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Glossary of anarchism

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Anarchism
"Circle-A" anarchy symbol
This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byadding missing items withreliable sources.

The following is a list of terms specific to anarchists.Anarchism is a political and social movement which advocatesvoluntary association in opposition toauthoritarianism andhierarchy.

A

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Acracy
The negation of rule or "government by none". While "anarchy" refers to the absence of ahierarchical society-organizingpower principle, "acracy" refers to the absence ofcoercion; the condition of acracy is one of voluntaryorder. Derived from theGreek α- [no] and κρατία [system of government].
Adhocracy
A form of organic organization according to which different parts of an organization are temporarily assembled to meet the requirements of that particular point in time.[1]
Affinity group
A small non-hierarchical collective of individuals who collaborate ondirect action viaconsensus decision-making.[2]
Anarch
Coined byErnst Jünger, this refers to the ruler (i.e. individual) in a state of anarchy analogous to themonarch in a state ofmonarchy, a conception influenced byMax Stirner's notion of thesovereign individual.[3]
Anarchism without adjectives
A form of anarchism which does not declare affiliation with any specific subtype of anarchism (as may be suffixed to anarcho- or anarcha-), instead positioning itself as pluralistic, tolerant of allanarchist schools of thought.[4]
Anarchy
Derived from theAncient Greek ἀν (without) + ἄρχειν (to rule) "withoutarchons," "without rulers".[5]
Anomie
Social disorder and civil war in an absence of government, used to separate anarchy as in social orderand absence of government.
Ansoc
Clipping ofanarcho-socialism and/or anarcho-socialist used in informal discourse, particularly inblogs or otherinternet forums.
Anti-systemic library
A library which is not organised hierarchically and that has nocatalogue. The concept is influenced by the ideas of theSituationists.
Autonomism
A set of radical left-wing political movements inWestern Europe which emerged in the late 20th century.
Archon
A Greek word meaning "ruler"; the absence of archons and archy (rule) defines a state ofanarchy. Derived from the Ancient Greek άρχων, pl. άρχοντες.

B

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Biennio rosso
The "two red years" of political agitation, strikes and land occupation byItalian workers in 1919 and 1920.[6]
Black anarchism
A political philosophy primarily ofAfrican-Americans, opposed to what it sees as the oppression ofpeople of colour by thewhiteruling class through the power of thestate.[7]
Black bloc
Anaffinity group, or cluster of affinity groups that assembles duringprotests,demonstrations, or other forms ofdirect action. Black blocs are noted for the distinctive all-black clothing worn by members to conceal theiridentity and for their intentional defiance of stateproperty law.[8][9]
Bourse du Travail
A distinctively French form of working class organization of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,bourses du travail promotedmutual aid, education, andself-organization amongst their members.[10]

C

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Companion
A term used to speak about a fellow anarchist, akin to 'comrade' in communism and aformer organizational structure of anarchism.[11][12][13]
Consensus decision-making
Aparticipatorydecision making process for collectives that seeks the resolution or mitigation of minority objections (according to the principle ofinclusivity) as well as theagreement of the majority of participants.[14][15][16]
Cost the limit of price
A maxim coined byindividualist anarchistJosiah Warren (1798–1874) to express anormative conception of thelabor theory of value—that is, that the price of a good or service should never exceed its cost.[17]
Counter-economics
Abbreviation of "counter-establishment economics", a concept inagorist theory of the use and advocacy ofblack andgrey markets and theunderground economy to erode the moral authority of and the perceived necessity for thestate.

D

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…When a revolutionary situation develops, counter-institutions have the potential of functioning as a real alternative to the existing structure and reliance on them becomes as normal as reliance on the old authoritarian institutions. This is when counter-institutions constitutedual power.

