Leeds United Football Club is a professionalfootball club based inLeeds, West Yorkshire, England. The club competes in theChampionship, the second tier ofEnglish football.
Leeds United have won theLeague Championship three times, fourSecond Division titles, theFA Cup once, theLeague Cup once, theCharity Shield twice and theInter-Cities Fairs Cup twice. The club had their most successful period under the management ofDon Revie in the 1960s and 1970s, when they won the League title twice, the FA Cup once, the League Cup once and the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup twice. The club have also been runners-up five times in the League Championship, three times in the FA Cup, once each in the League Cup, the Charity Shield, the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, theCup Winners' Cup and theEuropean Cup, and lostthe play-off to keep the Inter-City Fairs Cup trophy.
The club has rivalries withManchester United andChelsea. The team's traditional kit colours are white shirts, white shorts and white socks. Their badge features theWhite Rose of York, which is a symbol ofYorkshire.
Blue plaque commemorating the foundation of Leeds United in 1919
Leeds United's predecessor,Leeds City, was formed in 1904,[4] and elected to League membership in 1905.[4]Herbert Chapman arrived in 1912.[4] In 1919, Leeds City were forcibly disbanded bythe Football League,[4] in response to allegations of illegal payments to players during the First World War.[4] AtSalem Chapel in 1919, Leeds United was formed,[5][6] and they received an invitation to enter theMidland League, being voted into it on 31 October 1919,[7] taking the place vacated by Leeds City Reserves. Following Leeds City's disbanding,Yorkshire Amateurs bought Elland Road stadium, and then sold it to Leeds United for £250.[8]
The first Leeds United team at the start of the 1920–21 season
On 31 May 1920, Leeds United were elected to theFootball League.[4] Over the following years, they consolidated their position in theSecond Division and in the1923–24 season won the title and with it promotion to the First Division.[9] however, they failed to establish themselves and were relegated in1926–27.[9] After their relegation, Fairclough resigned,[9] which paved the way for Dick Ray to return as manager.[10] In the years up until the start of World War II Leeds were twice relegated; on both occasions they were re-promoted the following season.[citation needed]
On 5 March 1935, Dick Ray resigned after 8 years being manager,[10] and was replaced byBilly Hampson,[10] who remained in charge for 12 years.[10] In the1946–47 season after the war, Leeds were relegated again, with the worst league record in their history. After this season, Hampson resigned (he stayed with Leeds as their chief scout for eight months) and was replaced in April 1947 byWillis Edwards.[10] In 1948, Sam Bolton replaced Ernest Pullan as the chairman of Leeds United. Edwards was moved to assistant manager in April 1948 after just one year as manager. He was replaced byFrank Buckley.[10]
Leeds remained in the Second Division until1955–56, when they once again won promotion to the First Division, inspired byJohn Charles. Charles was hungry for success at the highest level, and managerRaich Carter was unable to convince him that Leeds could satisfy his ambitions. Charles was sold toJuventus for a then world record of £65,000. The loss of Charles resulted in Leeds being relegated to the Second Division in the1959–60 season.[citation needed] On 30 November 1957, Gerry Francis became Leeds' first black player.[11]
In March 1961, the club appointed former playerDon Revie as manager,[10] following the resignation of Jack Taylor.[10] His stewardship began in adverse circumstances; the club was "in financial difficulty"[12] and in1961–62 only a win in the final game of the season saved the club from relegation to theThird Division.[13] Revie implemented a youth policy and a change of kit colour to an all-white strip in the style of Real Madrid,[14] and Leeds won promotion to the First Division in1963–64.[citation needed]
The1966–67 season saw Leeds finish fourth in the league, as well as reaching the semi-finals of the FA Cup, losing 1–0 toChelsea andthe final of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, losing 2–0 toGNK Dinamo Zagreb.[18]
With Leeds failing to land a trophy, they nearly doubledtheir record transfer in1967–68, buyingSheffield United centre-forwardMick Jones for £100,000.[19] The season saw Leeds win their first major trophy, theLeague Cup, withTerry Cooper scoring the only goal of a 1–0 victory againstArsenal inthe final.[20] Leeds finished fourth in the First Division and were beaten in the FA Cup semi-finals by Everton.[21][22] They also reached a second successive Inter-Cities Fairs Cupfinal and this time won the trophy, beating Hungarian clubFerencváros over two legs; Leeds won the first leg 1–0, and a month later defended their lead with a 0–0 draw inBudapest.[23]
