 | This article has multiple issues. Please helpimprove it or discuss these issues on thetalk page.(Learn how and when to remove these messages) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
|
This article gives information onliberalism worldwide. It is an overview of parties that adhere to some form of liberalism and is therefore alist of liberal parties around the world.
What constitutes a liberal party is highly debatable. In the list below, it is defined as apolitical party that adheres to the basic principles of political liberalism. This is a broad political current, includingleft-wing,centrist andright-wing elements. All liberal parties emphasiseindividual rights, but they differ in their opinion on an active role for the state. This list includes parties of different character, ranging fromclassical liberalism tosocial liberalism,conservative liberalism tonational liberalism.
Severalconservative and/orChristian-democratic parties, such as the BritishConservative Party, Germany'sChristian Democratic Union and Spain'sPeople's Party, are also considered to beneoliberal leaning or have strongliberal conservative and/or classical liberal factions, whereas some conservative parties, such as Poland'sLaw and Justice and Hungary'sFidesz, while favour more state intervention also support free market/free market solutions. Conversely, some social-democratic parties, such as the BritishLabour Party and the ItalianDemocratic Party, include liberal elements. Social liberalism andsocial conservatism are not mutually exclusive either, in fact some parties espouse socially liberal economic policies, while maintaining more socially conservative or traditionalist views on society: examples of this include Finland'sCentre Party (see alsoNordic agrarian parties) and Ireland'sFianna Fáil, both members of theAlliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE Party). In the United States, the two major political forces, theRepublican Party and theDemocratic Party, are to some extent, liberal (seeLiberalism in the United States andModern liberalism in the United States).
Many liberal parties are members of theLiberal International and/or one of its regional partners, such as the ALDE Party in Europe, theLiberal Network for Latin America and theCouncil of Asian Liberals and Democrats. Generally, membership in these international organizations is an indication that that party is indeed liberal. However, other international organisations, such as theInternational Democrat Union and theCentrist Democrat International, and regional organisations, such as theEuropean People's Party, theAlliance of European Conservatives and Reformists, theEuropean Democratic Party and theChristian Democrat Organization of America, also have liberal or liberal leaning parties as significant proportions of their membership.
Not all the parties using the "Liberal" or "Freedom" labels are actually liberal. Moreover, some parties, such as theFreedom Party of Austria, were originally liberal, but have since tilted toward apopulist direction and abandoned most of the tenets of liberalism. Finally, some parties, such as the United States Republican Party, Australia'sLiberal Party or Norway'sProgress Party are liberal mainly from an economic point of view rather than a social point of view (seeeconomic liberalism,libertarianism andright-libertarianism).
Liberalism is a relatively new current forAfrica. Traditionally it only existed more or less inEgypt,Senegal and especiallySouth Africa.
Algeria: There are very few liberal political parties.Ahd 54 and the Algerian Natural Law Party may be considered liberal. The mainBerber party, theRally for Culture and Democracy (French:Rassemblement pour la Culture et la Démocratie) could be considered to embrace some liberal values.
Angola: theLiberal Democratic Party (Portuguese:Partido Liberal Democrático, memberLI) is a small liberal party.
Benin: theRebirth Party of Benin (French:Parti de la renaissance du Bénin), might be considered a liberal party, but its exact profile is not available. TheCowry Forces for an Emerging Benin (French:Forces Cauris pour un Bénin émergent) are a centrist party alliance with liberal elements.
Burkina Faso: theAlliance for Democracy and Federation (French:Alliance pour la Démocratie et la Fédération), might be considered a liberal party, but its exact profile is not available.
Cape Verde: theMovement for Democracy (Portuguese:Movimento para a Democracia, memberCDI), is a liberal and Christian-democratic party
DR Congo: theFuture of Congo (French: Avenir du Congo) is a liberal party of the current Prime Minister
Egypt: theFree Egyptians Party (Hizb El Masriyin El Ahrar) and theNew Wafd Party (Hizb al-Wafd-al-Jadid) could be considered "liberal parties". The newest liberal party in Egypt isEl-Ghad Party (Tomorrow's Party) led by the opposition leader Ayman Nour[1]. Also, the newly establishedFree Egyptians Party.See for more information:Liberalism in Egypt.
Equatorial Guinea: theNational Democratic Union of Equatorial Guinea (Spanish:Unión Democrática Nacional de Guinea Ecuatorial, memberLI) claims to be a liberal party.
Gambia: theUnited Democratic Party, might be considered a liberal party, but its exact profile is not available.
Ghana: theNew Patriotic Party is aright of center liberal party that is unclear about its international affiliations.
Guinea: theUnion of Democratic Forces of Guinea (French:Union des forces démocratiques de Guinée, memberLI,ALN) and theUnion of Republican Forces (French:Union des forces républicaines, memberLI,ALN) are the main opposition parties.
Ivory Coast: theRally of the Republicans (French:Rassemblement des Republicains, memberLI,CDI) is the liberal, main government party.
Kenya: theOrange Democratic Movement (observerLI) might be considered a liberal party.
Malawi: the liberal character of theUnited Democratic Front is despite its membership of theLI disputable. TheDemocratic Progressive Party was formed in 2005 by PresidentBingu wa Mutharika after a dispute with the UDF. There were allegations that members of the former governing UDF did not adequately tackle corruption. It is unclear if the party will be ideological or personalist in style.
Morocco: two center-right parties, theConstitutional Union (French:Union Constitutionnelle) and thePopular Movement (French:Mouvement Populaire) are both member of theLI. However both are conservative in social issues, something abnormal for a true liberal party. TheNational Rally of Independents (observerLI, memberALN), founded in 1978 as a royalist party, is nowadays a liberal party.