Dual power is a state of affairs in which people have created institutions that fulfill all the useful functions formerly provided by the state. The creation of a general state of dual power is a necessary requirement for a successful revolution…

Love and Rage Revolutionary Anarchist Federation New York Local Member Handbook; June, 1997.[18]
Dispute resolution organization (DRO)
A private (or possibly cooperative) organization specialized in resolving disputes that would arise in an anarchical society (similar to aPDA).[19]
Diversity of tactics
A united front of solidarity between participants who disagree on specific choice of tactics. For instance, during a protest action, demonstrators can create zones with varying degrees of tactical risk, rather than imposing a single code.[20]
Dual power
The concept ofrevolution through the creation of "counter-institutions" in place of and in opposition to state power.[18] Used inanarcho-communist discourse, it is distinct from theearlier use of the phrase by non-anarchist communists such asVladimir Lenin.
Dumpster diving
Physically searching through the discarded belongings in adumpster or other trash receptacle, with the intention of salvaging useful material such asfood orinformation.[21]

E

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Epistemological anarchism
A theory in thephilosophy of science advanced byPaul Feyerabend which holds that there are no useful and exception-free rules governing theprogress of science, and that the pragmatic approach is aDadaistic "anything goes" attitude ofmethodological pluralism.[22]

F

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Food rescue
The practice of retrieving edible food that would otherwise go to waste and distributing it to those in need.[23]
Free school
Adecentralized network in which skills, information and knowledge are shared with neither thesocial hierarchy nor the institutional environment of formal schooling.
Free soviets
Following the Russian Revolution, the concept ofworkers' councils (soviets) that were self-governing and free from party control.[24]
Freeganism
Ananti-consumerist lifestyle according to which participants attempt to restrict their consumption of natural resources and participation in the conventional economy to using salvaged and discarded goods.[25]
Freigeld
Amonetary system in theFreiwirtschaft theory, according to whichunits of currency retain their value or lose it at a certain rate, makinginflation and profiting frominterest impossible.Freigeld is aGerman phrase with the literal meaning "free money".[26]

G

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Give-away shop
Second-hand stores where all goods are free. An example of agift economy.[27]
Guerrilla gardening
Nonviolentdirect action whereby disused plots are converted togardens without seeking the permission of the putative property owners.[28] Related:squatting.

H

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Haymarket Martyrs
The seven anarchists tried and executed for the murder of a Chicago policeman during theHaymarket affair.[29]
Haymarket Tragedy
SeeHaymarket Martyrs
Hierarchy
Seesocial hierarchy
Horizontalidad (alsoHorizontalism)
A form of non-hierarchical social organization which utilisesdirect democracy andconsensus decision-making.[30]

I

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Interior of the Left Bank Booksinfoshop inSeattle, Washington, in 2006. An infoshop is a nexus forinformation exchange among anarchists.
Illegalism
A doctrine which rejects allmoral obligations and governmentallaw in favour of the satisfaction of one's own desires.[31] Pioneered by theBonnot Gang inFrance and heavily influenced by theindividualist anarchistphilosophy of Max Stirner.[31]
Immediatism
A philosophy which demands the embracing of immediate social interactions with people as a means of countering theantisocial consequences of consumeristcapitalism.[32]
Individual reclamation (reprise individuelle)
A form of direct action that advocates for criminal acts in service of a cause. Influenced by Bolshevik theory.[33]
Infoshop
A space (often asocial center) that serves as a node for anarchists involved with radical movements andcountercultures for trading publications (typically books,zines, stickers and posters), meeting and networking with similar individuals and groups.[34] The primary directive of an infoshop is thedissemination of information.[35] Related:zine library.
Invisible dictatorship
Avanguardist organisation ofrevolutionaries first proposed byMikhail Bakunin.[36]

J

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Jurisdictional arbitrage
Exploitation of differences in national laws and regulations[37] to maximiseliberty. Related:dynamic geography,panarchism.

K

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Kabouters
Dutch anarchists influenced byPeter Kropotkin who sought to promote awareness of alternatives to authoritarian and capitalist solutions to social problems in 1960sAmsterdam.[38]

L

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Land and liberty
A slogan expressing the desire of freedom from landowners originally used by the revolutionary leaders of theMexican Revolution.Spanish:Tierra y Libertad,Russian: Земля и ВоляZemlya i Volya.
Law of equal liberty
A doctrine asserting that each individual has the right to assert their fullest liberty to act so long as it does not extend them greater liberty than any other individual. Named byHerbert Spencer.
Lifestylism
Anarchists who prioritize cultural and identity protest over class struggle politics. Associated withMurray Bookchin's1995 essay in pejorative reference toanarcho-primitivists,poststructural anarchists, andindividualists/egoists.[39]
Lois scélérates
Apejorative term for a set of French laws passed during 1893–1894 restricting thefreedom of the anarchist press in the aftermath of an outbreak ofpropaganda of the deed.