Having found success in both domestic and European cup competitions, manager Revie chose to focus on the league for the1968–69 season.[24] Leeds secured the title in April 1969 with a 0–0 draw with challengers Liverpool atAnfield, whose supporters congratulated Leeds.[25] Leeds set a number of records including most points (67), most wins (27), fewest defeats (2), and most home points (39); a still-unbroken club record is their 34 match unbeaten run that extended into the following season.[26][27] Leeds reinforced their front line breaking theBritish transfer record by signingAllan Clarke fromLeicester City for £165,000.[28] They targetedthe treble in1969–70 and came close to achieving this, only to fail on all three fronts in a congested close season, finishing second in the league to Everton, losing the1970 FA Cup final to Chelsea (after a replay), and exiting theEuropean Cup with a semi-final defeat toCeltic.[29]
Having rejected an offer to manage Birmingham City, Revie chose to remain at Leeds for the1970–71 season.[30] Leeds and Arsenal both challenged for the title that season, though it would be the Gunners who would claim the league title, finishing one point ahead of Leeds after the latter lost toWest Bromwich Albion following a controversial "offside" goal.[31] United were also knocked out of the FA Cup byFourth Division sideColchester United.[32] Leeds again found success in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup though, beating Juventus inthe final on away goals.[33] Leeds again finished as runners-up in the1971–72 season, but United did reach the1972 FA Cup final, lifting the trophy after a 1–0 victory over Arsenal in the final.[34][35]
In the1972–73 season, the Whites again came close to a Treble, but they finished third in the league, losing the1973 FA Cup final to Second Division Sunderland 1–0 against all expectations,[36][37] and reachedthe final of theEuropean Cup Winners' Cup against Italian clubAC Milan at theKaftanzoglio Stadium, where they were beaten 1–0 following some controversial refereeing byChristos Michas who was later banned by UEFA for 'fixing' other matches.[38] Revie was offered the managers role at Everton in the summer, but chose to remain at Leeds. The following season, they won the1973–74 First Division with a five-point lead over second-placed Liverpool.[39] Revie chose to take the job ofEngland national team manager at the end of the 1973–74 season.[40]
In his 13 years in charge, Revie guided Leeds to two Football League First Division titles, one FA Cup, one League Cup, two Inter-Cities Fairs Cups, one Football League Second Division title and one Charity Shield. He also guided them to three more FA Cup Finals, two more FA Cup Semi-finals, one more Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Semi-final, one European Cup Winners' Cup Final and one European Cup Semi-final. The team also finished second in the Football League First Division five times, third once and fourth twice. In a survey of leading football writers, historians and academics byTotal Sport magazine, Revie's Leeds United were voted as one of the 50 greatest football teams of all time.[41]
1974–1988: Post-Revie and relegation
Following the 1973–74 season, Revie left Leeds and Elland Road to manage theEngland national team.Brian Clough was appointed as Revie's successor.[10] This was a surprise appointment, as Clough had been an outspoken critic of Revie and the team's tactics.[42] Clough's tenure as manager started badly, with defeat in theCharity Shield against Liverpool in whichBilly Bremner andKevin Keegan were sent off for fighting. Under Clough, the team performed poorly, and after only 44 days[43] he was dismissed.[10]
Clough was replaced by former England captainJimmy Armfield.[10] Armfield took Revie's ageing team to thefinal of the1974–75 European Cup, in which they were defeated byBayern Munich under controversial circumstances.[44] Assisted by coachDon Howe, Armfield rebuilt Revie's team, and though it no longer dominated English football, it remained in the top ten for subsequent seasons. However, the board became impatient for success and dismissed Armfield in 1978,[10] replacing him withJock Stein,[10] who also lasted just 44 days before leaving to manageScotland.[10] The board appointedJimmy Adamson,[10] but he was unable to stop the decline, and in 1980 Adamson resigned and was replaced by former player Allan Clarke.[10] Despite spending freely on players, he was unable to stem the tide, and the club was relegated at the end of1981–82. Clarke was replaced by former teammateEddie Gray.[10]
With no money to spend on team building, Gray concentrated on youth development, but was unable to guide them to promotion from the Second Division.[45] The board again became impatient and dismissed Gray in 1985, replacing him with another Revie teammate, Billy Bremner.[10] Bremner found it just as difficult to achieve promotion, although Leeds reached the 1987play-off final, but were defeated byCharlton Athletic. Leeds also endured a near miss in the FA Cup, losing out toCoventry City in the semi-finals.[46]
1988–2002: Wilkinson, Graham and O'Leary