Mozambique: theLiberal and Democratic Party of Mozambique (Portuguese:Partido Liberal e Democrático de Moçambique) and the Social Liberal and Democratic Party (Portuguese:Partido Social-Liberal e Democrático) claim to be liberal parties, but both lost parliamentary representation.
Senegal: theSenegalese Democratic Party (French:Parti Démocratique Sénégalais, memberLI) is a liberal party with a strong personalist character.See for more information:Liberalism in Senegal.
Seychelles: theSeychelles National Party (observerLI) is a liberal party.
Sierra Leone: thePeople's Movement for Democratic Change (memberALN, observerDUA) can be considered as a liberal party. It is the country's third largest party but lost parliamentary representation in 2012.
South Africa: theDemocratic Alliance (memberLI) is a liberal party.See for more information:Liberalism in South Africa.
Sudan: theLiberal Party of Sudan (memberALN,AAFD) is a social-liberal party struggling for human rights and a social market economy.
Tanzania: theCivic United Front (Swahili:Chama Cha Wananchi), memberLI) and theUnited Democratic Party, observerLI are liberal parties.
Tunisia: theSocial Liberal Party (French:Parti social-libéral, observerLI) is a more or less liberal party.
Zambia: the main opposition party, theUnited Party for National Development (observerLI) takes a liberal position in the political spectrum.
Zimbabwe: liberalism is not organized, but the left-leaning oppositionMovement for Democratic Change includes liberals and social democrats opposed to the rulingZANU–PF party.In many Latin American countries, liberalism and radicalism have been associated with generally left-of-center political movements such as Colombia's Liberal Party, historically concerned mostly with effecting government decentralization and regional autonomy (liberals were influential in the total dissolution of at least two defunct countries, theUnited Provinces of Central America andGran Colombia) andseparation of church and state. At times, the anti-clerical and secularist stances promoted by Latin American liberals have resulted in limitations on the civil rights of clergy or others associated with the Church (as in Mexico, where law still prohibits priests from public office). Liberalism in North America has a different background.
Argentina: theRadical Civic Union historically was a centrist progressive-liberal party, while nowadays it adheres to theSocialist International and its platform is a combination of liberal and social democratic ideas. The UCR's long-time rivals have beenPeronism and the Peronist-inspiredJusticialist Party.Recreate for Growth had been a short lived attempt to form a market liberal party and has observer status in theLiberal International. This party was in alliance with conservative-liberalRepublican Proposal. Also smaller parties, such as theUnion of the Democratic Centre, theProgressive Democratic Party, theLiberal Party of Corrientes and theDemocratic Party of Mendoza, adhere to conservative-liberal principles. On the libertarian side, stands theLiberal Libertarian Party (dissolved) and theLibertarian Party (now) whose focus is on free markets and individual rights.
Aruba: the character of theAruban Liberal Organization (Organisacion Liberal Arubiano) is not clear. The party lost parliamentary representation in the 2005 election.
Bahamas: the dominant party is the left of center liberalProgressive Liberal Party.
Bolivia: the Liberal Party was dominant until 1952.(Main article:Liberalism in Bolivia).
Brazil: Liberalism (in a general, international acceptance) is represented only by theNew Party (Portuguese:Partido Novo). There are no mainstream parties currently holding unambiguous liberal principles nor any members of theLiberal International. While at least three parties label themselves as "liberal", theLiberal Front Party (Partido da Frente Liberal), actually renamedBrazil Union (Portuguese:União Brasil) in 2022, is a populist-conservative party. TheLiberal Party (Portuguese:Partido Liberal), is a populist-conservative party with links to religious organizations.(Main article:Liberalism in Brazil).
Canada:Liberal refers mainly to the policies and ideas of theLiberal Party of Canada/French:Parti Libéral du Canada (memberLI), the most frequent governing party of Canada for the last century and one of the most successfulliberalparties in the world. The Liberal Party of Canada has generally adhered tomodern liberalism, supporting a welfare state, and is regarded as a centrist to centre-left party in the Canadian context although some provincial parties such as theQuebec Liberal Party combine liberalism withconservative ideas.(Main article:Liberalism in Canada).
Chile: theSocial Democrat Radical Party (Spanish:Partido Radical Social-Democráta, memberSI) was originally a left-of-center liberal party, but nowadays it is a social democratic party. TheLiberal Party of Chile (Spanish:Partido Liberal de Chile, memberLI) is a left-of-center social liberal party.Political Evolution (Evopoli) is a center-right political party, part of the governing coalition and a member ofRELIAL.(Main article:Liberalism and radicalism in Chile).
Colombia: the liberal current developed into theColombian Liberal Party (Spanish:Partido Liberal Colombiano, despite its name an active member of theSI), which is a left of center, somewhat populist party, somewhere between liberalism and social democracy. Newer parties likePartido Cambio Radical andSocial National Unity Party have takenclassical liberal ideas.(Main article:Liberalism in Colombia).
Costa Rica: theLibertarian Movement Party (Spanish:Partido Movimiento Libertario) was originally a classical liberal (libertarian) party but has become conservative on social issues as abortion and same-sex marriage. TheLiberal Progressive Party (Spanish:Partido Liberal Progresista) was founded in 2016 is an economically and socially liberal party.(Main article:Liberalism in Costa Rica).
Cuba: it has been legal to formpolitical parties since 1992, but only theCommunist Party of Cuba is allowed to be the ruling party. The three liberal partiesLiberal Democratic Party (Spanish:Partido Liberal Democratico, observerLI),Democratic Solidarity Party (Partido Solidaridad Democratica, observerLI),Cuban Liberal Union (Unión Liberal Cubana, member of theLiberal International) and theCuban Liberal Movement (Movimiento Liberal Cubano) are located inHavana, but they are not allowed to participate in elections.