M

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TheModern School inNew York City, circa 1911–12. Anarchist philosopher and radical historianWill Durant stands on the steps with his pupils.
Makhnovshchina
Mass movement to establish anarchist-communism in Ukraine, led by the Ukrainian anarchist revolutionaryNestor Makhno (1888–1934) and his followers in theRevolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine.
Modern School
Americanschools formed in the early 20th century based on the ideas of educator and anarchistFrancesc Ferrer i Guàrdia and modelled after hisEscuela Moderna.[40]
Mutual aid
The voluntary reciprocal exchange of resources and services for mutual benefit. Related:gift economy,voluntarism.

N

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Netwar
Low-intensity social conflict employing a network structure for organisational control and communication.[41] Related:Security culture.

P

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Panarchy (political philosophy)
Participatory politics
Polycentric law
Main article:Polycentric law
Popular assembly
Main article:Popular assembly
Post-left
Main article:Post-left anarchy
Prefigurative politics
Primitivist
Used interchangeably withanarcho-primitivist.
Propaganda of the deed
Property is theft!
Main article:Property is theft!
Provo
Main article:Provo (movement)
Punk house
Main article:Punk house

R

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Radical cheerleading
Really Really Free Market
Afree market based on the principle ofgift economics whereby participants bring gifts and resources to share with one another, withoutmoney being exchanged.[42] Related:participatory economics,voluntary association.
Refusal of work
Main article:Refusal of work
Responsible autonomy
Revolutionary spontaneity
Rewilding
Reprise individuelle

S

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Samizdat—the production of literature banned by the former communist governments of eastern Europe; the term is a play on the term for the Soviet state press, and translates to "self-publishing." Throughout the greater part of the twentieth century, the best literature, philosophy, and history in the Soviet Union and its satellite states was copied by photo-reproduction and distributed through underground channels—just as it is here in the United States today.

Seasteading
The creation of permanent dwellings on the ocean, analogous tohomesteading on land. A seastead is a structure meant for permanent occupation on the ocean.[44]
Security culture
Secrecy practiced by anaffinity group which engages in illegal activities, and its precautions to avoid surveillance or infiltration by law enforcement.[45] Related:direct action,netwar
Social center
Main article:Social center
Social ecology
Social hierarchy
Main article:Social hierarchy
Social revolution
Main article:Social revolution
Somatherapy
Main article:Somatherapy
Spokescouncil
Main article:Spokescouncil
Spontaneous order
Main article:Spontaneous order
Street reclamation
Main article:Street reclamation
Swaraj
Main article:Swaraj

T

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TANSTAAFL
Acronym coined bylibertarian science fiction writerRobert A. Heinlein inThe Moon Is a Harsh Mistress for "There Ain't No Such Thing As A Free Lunch". Used to express scepticism towards socialist economics.[46]
Tragic Week
The name given to a series of violent confrontations between the Spanish army and the anarchist-backed working classes inCatalunyan cities from July 25-August 2, 1909.[47]
Trial of the thirty
Ashow trial in 1894 inParis aimed at legitimizing thelois scélérates passed in 1893–1894 against theFrench anarchist movement and atrestricting press freedom by proving the existence of an effective association between anarchists.[48] French:Procès des trente

V

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Veganarchism
Thepolitical philosophy ofveganism (more specificallyanimal liberation) andanarchism, creating a combinedpraxis as a means forsocial revolution.
Voluntarism
The use of or reliance on voluntary action to maintain an institution, carry out a policy, or achieve an end.[49]
Voluntaryism
Apolitical philosophy which advocatesvoluntary association as the foundation of society, and opposescoercion andaggression.

W

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The abolition ofwage slavery has been a stated goal of unions like theIndustrial Workers of the World.
Wage slavery
A term which asserts a similarity betweenslavery—the ownership and control of one person by another—andwage labour.[50]
Workers' self-management
A form of workplace decision-making in which the workers rather than professional managers decide on issues related to the operation of the business.[51]

Z

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Zenarchy
Compound ofzen and "archy". Thesocial order which arises frommeditation. As a doctrine, zenarchism is the belief that "universal enlightenment" is a prerequisite to the abolition of thestate.[52]
Zine
A low-circulation, non-commercialperiodical of original orappropriated texts and images. Usually reproduced viaphotocopier on a variety of colored paper stock.
Zine library
Arepository of zines and other associated artifacts, such assmall press books. Zine libraries are typically run on a minimal budget, and have a close association withinfoshops and other forms ofDIY culture andindependent media.