In October 1988, with the team 21st in the Second Division, Bremner was fired to make way forHoward Wilkinson.[10] Leeds avoided relegation that season, and in March 1989 signedGordon Strachan from Manchester United for £300,000. The Scottish midfielder was named captain, and helped Leeds win the Second Division in1989–90 and gain promotion back to the First Division.[47] Leeds finished fourth in1990–91, and in the1991–92 season they became champions of England for the third time. During the close season Leeds were founder members of the newPremier League, which became the top division of English football. However, the1992–93 season saw Leeds exiting theChampions League in the early stages, and eventually finishing 17th in the league (having won no away matches in the league), narrowly avoiding relegation. Wilkinson's Leeds were unable to provide any consistent challenge for honours, and his position was not helped by a poor display in the1996 League Cup final which Leeds lost toAston Villa. Leeds could only finish 13th in1995–96, and after a 4–0 home defeat by Manchester United early in1996–97, Wilkinson had his contract terminated.[10] One of the legacies of Wilkinson and youth coachPaul Hart was the development of Leeds United's youth academy, which has produced numerous talented footballers over the years.[citation needed]
Leeds appointedGeorge Graham as Wilkinson's successor.[10] This appointment was controversial as Graham had previously received a one-year ban fromThe Football Association for receiving illegal payments from a football agent.[48] Graham made some astute purchases and also helped blood youngsters from Leeds' youth cup winning side. By the end of the 1997–98 season, Leeds had qualified for the following season'sUEFA Cup. In October 1998, Graham left to become manager ofTottenham Hotspur, and Leeds opted to replace him with assistant managerDavid O'Leary.[10]
Under O'Leary and assistant Eddie Gray, Leeds never finished outside the top five in the Premier League, and secured qualification for both the UEFA Cup and theUEFA Champions League, enjoying cup runs to the semi-finals of both competitions. However, during the same period, the team's image was tarnished when playersJonathan Woodgate andLee Bowyer were involved in an incident that left an Asian student in hospital with severe injuries. The resulting court case took nearly two years to resolve; Bowyer was cleared, but Woodgate convicted ofaffray and sentenced to community service. Additionally, in theUEFA Cup semi-final againstGalatasaray inIstanbul, two Leeds fans were stabbed to death before the game.[49][50]
2002–2010: Financial crisis and decline
Under chairmanPeter Ridsdale, Leeds had taken out large loans against the prospect of the share of the TV rights and sponsorship revenues from Champions League qualification and subsequent progress in the competition. However, Leeds narrowly failed to qualify for the Champions League in two successive seasons, and as a consequence did not receive enough income to repay the loans. The first indication that the club was in financial trouble was the sale ofRio Ferdinand to Manchester United for approximately £30 million.[51] Ridsdale and O'Leary publicly fell out over the sale, and O'Leary was dismissed on 27 June 2002,[10] and replaced by former England managerTerry Venables.[52] Leeds performed woefully under Venables, and other players were sold to repay the loans, including Jonathan Woodgate, whom Ridsdale had promised Venables would not be sold. Tensions mounted between Ridsdale and Venables and, with the team underachieving, Venables was dismissed on 21 March 2003,[10] and replaced byPeter Reid.[53][54] Ridsdale resigned from the Leeds board and was replaced by existing non-executive director Professor John McKenzie. At this time Leeds were in danger of relegation, but managed to avoid the drop in the penultimate game of the season, beating Arsenal 3–2 away with a late strike byMark Viduka.[citation needed]
Reid was given a permanent contract at Leeds the following summer and brought in several players on loan. An unsuccessful start to the2003–04 season saw Reid dismissed, and Eddie Gray take over ascaretaker manager until the end of the season. Aninsolvency specialist,Gerald Krasner, led a consortium of local businessmen which took over Leeds and oversaw the sale of the club's assets, including senior and emerging youth players of any value. Leeds were relegated during the 2003–04 season.[citation needed]
Following relegation to theChampionship, assistant managerKevin Blackwell was appointed manager. Most of the remaining players were sold or released on free transfers to further reduce the high wage bill; Blackwell was forced to rebuild almost the entire squad through free transfers, and Leeds were forced to sell both their training ground and stadium in the autumn of 2004.[55][56]
In 2005, the club was bought byKen Bates, who paid £10 million[57] for a 50% stake.[58] Under Blackwell, Leeds reached theChampionship play-off final, which they lost toWatford.[59] With the team performing poorly, Blackwell's contract was terminated,[60] and Leeds hiredJohn Carver as caretaker manager,[10] but his spell was not a success and he was relieved of his duties, withDennis Wise eventually installed as his replacement on 24 October 2006.[10] Wise was unable to lift the team out of the relegation zone for much of the season, despite bringing in a number of experienced loan players and free transfers on short-term deals. With relegation virtually assured, Leeds enteredadministration on 4 May 2007, thus incurring a league-imposed 10-point deduction that officially relegated the club to the third tier of English football;[61][62] the club had previously never played any lower than the second tier. The players whom Wise had brought in were released; he was forced to build a squad almost from scratch, and because of administration Leeds were unable to sign any players until a few days before the opening game of the season.[citation needed]