Dominican Republic: the originally left-wingDominican Liberation Party (Spanish:Partido de la Liberacíon Dominicana) developed into a center liberal party. TheLiberal Reformist Party (Partido Reformista Liberal) is also a center liberal party.
Ecuador: theAlfarista Radical Front (Frente Radical Alfarista) and theEcuadorian Radical Liberal Party (Spanish:Partido Liberal Radical Ecuatoriana) are two small remainders of the traditional liberal current.(Main article:Liberalism and radicalism in Ecuador).
Greenland:Atassut is a right-of-center liberal party. TheDemocrats (Greenlandic:Demokraatit) and theCooperation Party (Greenlandic:Suleqatigiissitsisut) are social liberal parties. They all oppose separation from Denmark.
Grenada: theNational Democratic Congress is a center liberal party.
Honduras: theLiberal Party of Honduras (Partido Liberal de Honduras, memberLI andRELIAL) is the traditional center liberal party.(Main article:Liberalism in Honduras).
Mexico: liberalism is represented by theNew Alliance Party (Spanish:Partido Nueva Alianza), memberLI).(Main article:Liberalism in Mexico).
Nicaragua: the liberal character of the right-wingConstitutionalist Liberal Party (Spanish:Partido Liberal Constitucionalista, former memberLI) is disputable.(Main article:Liberalism in Nicaragua).
Panama: theNationalist Republican Liberal Movement (Spanish:Partido Movimiento Liberal Republicano Nacionalista) is a center-right liberal party.(Main article:Liberalism in Panama).
Paraguay: theAuthentic Radical Liberal Party (Spanish:Partido Liberal Radical Auténtico, memberLI andRELIAL) is a center liberal party.(Main article:Liberalism and radicalism in Paraguay).
Peru: classical liberalLiberty Movement and Liberal Party of Peru. In Fujimorian-occupied Peru: social liberal Justice Party.
Puerto Rico: thePopular Democratic Party (Spanish:Partido Popular Democrático) is a left of center liberal party.
Suriname: theDemocratic Alternative '91 (Dutch:Democratisch Alternatief '91) is a center liberal party.
Trinidad and Tobago: thePeople's National Movement is a liberal centrist to centre-left party.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]
United States: the primary use of the termliberal is at some variance with European and worldwide usage. In the United States today, it is most associated with the definition ofmodern liberalism, which is a combination ofsocial liberalism,public welfare and amixed economy,[12] which is in contrast toclassical liberalism. In theThird Party System, the primary liberal groups (which by that point still meant classical liberal) were theBourbon Democrats and theLiberal Republicans, the latter of which evolved into theMugwumps;[13] they both supported free trade and free markets, and opposed political corruption. By 1884, both groups had come to support the Democratic Party under the leadership of the liberal BourbonGrover Cleveland. However, when William Jennings Bryan took over the Democratic Party, there was a substantial move towards populism and progressivism;[14] the last hurrah of the Bourbons was the nomination ofAlton Parker in 1904. Despite this, most Democrats, includingWoodrow Wilson andFranklin Roosevelt, continued to call themselves liberals, framing social liberal ideas as positive liberties, in contrast to the negative liberties that can only be avoided through a lack of government intervention.[15] Starting in the 1980s, the conservatives and modern liberals began to adopt more classically-liberal economic perspectives throughfusionism and theThird Way respectively. Today, the Democratic Party is sometimes identified as the liberal party within the broader definition ofliberalism thus putting it in contrast with most other parties listed here. Democrats advocate for more social freedoms,affirmative action, and a mixed economy (and therefore modern liberalism). TheRepublican Party experiences a somewhat fractured economic viewpoint with some members supporting strong free-market andlibertarian views (and thereforeeconomic liberalism) and others championing pro-business andeconomic nationalist stances, though both sectors typically mix their fiscal views with strong aspects ofsocial conservatism. TheLibertarian Party is the third largest political party in the United States, (though still only getting 1–2% of the vote in congressional elections), and particularly centers itself on free markets and individual liberty, which is more in line withclassical liberalism.(Main article:Liberalism in the United States andModern liberalism in the United States)
Uruguay: liberalism organized itself in the nineteenth century in theColorado Party (Spanish:Partido Colorado) nowadays a heterogeneous party, divided in factions ranging from conservative to social-democratic; however, its general profile is more or less liberal.(Main article:Liberalism in Uruguay).
Venezuela: liberalism was a strong force in the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century. Nowadays there are three important classical liberal movements (still no parties):Organization for the Liberal Democracy in Venezuela (Spanish:Organización por la Democracia Liberal en Venezuela), a classical liberal, pro-capitalism think-tank; Liberal Democratic Movement (Movimiento Demócrata Liberal) and "Rumbo Propio para el Zulia" from Maracaibo, Zulia, a classical liberal autonomist movement. They are going to create together a political party in the next years.(Main article:Liberalism in Venezuela).Liberalism has or had some tradition in some countries. Nowadays it is a growing current in East Asia, but in many of these countries liberals tend not to use the labelliberal.
Bangladesh: theBangladesh Liberal Democratic Party is a small liberal democratic party.
Bhutan: ThePeople's Democratic Party (Bhutan) is described as a liberal party.[16]
Cambodia: theCandlelight Party (Khmer:គណបក្សភ្លើងទៀន,romanized: anakpak Phlerng Tean, memberCALD), claims to be a more or less liberal party, though some dispute this and consider it a xenophobic party.
Hong Kong: theDemocratic Party is a liberal party, strongly emphasizing the need of democratic reforms. TheCivic Party is also a liberal party. TheLiberal Party is often considered to be a conservative, pro-business party.