See also

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For a list of words relating to Anarchism, see theAnarchism category of words inWiktionary, the free dictionary.

References

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  1. ^Alvesson, Mats (1995).Management of Knowledge-Intensive Companies. Walter De Gruyter Inc. p. 93.ISBN 978-3110128659.
  2. ^Recipes for Disaster, p.28-31
  3. ^Warrior, Waldgänger, Anarch: An essay on Ernst Jünger's concept of the sovereign individualArchived 2008-06-09 at theWayback Machine by Abdalbarr Braun. Retrieved 22 December 2007.
  4. ^Esenwein, George Richard "Anarchist Ideology and the Working Class Movement in Spain, 1868–1898" [p. 135]
  5. ^AnarchyMerriam-Webster's Online dictionary
  6. ^Macdonald, Hamish (1998).Mussolini and Italian Fascism. Trans-Atlantic Publications. p. 17.ISBN 978-0748733866.
  7. ^Daquan, Bridger (2007).Delusion Addiction. Trafford Publishing. p. 118.ISBN 978-1425117696.
  8. ^"Blocs, Black and Otherwise".Crimethinc.com.CrimethInc. 20 November 2003. Retrieved2008-08-05.
  9. ^ACME Collective,A communique from one section of the black bloc of N30 in Seattle.
  10. ^Ogg, Frederic Austin (1917).Economic development of modern Europe.New York:The Macmillan company. p. 464.OCLC 603770.
  11. ^Testard, François (2024)."Le non-recours intentionnel aux minima sociaux : sociologie d'expériences radicales".Transversales (in French) (24): 8.
  12. ^Bouhey 2009, p. 68-81.
  13. ^Bouhey 2009, p. 93-100.
  14. ^Cohn, Jesse (2006).Anarchism and the Crisis of Representation. Selinsgrove Pa.: Susquehanna University Press. p. 207.ISBN 978-1575911052.
  15. ^Graeber, David (2007). "The Twilight of Vanguardism". In Macphee, Josh (ed.).Realizing the Impossible. Stirling:AK Press.ISBN 978-1904859321.
  16. ^Antliff, Allan (2004).Only a Beginning.Arsenal Pulp Press. p. 99.ISBN 978-1551521671.
  17. ^Tucker, Benjamin R., "State Socialism and AnarchismArchived 1999-01-17 at theWayback Machine",Individual Liberty, Vanguard Press, New York, 1926
  18. ^abJarach, Lawrence (Winter 2002–2003)."Anarcho-Communists, Platformism, and Dual Power: Innovation or Travesty?".Anarchy: A Journal of Desire Armed (54). Retrieved2008-08-02.
  19. ^Molyneux, Stefan (October 24, 2005)."The Stateless Society".LewRockwell.com. Retrieved2008-08-02.
  20. ^Starr, Amory (May 2006). "' (Excepting Barricades Erected to Prevent Us from Peacefully Assembling)': So-called 'Violence' in the Global North Alterglobalization Movement".Social Movement Studies.5 (1):61–81.doi:10.1080/14742830600621233.ISSN 1474-2837.S2CID 146798880.
  21. ^Dubrawsky, Ido (2007).How to Cheat at Securing Your Network. Syngress. p. 50.ISBN 978-1597492317.
  22. ^Feyerabend, Paul (1993).Against Method. London: Verso.ISBN 9780860916468.
  23. ^Levinson, David, ed. (2004).Encyclopedia of Homelessness. Thousand Oaks. p. 286.ISBN 978-0761927518.
  24. ^Graziosi, Andrea (1996).The Great Soviet Peasant War: Bolsheviks and Peasants, 1917–1933. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. p. 25.ISBN 978-0-916458-83-6.OCLC 40684852.
  25. ^Kurutz, Steven (June 21, 2007)."Not Buying It".The New York Times. Retrieved2007-06-21.the small but growing subculture of anticonsumerists who call themselves freegans — the term derives from vegans, the vegetarians who forsake all animal products, as many freegans also do
  26. ^Zweig, Ferdynand (1934).The Economics of Consumers' Credit. London: P. S. King & Son. p. 7.OCLC 5358381.