On 3 July 2007,HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) lodged a legal challenge to Leeds' Creditors' Voluntary Agreement (CVA).[63] Under league rules, if the club were still in administration at the start of the following season, Leeds would have been prevented from starting their season by the Football League.[64][65] Following the challenge by HMRC, the club was put up for sale byKPMG,[66] and again Ken Bates' bid was accepted.[67] The League eventually sanctioned this under the "exceptional circumstances rule" but imposed a 15-point deduction due to the club failing to exit administration with a CVA, as the Football League rules required.[68] On 31 August 2007, HMRC decided not to pursue its legal challenge any further.[69]
Despite the 15-point deduction, Wise and his assistantGus Poyet guided Leeds to a play-off position, only for Poyet to leave for Tottenham, and Wise quitting to take up a position atNewcastle United.[70] Wise was replaced by former club captainGary McAllister.[71] Leeds went on to secure a place in the play-off final, but were beaten byDoncaster Rovers. The following season saw a poor run of results, and McAllister was dismissed after a run of five defeats in a row on 22 December 2008.[10] He was replaced bySimon Grayson,[10] who resigned from his post as manager ofBlackpool to take the position.[72] Under Grayson, Leeds made the play-offs once again, but were beaten over the two legs of the semi-finals byMillwall.[citation needed]
In the2009–10 season, the team secured the best start ever to a season by a Leeds side, and caused a major upset in the third round of the FA Cup by beating Manchester United atOld Trafford.[73] After the impressive run in the FA Cup, Leeds' league form suffered, with the team taking just seven points from a possible 24. However, the team rallied and Leeds won their final game of the season to confirm promotion to the Championship as runners-up toNorwich City.[citation needed]
2010–2020: Return to the Championship
Leeds spent much of the 2010–11 season in the play-off places, but eventually finished in seventh place, just missing out on the play-offs.[citation needed]
In May 2011, it was announced that Leeds chairman Ken Bates had bought the club and become the owner of Leeds.[74] Before the match against Middlesbrough, about 300 Leeds fans protested about what they saw as a lack of investment in the playing side, to which Bates responded by calling the protesters "morons".[75]
Despite securing promotion to the Championship, Grayson was dismissed after failing to mount a consistent challenge for promotion to the Premier League.[76]Neil Warnock was appointed as the club's new manager on 18 February,[10] with his initial contract lasting until the end of the 2012–13 season.[77]
On 21 November 2012, Middle East-based private equity group GFH Capital finalised a deal for a protracted takeover of Leeds, gaining a 100% shareholding in the club. It was also announced Ken Bates would remain as chairman until the end of the 2012–13 season and then become club president.[78] The takeover was officially completed on 21 December 2012.[79]
Despite runs to the quarter-finals of the League Cup and the fifth round of the FA Cup (albeit with both runs ending in five-goal thrashings, by Chelsea and Manchester City respectively), Leeds' league form in the 2012–13 season was generally mediocre, with the club never making any real challenge for the play-off places. Warnock resigned on 1 April 2013,[10] with six games remaining, and Leeds just five points above the relegation zone.[80]Brian McDermott replaced Warnock,[10] and the club won three of their final five games of the season, enough to avoid relegation. That summer, Bates stepped down as chairman, and ultimately left the club altogether a few weeks later following a dispute over expenses.[citation needed]
On 7 January 2014, Leeds United's managing directorDavid Haigh was involved in Sport Capital, a consortium involving the managing director of Leeds United's main sponsors, Enterprise Insurance, Andrew Flowers. Sports Capital came close to completing a transaction with GFH Capital that would have given them a 75% stake in the business.[81]
On 30 January, Sport Capital's takeover collapsed due to a lack of "financial backing". Haigh released a statement conceding that it was unable to complete a deal despite two months ago agreeing to purchase a 75% stake in the club from the owners Gulf Finance House. Haigh said he and Sport Capital had "injected substantial sums into the club to ensure its viability" but earlier in the week fellow consortium member Andrew Flowers, the managing director of Leeds' shirt sponsor Enterprise Insurance, stated that GFH had "breached their covenant with us" after inviting a rival bid fromMassimo Cellino, the president of theSerie A clubCagliari Calcio.[82] Haigh's statement read:
