Lanškroun | |
|---|---|
 J. M. Marků Square | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Lanškroun Location in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates:49°54′44″N16°36′44″E / 49.91222°N 16.61222°E /49.91222; 16.61222 | |
| Country |  Czech Republic |
| Region | Pardubice |
| District | Ústí nad Orlicí |
| First mentioned | 1285 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Radim Vetchý |
| Area | |
• Total | 20.65 km2 (7.97 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 373 m (1,224 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01)[1] | |
• Total | 9,849 |
| • Density | 480/km2 (1,200/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 563 01 |
| Website | www |
Lanškroun (Czech pronunciation:[ˈlanʃkroun];German:Landskron) is a town inÚstí nad Orlicí District in thePardubice Region of theCzech Republic. It has about 9,800 inhabitants. It lies on the border of the historical lands ofBohemia andMoravia. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as anurban monument zone.
Lanškroun consists of four municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census):[2]
The original historic name of Lanškroun wasLandeskrone, meaning "Land's crown". It referred to its location on the border of the historical lands ofBohemia andMoravia.[3]
Lanškroun is located about 10 kilometres (6 mi) northeast ofÚstí nad Orlicí and 50 km (31 mi) east ofPardubice. It lies in theOrlické Foothills. The highest point is at 449 m (1,473 ft) above sea level.
The stream Třešňovský potok flows through the town. In the northwestern part of the municipal territory is a set of six fishponds on the stream Ostrovský potok. The largest of them is Dlouhý, used for recreational purposes and water sports. The northernmost ponds (Pšeničkův and Olšový) and the area around the stream Zadní potok before its confluence with the Ostrovský potok is protected as the nature reserveLandškrounské rybníky within theLanškroun Ponds Nature Park. TheMoravská Sázava River briefly crosses the territory of Lanškroun in the south, and the Ostrovský potok joins the Moravská Sázava there.
The first written mention of Lanškroun is from 1285, when it was donated by KingWenceslaus II toZáviš of Falkenstein. Lanškroun was founded during thecolonization in the second half of the 13th century under the nameLandeskrone. It became the economical centre of the large estate of Lanšperk and later of separate Lanškroun estate.[4]
In 1304, Lanškroun property of theZbraslav Monastery and in 1358, it was acquired byLitomyšl bishopric. In 1371, anAugustinian monastery was founded. In 1421, the town was conquered byJan Žižka. After theHussite Wars, the estate was acquired by the noble family of Kostka of Postupice. It began to prosper and obtained various privileges. In 1507, it was bought by thePernštejn family. Then it was shortly held by the Hrzáns of Harasov, and after theBattle of White Mountain, it was bought by theLiechtenstein family.[4][5]
During theThirty Years' War, the town was repeatedly burned down and looted by theSwedish army and the catholicization began. After the war, the population was significantly decreased. It was repopulated by German settlers and in 1683, German has become the official language.[5]
During the 18th century, Lanškroun was an average serf town. In 1848, the serfdom was abolished and Lanškroun became a district town. In the 1870s, the industrialization began. The railway was built in 1884–1885.[5]
Until 1918, the town was part ofAustria-Hungary as the seat of the district Landskron in Bömen, one of the 94Bezirkshauptmannschaften inBohemia.[6] After 1919 it became part ofCzechoslovakia. In 1938 it was occupied by German troops according to theMunich Agreement. Since 1939 it was administered as part of theReichsgau Sudetenland.
Shortly after the end ofWorld War II, on 17 May 1945, the event known as the Lanškroun Massacre or Lanškroun Blood Court happened. Czech partisans drove all the Germans into the town square. Several hundred Germans had to stand there with their hands above their heads and 31 of them were sentenced to death by a self-proclaimed people's court. It was a retribution for the atrocities against the Czech population during the war, which, according to historians, got out of control.[7]
Until theexpulsion of the German speaking population from Lanškroun in 1946, the majority of population of the town had been German. After the expulsion, the town became completely Czech. In 1945, it ceased to be a district town.[5]
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| Source: Censuses[8][9] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lanškroun is an industrial town. The most important sectors are the electronics industry, engineering and paper industry.[3] The largest employers areKyocera AVX Component andSchott CR (both manufacturers of electronic components), andSchaeffler Production CZ (manufacturer of rolling elementbearings).[10]
The I/43 road fromBrno andSvitavy to the Czech-Polish border inKrálíky passes through the town.
Lanškroun is the terminus and start of the railway line heading from/toČeská Třebová.[11]
Lanškroun is known for its large Renaissance town hall, which is one of the symbols of the town. It was built in 1581–1582. The two original Renaissance portals are preserved.[12]
The original monastery from the 14th century was rebuilt into a Renaissance castle. The reconstruction was completed in 1601. From the 1650s to 1716, it was rebuilt to its current appearance. Today it houses the town museum.[13] The Church of Saint Wenceslaus is adjacent to the castle and stood here before the founding of the monastery. It was first mentioned in 1350 and originally was consecrated to the Virgin Mary. It was reconstructed several times; the tower was added in 1768.[14]
Castiglione in Teverina, Italy
Dzierżoniów, Poland
Hajdúszoboszló, Hungary
Kežmarok, SlovakiaSerock, Poland
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