  27. ^Logs : micro-fondements d'émancipation sociale et artistique. Maisons-Alfort, France : Ére, [2005- ].ISBN 2-915453-04-7OCLC 60370621 p.20
  28. ^Notes from Nowhere (2003).We Are Everywhere. London: Verso. p. 150.ISBN 978-1859844472.
  29. ^Foner, Philip S., ed. (1969).The Autobiographies of the Haymarket Martyrs. New York: Pathfinder Press. p. 13.ISBN 978-0873488792.
  30. ^Sitrin, Marina (2006).Horizontalism. Stirling:AK Press.ISBN 978-1904859581.
  31. ^abParry, Richard (1987). "From illegality to illegalism".The Bonnot Gang. London: Rebel Press. p. 15.ISBN 978-0946061044.
  32. ^Bey, Hakim (1994).Immediatism.AK Press.ISBN 978-1873176429.
  33. ^Armstrong-Myers, Katy (1989). "Review of THE BONNOT GANG".Socialist Lawyer (9): 20.ISSN 0954-3635.JSTOR 42950027.
  34. ^Filippo, Roy (2003).A New World in Our Hearts. Stirling:AK Press. p. 69.ISBN 978-1902593616.
  35. ^Curran, James (2003).Contesting Media Power. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 57.ISBN 978-0742523852.
  36. ^Clark, John P. (2004).Anarchy, Geography, Modernity. Lexington: Lexington Books. pp. 63–64.ISBN 978-0739108055.
  37. ^Williams, P. (2001)."Transnational Criminal Networks"(PDF).Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime, and Militancy. Retrieved2008-06-23.
  38. ^Woodcock, George (2004).Anarchism: a History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements. Peterborough: Broadview Press. p. 371.ISBN 978-1551116297.
  39. ^Morris, Brian (2014). "The Political Legacy of Murray Bookchin".Anthropology, Ecology, and Anarchism: A Brian Morris Reader.PM Press. pp. 169–170.ISBN 978-1-60486-986-6.
  40. ^Brennan, Elizabeth (1998).Who's Who of Pulitzer Prize Winners. Phoenix: Oryx Press. p. 257.ISBN 978-1573561112.
  41. ^Arquilla, J.; Ronfeldt, D. (1996).The Advent of Netwar.RAND Corporation.ISBN 978-0833024145.
  42. ^Recipes for Disaster, p. 241
  43. ^"Glossary of Terms, part IV".Rolling Thunder (4):6–8. Spring 2007.
  44. ^Friedman, Patri (14 April 2008)."A Brief Introduction to the Seasteading Institute".Seasteading.org.Seasteading Institute. Retrieved2008-06-23.
  45. ^Starr, Amory; Fernandez, Luis A.; Scholl, Christian (2011).Shutting Down the Streets: Political Violence and Social Control in the Global Era. NYU Press. pp. 114, 142.ISBN 9780814741009. Retrieved4 May 2019.;Anonymous (2005).Recipes for Disaster.Crimethinc.Workers Collective. p. 461.ISBN 978-0970910141.
  46. ^Stover, Leon (1987).Robert A. Heinlein. Boston: Twayne Publishers.ISBN 978-0805775099.
  47. ^Bookchin, Murray (1997).The Spanish Anarchists. Stirling: AK Press. p. 129.ISBN 978-1873176047.
  48. ^Jean Maitron,Le mouvement anarchiste en France, Tel Gallimard (first ed.François Maspero, 1975), tome I, chapter VI, "Le Procès des Trente. Fin d'une époque", pp.251-261
  49. ^"Voluntarism".The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition.Houghton Mifflin Company. Archived fromthe original on 2009-02-08. Retrieved2008-09-18.
  50. ^Malachowski, Alan (2001).Business Ethics. New York: Routledge. pp. 98–99.ISBN 978-0415184625.
  51. ^Taras, Ray (1984).Ideology in a Socialist State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 89–92.ISBN 978-0521262712.
  52. ^Gorightly, Adam (2003).The Prankster and the Conspiracy. Paraview Press. p. 155.ISBN 978-1931044660.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Bouhey, Vivien (2009),Les Anarchistes contre la République [The Anarchists against the Republic], Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes (PUR)
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