As fans know, we signed a share acquisition agreement with GFH Capital at the end of last year. This meant, I believed, that we were in a position to move things forward and complete the transaction in time for the January transfer window. ... Unfortunately, however, some of the consortium's backers ultimately didn't feel able to deliver the financial backing we had hoped was agreed to take the club forward.[83]
On 31 January 2014, under controversial circumstances, it was reported that manager Brian McDermott had been removed from his position as the club's manager following a string of poor results, while the controversy surrounding the club was resolved.[84] New club captainRoss McCormack expressed his support for the former manager.[85] By 3 February the BBC was reporting that McDermott had been called by a lawyer representing Massimo Cellino "and told he had been relieved of his duties". However, Cellino still did not own the club, as the Football League had not yet approved his purchase, so neither he nor his lawyer could dismiss the manager. McDermott, therefore, remained in his post.[86]
After weeks of speculation regarding the purchase of Leeds United,[87] on 7 February 2014, Leeds United had announced that they had exchanged contracts for the sale of Leeds to Cellino's family consortium Eleonora Sport Ltd. The deal saw the Cellino family acquire a 75% ownership of the club, subject to Football League Approval.[88]
At its meeting on 23 March 2014, the board of the Football League decided unanimously that Cellino's conviction by an Italian court meant that he did not meet its owners and directors test, so could not take over Leeds United.[89]
In the backdrop of Cellino's takeover, Leeds suffered an appalling second half of the season, dropping from the play-off places to the fringes of the relegation battle. In the end, the weak performances of the teams below Leeds meant that they were never in any real danger of going down, and a late run of wins put survival beyond doubt well before the end of the season. However, McDermott resigned as manager on 30 May 2014.[10]
On 5 April, Cellino was successful in his appeal with independentQC Tim Kerr to take over the club.[90] The takeover was completed on 10 April, with Cellino's company, Eleonora Sport Limited, buying 75% of the club's shares.[91] Two months later, the inexperiencedDave Hockaday was surprisingly appointed head coach,[10] withJunior Lewis hired as his assistant. After only 70 days, the pair were fired by Cellino.[92][93]Darko Milanič was given the head coach position on 21 September 2014,[10] becoming the club's first manager from outside the British isles and the first Slovene manager in English football, but left the club the following month.[94][95] On 1 November 2014,Neil Redfearn was confirmed as the new head coach.[96]
On 1 December 2014, Cellino was disqualified by the Football League after it obtained documents from an Italian court, where he was found guilty of tax evasion.[97] He was disqualified from running the club until 10 April 2015, and on 24 February 2015, Cellino announced he would not be returning to the club after his ban ended.[98] Redfearn was replaced by former Manchester City PlayerUwe Rösler as head coach in May 2015,[99] but Rosler was himself replaced bySteve Evans after only a few months in the role.[100]
On 30 October 2015, Cellino agreed a deal in principle withLeeds Fans Utd to sell a majority stake in the club.[101][102] When asked to legally commit to an exclusivity period to allowdue diligence to commence, he reneged.[103]
On 2 June 2016,Garry Monk was appointed as the new head coach, replacing Steve Evans.[104] On 4 January 2017, Italian businessmanAndrea Radrizzani purchased a 50% stake in the club from Massimo Cellino.[105] At the close of the 2016–17 season, Leeds narrowly missed out on the play-offs. Leeds had been in the play-off positions for the majority of the season before a poor run of form in the final games saw them drop into seventh place. This was compounded by being knocked out in the fourth round of the FA Cup by non-League sideSutton United 1–0, who, at the time, were 83 places and three divisions below Leeds.[106]
On 23 May 2017, Radrizzani announced a 100% buyout of Leeds United, buying the remaining 50% shares from previous co-owner Massimo Cellino, with Radrizzani taking full ownership of the club.[107] Garry Monk resigned as head coach two days after the takeover, after one season at the club in which he guided them to seventh place.[108] In June 2017, formerSpain internationalThomas Christiansen was announced as the new head coach.[109] This was followed by Radrizzani introducingLeeds United Women back to Leeds United ownership.[110] Also in June, Radrizzani completed the purchase of Elland Road from Jacob Adler's company, Teak Commercial Limited for £20 million, using his own company Greenfield Investment Pte Ltd.[111]
