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Legislature II of Italy II legislatura della Repubblica Italiana
2nd legislature
Type
Type	bicameral
Houses	Chamber of Deputies Senate of the Republic
History
Founded	25 June 1953 (1953-06-25)
Disbanded	11 June 1958 (1958-06-11) (4 years, 351 days)
Preceded by	I Legislature
Succeeded by	III Legislature
Leadership
President of the Senate	Cesare Merzagora, Ind since 25 June 1953
President of the Chamber of Deputies	Giovanni Gronchi,DC (25 June 1953 – 29 April 1955) Giovanni Leone,DC (10 May 1955 – 11 June 1958)
Structure
Seats	590 (C) 237 (S)
Chamber of Deputies political groups	DC (263)  PCI (143)  PSI (75)  PNM (40)  MSI (29)  PSDI (19)  PLI (14)  PRI (5)  SVP (3)
Senate political groups	DC (112)  PCI (52)  PSI (26)  PNM (14)  MSI (9)  PSDI (4)  PLI (3)  SVP (2)  ADN (1)   Others (15)
Elections
Chamber of Deputiesvoting system	Proportional with majority bonus
Senatevoting system	Proportional
Last general election	7 June 1953
Meeting place
Palazzo Montecitorio,Rome (C)
Palazzo Madama,Rome (S)
Website
Second Legislature – Chamber of Deputies Second Legislature – Senate
Constitution
Constitution of Italy

TheLegislature II of Italy (Italian:II Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) was the 2nd legislature of theItalian Republic, and lasted from 25 June 1953 until 11 June 1958.^[1][2] Its composition was the one resulting from thegeneral election of 7 June 1953.

The election was characterized by changes in the electoral law. Even if the general structure remained uncorrupted, the government introduced asuperbonus of two thirds of seats in theChamber of Deputies for the coalition which would obtainat-large theabsolute majority of votes. The change was hugely opposed by the opposition parties as well as the smaller DC coalition partners, which had no realistic chances of success. The new law was calledScam Law by its detractors, including some dissidents of minor government parties who founded special opposition groups to deny the artificial landslide to the DC.

The complaint campaign of the oppositions against theScam Law reached its goal. TheCentrist coalition (DC,PSDI,PLI,PRI) won 49.9% of the national vote, coming just a few thousand votes short of the threshold for a two-thirds majority. Instead, the election resulted in an ordinary proportional distribution of the seats. Minor dissident parties resulted determinant for the final result, especially the short-livedNational Democratic Alliance (ADN). Technically, the government won the election, with a clear workingmajority of seats in both houses. But frustration at the failure to garner the expected supermajority caused big problems for the leading coalition. De Gasperi was forced to resign and the legislature continued with many weak governments, with minor parties refusing institutional responsibilities. Because of the extreme governmental instability and the consequent absence of considerable reforms proposed by the government, the legislature was later defined by some historians "the lost legislature".

After De Gasperi lost the support of the Parliament,Giuseppe Pella rose to power, but fell after five months only, following strong disputes about the status of theFree Territory of Trieste which Pella was claiming.Amintore Fanfani not receiving avote of confidence,Mario Scelba andAntonio Segni followed with more traditional centrist coalitions supported byPSDI andPLI: under the administration of the first one, the problem ofTrieste was closed cedingKoper toYugoslavia. The parliamentary term was closed by the minority government chaired byAdone Zoli, finishing a legislature which hugely weakened the office of the Prime Minister, held by six different rulers. Zoli himself governed for more than one year as a care-taker Prime Minister, after having resigned when the neo-fascistMSI resulted decisive in the government's investiture confidence vote. Zoli remained in office after being invited by President Gronchi to govern until the natural dissolution of the legislature in 1958.

On 28 April 1955 the Parliament metto elect the second President of Italy. On 29 April 1955 the President of the Chamber of DeputiesGiovanni Gronchi was elected on the fourth ballot with 658 votes out of 843.

Prime Minister			Party	Term of office		Government	Composition
				Took office	Left office
		Alcide De Gasperi (1881–1954)	Christian Democracy	16 July 1953	17 August 1953	De Gasperi VIII	DC
		Giuseppe Pella (1902–1981)	Christian Democracy	17 August 1953	18 January 1954	Pella	DC
		Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999)	Christian Democracy	18 January 1954	10 February 1954	Fanfani I	DC
		Mario Scelba (1901–1991)	Christian Democracy	10 February 1954	6 July 1955	Scelba	DC  • PLI  • PSDI (Centrism)
		Antonio Segni (1891–1972)	Christian Democracy	6 July 1955	19 May 1957	Segni I	DC  • PLI  • PSDI (Centrism)
		Adone Zoli (1887–1960)	Christian Democracy	19 May 1957	1 July 1958	Zoli	DC

Confidence votes

De Gasperi VIII Cabinet

[edit]

28 July 1953 Investiture votes for De Gasperi VIII Cabinet
House ofParliament	Vote	Parties	Votes
Chamber of Deputies (Voting: 545 of 590, Majority: 273)	YYes	DC	263 / 545
	NNo	PCI,PSI,PRI,MSI,PNM	282 / 545

No confidence granted.