India: Liberalism is currently unrepresented. However two centrist parties,INC andNCP have been described as liberal.[17](Main article:Liberalism in India)..svg)
Iran: liberalism is forbidden and its members have been killed in the past.Liberal Party of Iran is forced to exist in exile (based in EU).(Main article:Liberalism in Iran).
Israel:Yesh Atid (Hebrew:יש עתיד,lit. 'There Is a Future', member ofLI) is the second biggest party in theIsraeli Parliament with a strongly anti-clerical, liberal ideology. In the early 2000s, someLikud andLabor members formed a new liberal party calledKadima. The center-rightLikud calls itself a National-Liberal Party.
Japan: the word liberal is used by the main conservative party, theLiberal Democratic Party (Jiyu Minshuto). TheConstitutional Democratic Party of Japan (Rikken-minshutō) is a liberal centrist party. TheLiberal League (Jiyu Rengo) was considered to be a free-market liberal party.Your Party was a market liberal or libertarian party.(Main article:Liberalism in Japan).
South Korea: TheDemocratic Party of Korea is a left-wing liberal party. The predecessors of Democratic Party, which included the disbandedUri Party (Yeollin Uri Dang), theUNDP (Daetonghap Minju Sindang),Democratic Party),Democratic United Party andCreative Korea Party are left-wing liberal parties. But there are also cases like conservative-liberal parties such as thePeople Party,Bareunmirae Party, andNew Reform Party (South Korea) that are allied withconservatives.(Main article:Liberalism in South Korea).
Lebanon: theNational Liberal Party (Hizb al-Ahrar al-Watani) is a liberal pro-independence party.
Malaysia: theParti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (Malaysian People's Movement Party, memberCALD) seems to be a more or less liberal party.
Mongolia: theCivil Will–Green Party (Irgenii Zorig-Nogoon Nam, memberLI,CALD,GG) was founded in 2012 by a merger of the market liberalCivil Will Party (Irgenii Zorig Nam) and theMongolian Green Party (Mongolyn Nogoon Nam) who both had worked for protecting human rights and democracy. The new party combines market liberal and green values.
Myanmar: theNational League for Democracy, observerCALD, a party with liberal democratic elements, became the biggest parliamentary party at the latest election. It won a parliamentary majority in the 1990 election but the result was not recognised by the military and the party was suppressed until 2012.
Pakistan: thePakistan Peoples Party is a progressive center left political party.
Philippines: theLiberal Party, memberLI,CALD) is a center liberal party.(Main article:Liberalism in the Philippines).
Singapore: the populist, liberalSingapore Democratic Party (memberCALD) is not represented in parliament.
Sri Lanka: theLiberal Party of Sri Lanka is a small liberal party.
Taiwan: theDemocratic Progressive Party (Min-chu Chin-pu Tang, memberLI,CALD) is a left-liberal party. TheTaiwan Solidarity Union is a characterised primarily by its Taiwanese nationalism and derives its membership from both theChinese Nationalist Party's former moderate and Taiwan-oriented fringe and DPP supporters disgruntled by the party's moderation on the question of Taiwanese sovereignty. Its liberal character is questionable, although it is part of the DPP's left-of-centre and pro-Taiwanese Independence Pan-Green alliance (in contrast with the conservativeChinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang) andPeople First Party.)(Main article:Liberalism in Taiwan).
Thailand: theDemocrat Party (Pak Prachatipat, memberLI,CALD) is aconservative-liberal party.(Main article:Liberalism in Thailand).
Turkey: Liberalism was never a strong force. There is no popular support for liberalism.Populism is the dominant rhetoric.Liberal Democratic Party (Turkish: Liberal Demokrat Parti), aclassical liberal party, was founded in 1994. It received very few votes in every election it participated in.(Main article:Liberalism in Turkey).At a pan-European level liberalism exists in some form within generally all members of theAlliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE), within most members of theEuropean Democratic Party (EDP), within many members of theEuropean People's Party (EPP) and some members of theAlliance of European Conservatives and Reformists (AECR).
Albania: Two parties could be considered to embrace liberal values: theDemocratic Alliance Party (Albanian:Partia Aleanca Demokratike, memberLI,ALDE) and theUnity for Human Rights Party (Albanian:Partia Bashkimi për të Drejtat e Njeriut,Greek:Κόμμα Ένωσης Ανθρωπίνων Δικαιωμάτων), which is the party of the ethnic minorities.(Main article:Liberalism in Albania.)
Andorra: theLiberal Party of Andorra (Catalan:Partit Liberal d'Andorra, memberLI,ALDE) is a centre-right liberal party and currently the second-largest political party by parliamentary representation.
Armenia: traditional liberalism made a comeback following the2018 Velvet Revolution. After the2018 Armenian parliamentary election,Bright Armenia, a liberal political party, became the official opposition in theNational Assembly and is a member of theALDE. Following the2021 Armenian parliamentary election, Bright Armenia lost all representation in the National Assembly and currently acts as an extra-parliamentary party. Other liberal parties in Armenia include theArmenian Constructive Party,Armenian National Movement Party,European Party of Armenia,For The Republic Party,Liberal Democratic Union of Armenia, and theLiberal Party.(Main article:Liberalism in Armenia.)
Austria: theNEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum (German:NEOS – Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum, memberALDE) was formed in 2014 as a merger of NEOS formed in 2012 and theLiberal Forum (German:Liberales Forum, LiF) formed in 1993. The Liberal Forum had split from theFreedom Party of Austria (German:Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, FPÖ), which had become a right-wing nationalist party, but was previously liberal or national-liberal, and was a member of the Liberal International until 1993.(Main article:Liberalism in Austria.)