On 4 February 2018, Christiansen was dismissed,[10] after a bad run of games, leaving the team tenth in the Championship. On 6 February,Paul Heckingbottom was confirmed as Christiansen's replacement.[10] On 24 May 2018, Leeds announced that49ers Enterprises, the business arm of theNFL sideSan Francisco 49ers, had bought shares in the club to become a minority investor.[112] Heckingbottom was dismissed by Leeds in June 2018 after being at the club for just four months.[113]
Argentine managerMarcelo Bielsa was named the club's new manager on 15 June 2018,[10] signing a two-year contract with an option of a third year. In doing so he became the highest-paid manager in the club's history.[114][115] Bielsa's first season in charge saw Leeds make an impressive start and Leeds remained in the top two with Norwich City for the majority of the season, on course for automatic promotion to the Premier League. However, a poor end to the season saw the team lose out on automatic promotion to Sheffield United.[116] They entered the play-offs againstDerby County; despite winning the first leg 1–0, they ultimately lost 4–3 on aggregate which consigned them to another season in the championship.[117]
2020–present: Return to the Premier League and relegation
On 17 July 2020, after sixteen years out of the Premier League, Leeds were promoted back to the top flight following West Bromwich Albion's loss to Huddersfield Town.[118]Stoke City's defeat ofBrentford the following day confirmed they would go up as winners of the Championship.[119] Leeds had been in the top two for most of the season and had never dropped lower than fifth in the table, eventually going on to finish ten points clear of West Brom in second place.[118]
The club's first season back in the Premier League produced a top half finish, their points tally was the most by a newly promoted side sinceIpswich Town two decades earlier.[120] However, the following season was not as successful and following a series of poor results, Bielsa was dismissed by the club in February 2022.[121]Jesse Marsch was appointed as Bielsa's replacement, and he successfully led the club to avoid relegation on the final day of the season.[122] Marsch was dismissed by the club in February 2023,[123] and was replaced byJavi Gracia.[124] Gracia was dismissed on 3 May 2023,[10] having won just three of his twelve games in charge, and was replaced bySam Allardyce,[10] in the hope, he could avoid relegation for the second successive season.[125] However, he was unable to prevent relegation as Leeds dropped back into the Championship on the final day of the season.[126]
With Allardyce having left the club after relegation,[10]Daniel Farke was appointed as manager on 4 July 2023.[10] Farke had previously won the Championship twice withNorwich City.[127][128] On 18 July, 49ers Enterprises, then owning 44% of the shares in the club, reached agreement with Radrizzani to purchase the remaining 56% in a complete takeover.[129] Leeds missed out on promotion in their first season back in the Championship after losing theplay-off final toSouthampton.[130]
In Leeds' first 15 years, the club kit was modelled on Huddersfield Town's blue and white striped shirts, white shorts and dark blue socks with blue and white rings on the turnovers,[131][132] because Huddersfield's chairman Hilton Crowther was attempting to merge the two clubs.[132] He eventually left Huddersfield to take over at Leeds.[4]
In 1934, Leeds switched to blue and yellow halved shirts incorporating the city crest, white shorts and blue socks with yellow tops.[132] The kit was worn for the first time on 22 September 1934.[132] In 1950, Leeds switched to yellow shirts with blue sleeves and collars, white shorts and black, blue and gold hooped socks. In 1955, Leeds changed again to royal blue shirts with gold collars, white shorts, and blue and yellow hooped socks, thus echoing the original Leeds City strip.[132] In 1961, Don Revie introduced a plain white strip throughout.[citation needed]
Badge
Leeds United's first badge appeared in 1934. Like Leeds City before them, the club adopted thecoat of arms of Leeds, which remained on the kit in various guises until 1961.[133] For a number of seasons after 1961–62, when the all-white strip replaced the blue and gold, the shirts sported no badge at all.[citation needed]
A perching owl badge was added to the strip in 1964. The design was a surprise given Revie's superstition about the symbolism of birds. The owl derived from the three owls that feature on the city's coat of arms, which in turn were taken from the coat of arms of Sir John Savile, the firstalderman of Leeds. The owl was usually navy blue, but was coloured gold for the 1968 Football League Cup Final.[133]
Between 1971 and 1973, Leeds used the "LUFC" script that runs down the centre of the current badge, albeit in a diagonal fashion rather than the present vertical. The script made a reappearance on the 'retro-look' Asics kit used during the 1995–96 season. In 1973 came the embodiment of 1970s imagery with the iconic "smiley" badge, made up of the letters L and U in bubble writing. Revie's predilection for gimmicks was years ahead of its time, and done with the explicit intention of gaining acceptance from a public outside West Yorkshire.[132] In 1977, the smiley badge was rotated through 45° and the yellow and blue colours were reversed. The yellow smiley returned the following year, but was now enclosed in a circle surrounded by the words "LEEDS UNITED AFC".[citation needed]