Pella Cabinet

[edit]

22–24 August 1953 Investiture votes for Pella Cabinet
House ofParliament	Vote	Parties	Votes
Senate of the Republic (Voting: 236 of 237, Majority: 119)	YYes	DC,PNM,PLI,SVP	140 / 236
	NNo	PCI,PSI	86 / 236
	Abstention	MSI,PSDI	10 / 236
Chamber of Deputies (Voting: 530 of 590, Majority: 266)	YYes	DC,PNM,PLI,SVP	315 / 530
	NNo	PCI,PSI,PLI,MSI,PRI	215 / 530

Fanfani I Cabinet

[edit]

30 January 1954 Investiture votes for Fanfani I Cabinet
House ofParliament	Vote	Parties	Votes
Chamber of Deputies (Voting: 563 of 590, Majority: 282)	YYes	DC	260 / 563
	NNo	PCI,PSI,PRI,MSI,PNM,PLI,PSDI	303 / 563

No confidence granted.

Scelba Cabinet

[edit]

26 February–10 March 1954 Investiture votes for Scelba Cabinet
House ofParliament	Vote	Parties	Votes
Senate of the Republic (Voting: 236 of 237, Majority: 118)	YYes	DC,PLI,PSDI,SVP	123 / 236
	NNo	PCI,PSI,PNM,MSI	110 / 235
	Abstention	Others	2 / 235
Chamber of Deputies (Voting: 583 of 590, Majority: 292)	YYes	DC,PLI,PRI,PSDI,SVP	300 / 583
	NNo	PCI,PSI,PNM,MSI	283 / 583

Segni I Cabinet

[edit]

18–22 July 1955 Investiture votes for Segni Cabinet
House ofParliament	Vote	Parties	Votes
Chamber of Deputies (Voting: 558 of 590, Majority: 280)	YYes	DC,PLI,PRI,PSDI,SVP	293 / 558
	NNo	PCI,PSI,PNM,MSI	265 / 558
Senate of the Republic (Voting: 224 of 237, Majority: 113)	YYes	DC,PLI,PSDI,SVP	121 / 224
	NNo	PCI,PSI,PNM,MSI	100 / 224
	Abstention	Others	3 / 224

Zoli Cabinet

[edit]

4–7 June 1957 Investiture votes for Zoli Cabinet
House ofParliament	Vote	Parties	Votes
Senate of the Republic (Voting: 229 of 237, Majority: 115)	YYes	DC,PNM,MSI	132 / 229
	NNo	PCI,PSI,PLI,PSDI	93 / 229
	Abstention	Others	4 / 229
Chamber of Deputies (Voting: 560 of 590, Majority: 281)	YYes	DC,PNM,MSI	305 / 560
	NNo	PCI,PSI,PLI,PSDI	255 / 560

Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies:Giovanni Gronchi (1953–1955) andGiovanni Leone (1955–1958)

• President:
  • Giovanni Gronchi (DC), elected on 25 June 1953 and resigned on 29 April 1955;
  • Giovanni Leone (DC), elected on 10 May 1955.
• Vice Presidents:Giovanni Leone (DC, until 10 May 1955),Gaetano Martino (PLI, until 10 February 1954),Cino Macrelli (Ind, from 5 March 1954),Edoardo D'Onofrio (PCI),Ferdinando Targetti (PSI),Giuseppe Rapelli (DC, from 27 September 1955)

Parliamentary groups in the Chamber of Deputies

Initial composition[3] (25 June 1953)					Final composition[3] (11 June 1958)
Parliamentary group			Seats		Parliamentary group			Seats	Change
	Christian Democracy		263			Christian Democracy		260	3
	Italian Communist Party		143			Italian Communist Party		142	1
	Italian Socialist Party		75			Italian Socialist Party		75
	Monarchist National Party		40			Monarchist National Party		22	1
						People's Monarchist Party		17
	Italian Social Movement		29			Italian Social Movement		23	6
	Italian Democratic Socialist Party		19			Italian Democratic Socialist Party		18	1
	Italian Liberal Party		13			Italian Liberal Party		14	1
	Mixed		8			Mixed		19	11
		Italian Republican Party	5				Italian Republican Party	5
		Südtiroler Volkspartei	3				Südtiroler Volkspartei	3
							Independents – Non inscrits	11	11
Total seats			590		Total seats			590

• President:Cesare Merzagora (Ind), elected on 25 June 1953
• Vice Presidents:Michele De Pietro (DC, until 17 January 1954 and then from 4 July 1957),Giorgio Bo (DC, until 18 May 1957),Mauro Scoccimarro (PCI),Enrico Molé (PSDI),Mario Cingolani (DC, from 24 February 1954)

Parliamentary groups in the Senate of the Republic

Initial composition[4] (25 June 1953)					Final composition[4] (11 June 1958)
Parliamentary group			Seats		Parliamentary group			Seats	Change
	Christian Democracy		112			Christian Democracy		110	2
	Italian Communist Party		52			Italian Communist Party		49	3
	Italian Socialist Party		26			Italian Socialist Party		27	1
	Monarchist National Party		14			Monarchist National Party		15	1
	Italian Social Movement		9			Italian Social Movement		9
	Social Democratic–Liberal		8			Social Democratic–Liberal		10	2
	Mixed		15			Mixed		16	1
		Südtiroler Volkspartei	2				Südtiroler Volkspartei	2
		Independents – Non inscrits	13				Independents – Non inscrits	14	1
Total seats			237		Total seats			237

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