 1st century left-bank areas on theMeuse | |
| Suiones, Suones, Sueones, Suehans, Sweones, Swiones, Sviones | Suiones | Northern European sea people described by Tacitus | Possibly Scandinavia | |
| Sulones | ||||
| Sunuci, Sinuci, Sunici | Sunuci | Possibly precursors of theUbii | In the 1st and 2nd century in theRhineland betweenAachen andJülich | |
| Swedes, Svear | Svea | North Germanic tribe | Svealand in the region of theMälaren river valley as well asUppland,Gästrikland,Västmanland andSödermanland | |
| T | ||||
| Taetel | ||||
| Taifals | Taifali, Taifalae, Theifali | Probably a Germanic tribe in the group of the Visigoths | From the 3rd century inDacia andMoesia | |
| Tencteri, Tenchteri, Tenctheri | Tencteri, Toncteri, Tenkteroi (Τέγκτηροι) | Northern neighbours of theUsipetes, opponents of Caesar | In the 1st century BC on the Lower Rhine | |
| Thervingi, Tervingi, Teruingi | Tervingi | SeeVisigoths | ||
| Thelir | Thilir, Þilir, teler, telar | The Migration Period and the Viking Age | The region now known asUpper Telemark in modern Norway | |
| Teuriochaimai | ||||
| Teutonoari | Unterelbe (Lower Elbe) | |||
| Teutons | Teutoni, Teutones | Together with theCimbri and theAmbrones after the 120 BC invasion ofGaul and Italy | OriginallyThy,Jutland, south of the Cimbri | |
| Texuandri | ||||
| Theustes | ||||
| Thiadmariska | Thiadmariski | |||
| Thuringii, Thuringians, Turingi, Toringi | Thueringi, Tueringi, Thuringin, Turingi | In the 3rd or 4th century from theAngles,Warini and other originating tribal groups | Between theThuringian Forest,Werra,Harz and theElbe | |
| Texandri, Texuandri, Taxandri, Toxandrians | Between the rivers Meuse and Scheldt in the Belgian-Dutch border region[4] | |||
| Treveri, Treviri | Treverii, Treviri, Treveri | Celtic tribe that claimed Germanic descent.[5][3] | From theRhine[6] to the land of theRemi | Julius Caesar,Tacitus |
| Triboci, Tribocci | Triboces, Triboci, Tribocci, Tribochi, Tribocchoi (Τριβόκχοι) | In the 1st century BC, allies of theAriovistus | On the Rhine aroundStrasbourg andHaguenau | Julius Caesar,Ptolemy |
| Tubantes, Tubanti | Tubanti, Tubantes, Toubantoi (Τούβαντοι) | In the 1st century, opponents ofGermanicus | End of the migration period in the eastern Netherlands in theTwente region | Tacitus |
| Tulingi | Possibly Celto-Germanic tribe | Julius Caesar | ||
| Tungri, Tungrians, Tungrii, Tongri | Tungri, Tongri | Opponents of Caesar in the 1st century BC | Left side of the Rhine aroundTongeren | Julius Caesar,Tacitus |
| Turcilingi, Torcilingi, Thorcilingi | Turcilingae | |||
| Turones, Turoni | Turoni | Possibly Celto-Germanic tribe, south and later southeast of theChatti (see Thuringii above) | Ptolemy | |
| Twihanti, Twihantes, Tuihanti, Tuihantes | Tuihanti | |||
| Tylangii | ||||
| U | ||||
| Ubii | Ubii | Originally east of the Rhine, subjected to Caesar and from the early imperial period on the west bank of the Rhine and Romanised | Originally from theSieg over theLahn to the lowerMain, later in the area ofBonn andCologne | |
| Ulmerugi | ||||
| Urugundes | Incursions around 256 into the Roman Empire | Lower Danube | Zosimus | |
| Usipetes, Usipii | Usipetes, Usipii, Ousipetai (Ουσιπέται), Ousipioi (Ουσίπιοι) | In the 1st century BC, opponents of Caesar | On the right bank of the Lower Rhine | |
| V | ||||
| Vagoths | Probably onGotland | |||
| Valagoths | ||||
| Vandals | Vandali, Vanduli, Vandaloi (Οὐανδαλοί), Wandeloi (Βανδῆλοι), Wandiloi (Βανδίλοι) | Originally in the northeasternGermania, during the Migration Period in Spain and North Africa, plunder of Rome 455 | ProbablyVendsyssel | |
| Vangiones | Vangiones | Affiliation to Celts or Germanic peoples uncertain | Area aroundWorms, Germany (Civitas Vangionum) | |
| Varangians | Similar to theVikings' andNormans' name for the northern European Germanic people, who came on their journeys into contact with Slavic peoples (there also asRus') and over the Volga and the Black Sea to Byzantium | |||
| Varini | SeeWarini | |||
| Varisci | ||||
| Victophalians | ||||
| Vidivarii | Vidivarii | According to Jordanes, a mixed people | At the mouth of theVistula | Jordanes |
| Vinoviloth | ||||
| Viruni | Mecklenburg | |||
| Visburgii | Wisburgi | Between the Upper Oder and the Vistula[7] | ||
| Visigoths, Thervingi | Visigothi, Wisigothae, Tervingi | Part of theGoths, plunder of Rome 410,Visigothic Kingdom in southwestern Gaul and Spain | Jordanes | |
| Vispi | South of Caritner | |||
| Vistula Veneti, Baltic Veneti, Veneti | Venedi, Venetae, Venedae | Possibly Germanic people in eastern Germania | ||
| W | ||||
| Waledungun | ||||
| Warini, Varini | Varini, Varinae, Ouarinoi (Ουαρίνοι) | Smaller, according to Tacitus, unwarlike tribe | Northern Germany,Warnemünde | Tacitus |
| West Herules, Westherules | Independent group of theHerules on the Black Sea, which looks like Roman auxiliary troops and in the 5th century like pirates in appearance | |||
| Winnilers, Winnili, Winili | SeeLombards | |||
| X | ||||
| Y | ||||
| Z | ||||
| Zumi | ||||
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Eight tribes or peoples are only mentioned by the Old MainlandSaxon wandering bard, of theMyrgingas tribe, namedWidsith –Aenenes;Baningas;Deanas (they are differentiated from theDanes);Frumtingas;Herefaran;Hronas orHronan;Mofdingas andSycgas (not to be confused withSecgan, short name for the work inOld English calledOn the Resting-Places of the Saints aboutsaints' resting places inEngland).
Many of the authors relating ethnic names of Germanic peoples speculated concerning their origin, from the earliest writers to approximately theRenaissance. One cross-cultural approach over this more than a millennium of historical speculation was to assign aneponymous ancestor of the same name as, or reconstructed from, the name of the people. For example,Hellen was the founder of theHellenes.
Although someEnlightenment historians continued to repeat these ancient stories as though fact, today they are recognised as manifestly mythological. There was, for example, no Franko, or Francio, ancestor of the Franks. The convergence of data from history, linguistics and archaeology have made this conclusion inevitable. A list of the mythical founders of Germanic peoples follows.
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