Azerbaijan: liberal parties are minor in regard to the political system.Liberal political parties in Azerbaijan include;Azerbaijan Democratic Party,Azerbaijan Liberal Party,Azerbaijan National Independence Party,Azerbaijani Popular Front Party,Justice Party,Modern Equality Party,Musavat and theRepublican Alternative Party.
Belarus: one of the main opposition parties is the liberalUnited Civic Party of Belarus (Belarusian:Аб'ядна́ная грамадзя́нская па́ртыя Белару́сі,romanized: Abjadnanaja hramadzianskaja partyja Biełarusi).
Belgium: the party system is divided by language. In theFlemish community,Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats (memberLI,ALDE), comprising both market and social liberals, is one of the dominant parties. In theFrench community, the centre-rightReformist Movement (memberLI,ALDE) is one of the major parties. Affiliated with this party is theParty for Freedom and Progress in theGerman community, and until 2011DéFI a regionalist party in theBrussels region whose aim is the expansion of linguistic rights of French-speakers.(Main article:Liberalism in Belgium.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina: liberalism is weak, because of the domination by ethnic parties. A small and rather unsuccessful liberal party is theLiberal Democratic Party (Liberalno demokratska stranka, associateALDE). More successful is the social liberaI and multi-ethnicOur Party (Naša stranka, associateALDE).
Bulgaria: Liberalism used to be represented by the mainly Turkish minority partyMovement for Rights and Freedoms (Dviženie za prava i svobodi) and theNational Movement for Stability and Progress (Nacionalno Dviženie za Stabilnost i Vazhod), both taking a more or less liberal position. Two parties split from NDSV:Bulgarian New Democracy (BND) and The New Time (Novoto Vreme). The partyDOST split from MRF, but failed to get into parliament. The party LEADER (now calledBulgarian Democratic Center) also failed to get into parliament. After the2020-2021 bulgarian protests liberal parties became the main alternative to GERB.Yes, Bulgaria! was the leading party in theDemocratic Bulgaria coalition.United People's Party and We Are Coming (also known as the Poisonous Trio) were members of theStand Up! Mafia, Get Out! and laterStand Up.BG! We Are Coming coalitions. Later the partyWe Continue The Change (Produlzhavame Promyanata, PP) became the leading liberal political party.(Main article:Liberalism and radicalism in Bulgaria.)
Croatia: liberalism is very divided. One could distinguish seven parties: the centreCroatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats (Croatian:Hrvatska narodna stranka – Liberalni demokrati, memberALDE), its two splinters:centristPeople's Party – Reformists (Croatian:Narodna stranka – Reformisti, memberEDP) and the left-of-centreCivic Liberal Alliance (Croatian:Građansko-liberalni savez, memberALDE);left centrist andIstrianregionalistIstrian Democratic Assembly (Istarski demokratski sabor – Dieta Democratica Istriana, memberALDE, observerLI) and the right-of-centreCroatian Social Liberal Party (Croatian:Hrvatska socijalno-liberalna stranka, memberLI,ALDE); as well as two which have become prominent more recently, starting from the local level:Centre (Croatian:Centar, memberALDE) andFocus (Croatian:Fokus, memberALDE).(Main article:Liberalism in Croatia).
Cyprus: the centre-right Liberal Democratswww.liberalscy.org (Fileleftheri Dimokrates, member of the Interlibertarians) and the centre-leftUnited Democrats (Enomeni Dimokrates, memberALDE) are considered liberal parties.See alsoLiberalism in Cyprus.
Czech Republic:Mayors and Independents, theCzech Pirate Party andTOP 09 are considered liberal parties.(Main article:Liberalism in the Czech lands).
Denmark: most parties support liberalism in one form or another, and three parties mark themselves as liberal: the centristSocial Liberal Party (Danish:Radikale Venstre, memberLI,ALDE), the much larger conservative-liberalVenstre (memberLI,ALDE) and the liberal–libertarianLiberal Alliance.(Main article:Liberalism and radicalism in Denmark).
Estonia: theEstonian Reform Party (Estonian:Eesti Reformierakond, memberLI,ALDE) is a free market liberal party. The liberal character of theEstonian Centre Party (Estonian:Eesti Keskerakond, ex-memberALDE) can be disputed.(Main article:Liberalism in Estonia).
Faroe Islands: the conservative-liberalUnion Party (Faroese:Sambandsflokkurin) and the social liberalSelf-Government (Faroe Islands) (Faroese:Sjálvstýri) were or are aligned with the Danish liberal parties. In addition, there are two separatist parties: the liberal-conservativePeople's Party (Fólkaflokkurin, memberAECR) and the market liberalProgress (Faroese:Framsókn), founded in 2011.
Finland: the dominantLI andALDE member party is the centrist and agrarianCentre Party (Suomen Keskusta), however the liberal character of this party is questioned. In actuality, the Centre Party has long since become socially more conservative than the liberal-conservativeNational Coalition Party, since it opted not to supportsame-sex marriage. The Swedish minority partySwedish People's Party (Svenska Folkpartiet i Finland, memberLI,ALDE) has a clearer liberal profile. The original liberal current was until 2011 organized in theLiberals (Liberaalit), after 1995 a very small extra-parliamentary party. At the autonomous islands ofÅland theLiberals for Åland (Liberalerna på Åland) and the centrist agrarianÅlandic Centre (Åländsk Center, memberALDE) are the dominant forces.(Main article:Liberalism and centrism in Finland).