In the 1978–79 season, a new badge appeared that was similar to that of the previous season, except now the words "LEEDS UNITED AFC" enclosed a stylised peacock (a reference to the club's nickname, "The Peacocks") rather than the yellow smiley.[citation needed]
In 1984, another badge was introduced which lasted until 1998. The distinctive rose and ball badge used the traditional blue, gold and white colours, and incorporated theWhite Rose of York, the club's name, and afootball (atruncated icosahedron similar to theAdidas Telstar, but in Leeds colours) in the core section.[133]
In the 1998–99 season, the club logo was replaced with a more "European" shield design. The shield retained the white rose, as well as the blue, gold and white colours, with "LUFC" reading vertically down the centre.[134] In 1999, the badge was slightly amended in that the football from the 1984 badge was added to the centre of the white rose.[133]
On 24 January 2018, Leeds United revealed a new blue and gold shield design featuring the 'Leeds Salute' via their official website and Twitter account to be used from the following season. The design received enormous backlash from supporters. The club agreed to scrap the design a week later, and reverted to the previous shield design.[citation needed]
On 20 February 2019, Leeds United revealed a predominantly gold coloured badge that would be worn on the players' kit during the club's centenary season. The badge retained the existing shield design, but replaced the "LUFC" script with the words "LEEDS UNITED" above and "100 YEARS" below the shield. The crest also carried the date "1919", the year that the club was founded, as well as the centenary year "2019".[citation needed]
Leeds United have only ever used one stadium as their home ground, Elland Road, where they have played at since their foundation in 1919. Anall-seater stadium situated inBeeston, Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, it is the14th largest football stadium in England. Elland Road was previously occupied by their predecessors, Leeds City before their disbanding.[135] After their formation, the council allowed them to rent the stadium until they could afford to buy it. With the exception of periods from the 1960s until 1983, and from 1997 to 2004, the local council owned the stadium.[136] However, it was sold by the club in October 2004, with a 25-year sale-leaseback deal being agreed, and a commercial buy-back clause also included for when the club's finances improve sufficiently.[citation needed]
Initially, the ground was the home of the Holbeck Rugby Club, which played in theNorthern Rugby Union, the forerunner of the Rugby Football League.[137] One of Leeds' first nicknames, 'The Peacocks', comes from the original name of Elland Road – 'The Old Peacock ground'. It was named by the original owners of the ground, Bentley's Brewery, after its pub The Old Peacock, which still faces the site.[138] The newly formed Leeds City agreed to rent and later own Elland Road. After their disbandment, it was sold to Leeds United. The most recent stand at Elland Road is the East, or Family, Stand, acantilever structure completed during the 1992–93 season that can hold 17,000 seated spectators. It is a two-tiered stand that continues around the corners and is the largest part of the stadium.The Don Revie Stand was opened at the start of the1994–95 season, and can hold just under 7,000 seated spectators.[specify] The roof of the West Stand holds a television commentary gantry and walkway for TV personnel. Elland Road was named in December 2009 as one of the contenders for the England 2018 World Cup bid. As a result of the bid, Leeds drew up plans to redevelop parts of Elland Road and increase the stadium's capacity. Ken Bates also revealed plans to take out the executive boxes out of the South Stand to increase the starting capacity by a further 2,000–3,000. More executive boxes would be built in the east stand.[citation needed]
Supporters
In 2003, Peter Reid commented on the support at Elland Road after being relieved of his managerial duties, saying that "In 30 years I've never seen support like I did at the Leeds/Arsenal game a couple of weeks ago. The fans at Leeds are fantastic."[139] Two other former Leeds managers have also spoken highly of the club's supporters; Kevin Blackwell said "fans will follow them everywhere" and David O'Leary commented "There is an immense fan base and they are still with the club".[140]
Leeds United supporters are renowned for singing the signature song "Marching on Together" before and during matches. Other notable songs Leeds fans sing during games include "We Are The Champions, Champions of Europe" (more commonly known as WACCOE) in reference to the 1975 European Cup Final which Leeds lost due to dubious refereeing decisions. Riots by the Leeds fans during the match led toUEFA banning the club from European competition for four years, although this was reduced to two years on appeal.[141] Supporters also have their own salute.[142]
