| Lemon-throated barbet | |
|---|---|
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| MaleE. r. richardsoni | |
Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Piciformes |
| Family: | Capitonidae |
| Genus: | Eubucco |
| Species: | E. richardsoni |
| Binomial name | |
| Eubucco richardsoni (Gray, 1846) | |
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Thelemon-throated barbet (Eubucco richardsoni) is a species ofbird in the New World barbet familyCapitonidae. It is found inBolivia,Brazil,Colombia,Ecuador, andPeru.[3]
The lemon-throated barbet as recognized by the South American Classification Committee of theAmerican Ornithological Society (AOS), theInternational Ornithological Committee (IOC), and theClements taxonomy has four subspecies: the nominateEubucco richardsoni richardsoni,E. r. nigriceps,E. r. aurantiicollis, andE. r. purusianus.[4][3][5] Clements groupsrichardsoni andnigriceps as "lemon-throated" and the other two as "flame-throated" within the species. TheCornell Lab of Ornithology'sBirds of the World treats the two groups separately within its account of the lemon-throated barbetsensu lato.[6] At various times, including as recently as 2014,aurantiicollis has been treated as a separate species called flame-throated barbet.[4][7]
The "lemon-throated" barbet is approximately 15.5 cm (6.1 in) long and weighs 24.5 to 34 g (0.86 to 1.20 oz). The male of the nominate subspecies has a red crown, gray-blue nape, and green upperparts. Its throat is yellow, the breast orange-red, and the belly and flanks greenish with dark streaks. The female is duller, with a gray-green crown, nape, and upperparts. Its throat is bluish, the breast orange-gold, and the underparts bluish yellow with dark streaks. The maleE. r. nigriceps has a black crown and both sexes have blue-green upperparts.[6]
The "flame-throated" barbet is 14.5 to 15.5 cm (5.7 to 6.1 in) long and weighs 26 to 42 g (0.92 to 1.48 oz), heavier than the two "lemon-throated" subspecies.E. r. aurantiicollis differs from the nominate by having a yellow nape, upperparts that are a yellower green, a more orange throat, and a redder breast. The female is similar to the nominate but less yellow in the throat and breast. TheE. r. purusianus male is paler than the nominate and more pinkish on the breast. The female's breast band is the same orange-gold as the nominate's but narrower.[6]
The lemon-throated barbet is a bird of the westernAmazon Basin. The four subspecies are found thus:[6]
All of the subspecies inhabit the same forest types, lowlandterra firme and densesecondary forest and their edges and clearings. They also are found in the edges ofvárzea forest. They are more numerous in maturing forest near rivers and lakes than in fully mature forest. In elevation they range from the lowlands to 1,375 m (4,511 ft) in Colombia, 1,200 m (3,900 ft) in Ecuador, 1,100 m (3,600 ft) in Bolivia, and 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in Peru.[6]
The diet of the "flame-throated" barbet is fruits andarthropods, approximately evenly divided. It forages alone or in pairs from the canopy of the forest to within 5 m (16 ft) of the forest floor, but more commonly between 12 and 24 m (39 and 79 ft). It also frequently joinsmixed-species foraging flocks. It spends more than one-third of its foraging time feeding on insects in dead leaf clusters. The "lemon throated" barbet's diet and foraging behavior have not been documented but are assumed to be very similar.[6]
The "lemon-throated" barbet's breeding season appears to be from April to November though it may begin in February. Its nest and eggs have not been described. The "flame-throated" barbet's breedingphenology has not been studied, though its breeding season is believed to start earlier than that of the nominate subspecies.[6]
The songs of the four lemon-throated barbet subspecies do not differ substantially. Their song is "soft double or usually triple 'hoo' notes in [a] fast, trill-like series"[1]. Its calls are "various grunts and snarls"[2].[6]
TheIUCN treatsEubucco richardsoni andE. aurantiicollis as separate species and has assessed both as being of Least Concern. Though their populations are unknown and are believed to be decreasing, those criteria have not reached the values needed for a more critical rating.[2][1] Both occur in several protected areas.[6]