France: theRadical Movement (French:Mouvement radical, MR, memberALDE) was formed in 2017 as a merger of theRadical Party (French:Parti radical, PR), founded in 1901, and theRadical Party of the Left (French:Parti radical de gauche, PRG), which had split from the PR in 1971. In 2019, the PRG re-emerged from the MR. France had a liberal tradition, generally associated toRepublicanism, from which the right and the left of the political spectrum were generated. On the right-wing there were theRepublicans, which organized themselves in 1901–03 in the moderate-liberalDemocratic Republican Alliance and in the liberal-conservativeRepublican Federation; on the left-wing theRadicals, which founded theRepublican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party in 1901. After World War II, the Republicans gathered in the liberal-conservativeNational Centre of Independents and Peasants, from which the conservative-liberalIndependent Republicans seceded in 1962. The original centre-left Radical Party was a declining force in French politics until 1972 when it joined the centre-right, causing the split of Radical-Socialist faction and the foundation of the Radical Party of the Left, closely associated to theSocialist Party. In 1978 both theRepublican Party (successor of the Independent Republicans) and the Radical Party were founding components, along with theCentre of Social Democrats, of theUnion for French Democracy (UDF), an alliance of liberal and Christian-democratic forces. The Republican Party, re-founded asLiberal Democracy in 1997 and re-shaped as a free-market libertarian party, left UDF in 1998 and merged into the GaulistUnion for a Popular Movement (UMP), of which it represented the libertarian wing. Also the Radical Party left UDF in 2002 in order to join UMP, of which it is the main social-liberal component, as an associate party. TheLiberal Alternative was formed in 2006. In 2017,Emmanuel Macron formed the liberal partyLa République En Marche! and won the presidential and the National Assembly elections. TheDemocratic Movement (French:Mouvement démocrate, MoDem, memberEDP), the successor of theUnion for French Democracy, joined forces withLa République En Marche!.(Main article:Liberalism and radicalism in France).
Georgia: theUnited National Movement (Georgian: ერთიანი ნაციონალური მოძრაობა, memberIDU, observerEPP) is a liberal-conservative pro-western party oriented on North-Atlantic integration.Lelo (Georgian: ლელო, memberALDE),Republican Party of Georgia (Georgian: საქართველოს რესპუბლიკური პარტია, memberALDE) andFree Democrats (Georgian: თავისუფალი დემოკრატები, memberALDE) are liberal pro-western parties.
Germany: theFree Democratic Party (Freie Demokratische Partei, memberLI,ALDE) is a centre to centre-rightclassical liberal party. It supportslaissez-faire andfree market economics and is seen to be closer to the centre-right conservativeCDU/CSU alliance on economic issues than the centre-leftSPD, but closer to the SPD and theGreens on issues such as civil liberties, education, defense, and foreign policy.(Main article:Liberalism in Germany).
Gibraltar: theLiberal Party of Gibraltar (memberLI,ALDE) is a social-liberal party favouring Gibraltar'sself-determination.
Greece: the liberal current disappeared, leading to liberals joining the centre-rightNew Democracy, est. in 1974 and the centre-leftPASOK, est. in 1974. Smaller parties such as the social-liberalThe River (Greek: Το Ποτάμι, To Potami) and theUnion of Centrists (Greek:Ένωση Κεντρώων,EDP member, Enosi Kentroon), claimer ofVenizelist heritage, became the leading liberal forces. Meanwhile, new liberal initiatives have been taken, like e.g. the purely liberalLiberal Alliance (Greek: «Φιλελεύθερη Συμμαχία», Fileleftheri Simmakhia), est. in 2007.(Main article:Liberalism in Greece).
Hungary: theMomentum Movement (Momentum Mozgalom) is a centrist and liberal political party, theHungarian Liberal Party (Magyar Liberális Párt) is an extra-parliamentary market liberal party.(Main article:Liberalism and radicalism in Hungary).
Iceland: theProgressive Party (Icelandic:Framsóknarflokkurinn, memberLI) is an agrarian-centrist party. In 2016Viðreisn emerged as a liberal split from the governingIndependence Party.(Main article:Liberalism and centrism in Iceland).
Ireland:Fine Gael (memberCDI andEPP) is a centre-right, liberal-conservative party whose platform encompasses low-tax economic policies and socially liberal stances on issues such assame-sex marriage,abortion,divorce,medical cannabis, andassisted dying. In recent years the traditionallyIrish nationalist centristFianna Fáil (memberLI andALDE) has adopted liberal politics on both social and economic ones; however, the party membership remains conservative on social issues. TheProgressive Democrats were a liberal party with an emphasis on market economics in existence from 1985 to 2009.
Isle of Man: theLiberal Vannin Party (observerLI) is the only party represented in theHouse of Keys since mostMembers are elected as independents. It favours accountability and transparency in government and a furtherdevolution from theUnited Kingdom.
Italy: liberals are now divided over the centre-rightForza Italia (originally a merger of liberal and Christian-democratic forces in 1994, and reconstituted in 2013 fromThe People of Freedom), theCivic Choice party founded in 2013 to support then-Prime Minister Mario Monti,Democratic Centre andAlliance for Italy, small social-liberal parties, and various minor extra-parliamentary movements including the libertarianAct to Stop the Decline andItalian Radicals (memberALDE Party). Also the centrist-populistItaly of Values is a memberALDE Party, although it is not classifiable as a liberal party in whichever sense. Most members of the lateItalian Liberal Party (refounded as a very small party in 2004) and many former members of theItalian Republican Party joined Forza Italia, which is often presented and defined in Italy as a liberal party. This is the reason why the term 'liberals' is more often used when speaking of thecentre-right coalition, dominated by Forza Italia, which combines economic liberalism with freedom of conscience on ethical matters.(Main article:Liberalism and radicalism in Italy).