AnLGBT fans' group,Marching Out Together, was formed in 2017 and sits on the club's Supporters' Advisory Group.[143] There is also a group for Sikh supporters, called Punjabi Whites.[144] The Leeds United Disabled Organisation (LUDO) was founded in 1992.[145] There is a well-known hooligan firm amongst the fans known as theLeeds United Service Crew.[146]
Leeds United's main rivals are widely considered to be Manchester United.[147] As the largest cities within the historic counties ofYorkshire andLancashire, animosity between the regions date back to theWars of the Roses, although more recent tensions between the football clubs date back to the 1960s and the iconic managers of Don Revie andMatt Busby.[148]The rivalry has been described as one of the fiercest in world football, and the most intense and inexplicable in England.[149] Alex Ferguson described Elland Road as 'hostile' and 'frightening', and stated that the ferocity of games between the two surpassed the ones with Liverpool.[150] The clubs have competed for league titles and cups in the 1960s, 1970s, 1990s, and early 2000s; while players such asJohnny Giles, Gordon Strachan, andEric Cantona have been highly successful after moving between the clubs.[151]
Leeds United's secondary rivals are generally regarded to be Chelsea,[147] which largely stems from the 1970 FA Cup Final.[152] The clubs competed at the top end of the Premier League in the late 1990s and early 2000s and games were often bad-tempered.[153][154] While the rivalry has subsided with Leeds' relegation, controversial figures such as Ken Bates and Dennis Wise – both of whom had long associations with Chelsea – presided over the club's relegation to the third division in 2007 and subsequent administration, prolonging the enmity.[155][156]
Leeds United also hold extreme bitterness towards the Turkish club Galatasaray following the deaths of the two supporters the night before a UEFA Cup semi-final in Istanbul in April 2000.[157] During the game, supporters of Galatasaray mocked the deaths, while their team refused to wear black armbands.[158] Then chairman Peter Ridsdale accused the club of 'lacking common decency'.[157]
The single "Leeds United" was released in April 1972 to coincide with the team reaching the 1972 FA Cup final, composed byLes Reed andBarry Mason with the team providing the vocals. The record stayed in theUK Singles Chart for almost three months, peaking at number 10.[159] The B-side "Leeds! Leeds! Leeds!"(commonly known asMarching on Together) has since become the club's anthem and is regularly sung by supporters.[160]
Jack Charlton holds the record for the most appearances for the club, having made 773 first team appearances between 1952–1973.[161]Peter Lorimer is the club's record goal scorer, scoring 238 goals across two spells.[161]John Charles scored the most goals for the club in a single season, 43 in1953–54.[161]Lucas Radebe is the most capped international for the club, making 69 appearances forSouth Africa.[161]
Leeds' record home attendance is 57,892 against Sunderland on 15 March 1967.[161] The club's highest league attendance is 56,796 against Arsenal on 27 December 1932.[162] This was before their stadium became an all-seater venue, their highest modern attendance is 40,287 against Newcastle United on 22 December 2001.[161]
Leeds' highest ever league finish is first in the First Division in the1968–69,1973–74 and1991–92 seasons. Their lowest ever league finish was fifth in League One in2007–08, finishing the season by losing to Doncaster Rovers in theplay-off final. This was their first ever season in the third level of English football.[163]
Leeds' longest ever unbeaten run in the league was between 19 October 1968 and 30 August 1969, to which they remained unbeaten for thirty-four games on their way to the First Division title.[164][161] Their longest run of consecutive victories in the league is nine, which they achieved between 26 September 1931 and 21 November 1931 (in the Second Division)[165] and also between 1 January and 23 February 2024 (in the Championship).[166]
The record transfer fee paid by Leeds for a player was around £30 million forHoffenheim forwardGeorginio Rutter.[167] The highest transfer fee received for a Leeds player was approximately £60 million fromBarcelona forRaphinha;[168] it surpassed their previous highest transfer fee received, when they sold Rio Ferdinand to Manchester United for a then transfer record for a defender twenty years earlier.[169]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined underFIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
The club's current manager Daniel Farke is the forty-first permanent holder of the position since Leeds were founded. Leeds have also had ten caretaker managers, three of whom had previously occupied the role on a full-time basis, and one of whom occupied the role three times. The most successful manager of Leeds United is Don Revie, who won two First Division titles, two Inter-Cities Fairs Cups, one Second Division title, one FA Cup, one League Cup, and one Charity Shield in his 13-year reign as manager. He is also the club's longest-serving manager, presiding over 740 games from 1961 to 1974.[186][187]
.JPG)