Kosovo: theNew Kosovo Alliance (Albanian:Aleanca Kosova e Re, memberALDE),Liberal Party of Kosovo (Albanian:Partia Liberale e Kosoves, associateALDE), andthe Alternative (Alternativa) are considered to be liberal parties, although the second one doesn't seem to have much support. TheIndependent Liberal Party (Samostalna liberalna stranka, memberLI) is a liberal party of the Serbian minority.
Latvia: theDevelopment/For! is a classical-liberal political party (memberALDE).Development/For! had 13 seats in13. saeima. EliminatedLatvia's First Party/Latvian Way party (memberLI,ALDE) was a centre-right liberal party.(Main article:Liberalism in Latvia).
Lithuania: theLiberal Movemant (Lithuanian:Lietuvos Respublikos Liberalų sąjūdis) and theLiberal and Centre Union (Lithuanian:Liberalų ir centro sąjunga, memberLI),ALDE) are a centre liberal parties.(Main article:Liberalism in Lithuania).
Luxembourg: theDemocratic Party (Luxembourgish:Demokratesch Partei/French:Parti démocratique/German:Demokratische Partei, memberLI,ALDE) is the traditional liberal party.(Main article:Liberalism in Luxembourg).
Malta: theAD+PD was formed in 2020 as a merger of the greenDemocratic Alternative and the social-liberalDemocratic Party. The party has 2 seats in the parliament and was formed by dissatisfied members of theLabour Party. There are two minor liberal parties:Alleanza Liberal-Demokratika Malta andAlpha Liberal Democratic Party.
Moldova: liberalism is divided over the conservative-liberalLiberal Party (Partidul Liberal, memberALDE) and the market liberalLiberal Reformist Party (Partidul Liberal Reformator, observerLI), which splintered of the Liberal Party to stay in government and be part of thePro-European Coalition in 2013.(Main article:Liberalism in Moldova).
Montenegro: liberalism is organized in theLiberal Party of Montenegro (Liberalna Partija Crne Gore, observerLI, memberALDE), more or less a liberal party.(Main article:Liberalism in Montenegro).
Netherlands: liberalism is divided between two parties. The social-liberalDemocrats 66 (Dutch:Democraten 66, memberLI,ALDE) and the conservative-liberalPeople's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Dutch:Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie, memberLI,ALDE). Furthermore, in 2004 theGroenLinks started profiling itself as a 'leftist liberal' party, a shift from its socialist roots.(Main article:Liberalism in the Netherlands).
North Macedonia: the liberals are divided over theLiberal Democratic Party (Macedonian:Либерално-демократска Партија,romanized: Liberalno-demokratska Partija, memberLI,ALDE), part of the left of centre government coalition, and theLiberal Party of Macedonia (Macedonian:Либерална партија на Македонија,romanized: Liberalna partija na Makedonija), part of the right of centre opposition coalition.(Main article:Liberalism in North Macedonia).
Norway: theLiberal Party (Norwegian:Venstre, memberLI,ALDE) is a centrist liberal party. TheCapitalist Party (Norwegian:Liberalistene) is a newer party grounded in classical liberalism.Høyre is a Liberal Consercative party)(Main article:Liberalism in Norway).
Poland: theDemocratic Party (memberALDE) was a centre-liberal party. It did not succeed in entering parliament in the 2005 election.Civic Platform is considered economically liberal or conservative-liberal, however, it is more conservative in terms of ideology. Created in 2015, liberalModern (memberALDE) entered parliament in2015 elections. Currently,Poland 2050 is considered a liberal party. It runs together with more conservativePolish People's Party as aThird Way, which is a member of the ruling coalition. AlsoConfederation Liberty and Independence is economically liberal yet strongly conservative socially party(Main article:Liberalism in Poland).
Portugal: liberalism was a strong force in history, namely during theLiberal Revolution of 1820. In contemporary times, theSocial Democratic Party was once a Liberal International member, but left the organisation in 1996, and has taken a more conservative orientation since then, joining theEuropean People's Party. However, many observers still see it as a conservative-liberal party. TheEarth Party (former memberALDE,WEP) is a party that advocates both market economy and environmentalism. The most recent party isIniciativa Liberal that also became a member of theALDE, in early December 2017. The party was created as an association in 2016, and was approved as a party by theConstitutional Court in 2017. The party was admitted to theALDE in November 2017. The party ran for election for the first time in the2019 European Parliament election in Portugal, garnering 0.9% of the votes, and failing to win any seats in theEuropean Parliament. In the2019 legislative election, the party won a single seat in thePortuguese Parliament in theelectoral district ofLisbon, earning 67,681 votes in total, equivalent to 1.29% of the votes cast.(Main article:Liberalism in Portugal).
Romania: theNational Liberal Party (Romanian:Partidul Național Liberal, ex-member ofLI andALDE[18] and current member ofEPP), is a centre-right liberal party, formerly part of the governingSocial Liberal Union (USL) political alliance and coalition from 2011 to 2014 and currently of theNational Coalition for Romania (CNR) since November 2021 onwards.(Main article:Liberalism and radicalism in Romania).
Russia:Civic Platform (Russia) is a liberal party founded byMikhail Prokhorov for Russia to have an "actual classic liberal free market party".Yabloko (Yabloko, Russian Democratic Party, Jabloko - Rossijskaja Demokratičeskaja Partija, memberLI,ALDE) and theRight Cause (Pravoye Delo, memberIDU) also contain ideas liberalism. WhileYabloko is social liberal party, theRight Cause can be seen as a democratic conservative market party. TheLiberal Democratic Party of Russia has been widely criticised for not being liberal, rather anationalist, right-wing populist party.(Main articleLiberalism in Russia).
San Marino: thePopular Alliance (memberEDP) is a centrist liberal party.
Serbia: theMovement of Free Citizens is the largest liberal parliamentary party, as of the2022 Serbian general election. Previously,Enough is Enough,Liberal Democratic Party,Civic Alliance of Serbia,G17 Plus,New Democracy/Liberals of Serbia, andNew Party were known proponents of liberalism in Serbia.(Main article:Liberalism in Serbia).
Slovakia:Progressive Slovakia (Progresívne Slovensko) is a social liberal political party and a member of theALDE.Freedom and Solidarity (Sloboda a Solidarita) is a right of centre market liberal party.(Main article:Liberalism in Slovakia).
Slovenia: the largest liberal party is theList of Marjan Šarec, member of theALDE, a centrist liberal party. The second largest is theParty of Alenka Bratušek (memberALDE), a liberal spin-off from centre-leftPositive Slovenia that went a more social democratic direction. The third largest is the classical-liberalCivic List (memberALDE). Two minor extra-parliamentary liberal parties in Slovenia are theLiberal Democracy of Slovenia (Slovene:Liberalna demokracija Slovenije, former member of bothLI andALDE), a centrist liberal party, andZares, a social-liberal party, and also a former ALDE member.(Main article:Liberalism in Slovenia).
Spain: there was a long tradition of liberalism during theTrienio Liberal. This ended withabsolutist andcarlist movements andFrancoist Spain in the 20th century. At a national level there were attempts to establish half liberal parties, but they did not succeed untilUnion, Progress and Democracy (Unión, Progreso y Democracia), aprogressive,social liberal andcentralist party. It was replaced as majorsocial liberal party in 2015 byCitizens (Spanish:Ciudadanos), which isautonomist andpostnationalist. The Libertarian Party defends personal rights and economic freedom with alibertarian point of view.[19][20] On a regional level, theCanarian Coalition (Spanish:Coalición Canaria) and theDemocratic Convergence of Catalonia (Catalan:Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya, memberALDE) arenationalist, half-liberal parties(Main articles:Canovism,Liberalism and radicalism in Spain).
Sweden:The Liberals (Swedish:Liberalerna, memberLI,ALDE) is a centre-right liberal party. TheCentre Party (Swedish:Centerpartiet, memberLI,ALDE) is a historically agrarian party that has gradually developed into a centre-right liberal party, since 2013 referring to themselves as such.(Main article:Liberalism and centrism in Sweden).
Switzerland: the main liberal party isFDP.The Liberals (memberLI,ALDE), formed in 2007 by a merger of theFree Democratic Party of Switzerland and theLiberal Party of Switzerland.(Main article:Liberalism and radicalism in Switzerland).
Ukraine: the position of liberalism is unclear.Voice (memberALDE) was founded in 2019. TheLiberal Party (Liberalna Partia, observerLI) is a small liberal party. A clear liberal party was theOur Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc (Naša Ukrajina), which was dissolved in 2012.(Main article:Liberalism in Ukraine).
United Kingdom: liberalism is now represented mainly by theLiberal Democrats (memberLI andALDE), formed in 1988 from a merger of theLiberal Party formed in 1859 and theSocial Democratic Party formed in 1981. The Liberal Democrats, which has over 3,000 councillors and 72Members of Parliament, were the junior party in a governing coalition with theConservative Party in 2010–2015. TheLiberal Party was re-founded in 1989 and has several councillors in Britain, but no parliamentary representation. Northern Ireland: theAlliance Party of Northern Ireland (memberLI,ALDE) was formed in 1970 as a non-ideological cross-community party.(Main articleLiberalism in the United Kingdom)Liberalism has a strong tradition in bothAustralia andNew Zealand.
Australia: theLiberal Party of Australia is considered to becentre-right, and largely the bastion of liberalism in Australia. Within the Liberal Party, there is a fusion ofliberal andconservative views, a tradition which began by the party's predecessors in the early 20th century. The fusion has led to the party having abig tent membership, bound by an anti-Labor position. Many would argue that this party is aclassical liberal party and that the perception of what liberalism is has changed, not the Liberal Party (which promotes thefree market approach). Former Australian Prime MinisterMalcolm Turnbull, a member of the Liberal Party, said that his party is "not a conservative party". The termsmall-l liberal generally refers to someone who champions civil liberties and progressive causes such asreconciliation with Indigenous Australians. These views are represented strongly within the broad Liberal Party, as well as in parties such as theAustralian Democrats, which began its life as a group of social-liberals disaffected with the Liberal Party. TheLibertarian Party is a classical liberal and libertarian party.(Main article:Liberalism in Australia).
Cook Islands: the liberalDemocratic Party is one of the two major parties opposing the nationalistCook Islands Party.
Fiji: thePeople's Alliance,FijiFirst and theSocial Democratic Liberal Party (SODELPA) are all liberal parties. FijiFirst is centrist while the People's Alliance and SODELPA are centre-right.
New Zealand: there is no longer a pure liberal party, as in the past theLiberal Party was the first organised political party, and theLiberal Government from 1891 to 1912 was responsible for many reforms. Similarly to Australia, this party merged with more conservative and free market forces to form theNational Party of New Zealand, in order to oppose the advancement of the democratic socialistNew Zealand Labour Party.Liberalism nowadays refers to a support for individual liberties and limited government. The term is generally used with a reference to a particular policy area, e.g. "market liberalism" or "social liberalism". Unqualified liberalism is less common; in its extreme form it is known by the American termlibertarianism. The left of centreNew Zealand Democratic Party took a more or less progressive liberal position in the spectrum, but lost popular support.ACT New Zealand is a classical liberal or libertarian party.(Main article:Liberalism in New Zealand).
Solomon Islands: theSolomon Islands Liberal Party considered itself a liberal party.
{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title= (help)