This article is about the top division in men's Spanish football. For top division in women's Spanish football, seeLiga F. For other uses, seeLiga (disambiguation).
Since its inception,62 teams have competed in La Liga. Nine teams have been crowned champions, withBarcelona winning the inaugural La Liga andReal Madrid winning the title a record 36 times. Real Madrid are also the most recent winners, having won the2023–24 edition. During the 1940sValencia,Atlético Madrid and Barcelona emerged as the strongest clubs, winning several titles. Real Madrid and Barcelona dominated the championship in the 1950s, each winning four La Liga titles during the decade. During the 1960s and 1970s, Real Madrid dominated La Liga, winning fourteen titles, with Atlético Madrid winning four.[4] During the 1980s and 1990s Real Madrid were prominent in La Liga, but the Basque clubs ofAthletic Bilbao andReal Sociedad had their share of success, each winning two Liga titles. From the 1990s onward, Barcelona has dominated La Liga, winning seventeen titles to date.[5] Although Real Madrid has also been prominent, winning eleven titles, La Liga has also seen other champions, includingValencia andDeportivo La Coruña.
As of 2024/25[update], La Liga is ranked third in theUEFA coefficient rankings based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons, behind the EnglishPremier League and ItalianSerie A.[6] La Liga was the top league in Europe in each of the seven years from 2013 to 2019 and led Europe for 22 of the 60 ranked years up to 2019, more than any other country. It also has produced thecontinent's top-rated club more times (22) than any other league in that period, more than double that of second-placedSerie A (Italy), including the top club in 10 of the 11 seasons between 2009 and 2019; each of these pinnacles was achieved by either Barcelona or Real Madrid. La Liga clubs have won the mostUEFA Champions League (20),UEFA Europa League (14),UEFA Super Cup (16) andFIFA Club World Cup (8) titles, and its players have accumulated the highest number ofBallon d'Or awards (24),The Best FIFA Men's Player awards (19)[e] andUEFA Men's Player of the Year awards (12).[f]
La Liga is one of the most popular professional sports leagues globally, with anaverage attendance of 26,933 for league matches in the 2018–19 season.[7] This is the eighth-highest of any domestic professional sports league in the world and the third-highest of any professional association football league in the world, behind fellowbig five leaguesBundesliga andPremier League, and aboveSerie A andLigue 1.[8][9] La Liga is also the seventh wealthiest professional sports league in the world byrevenue, after theNFL,MLB, theNBA, thePremier League, theNHL, and theBundesliga.[10]
From 2008 to 2016, it was sponsored byBanco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria and known asLiga BBVA. Then, from 2016 to 2023, it was sponsored byBanco Santander and known asLaLiga Santander. Since 2023, it has been sponsored byElectronic Arts and is known asLaLiga EA Sports.
The competition format follows the usual doubleround-robin format. During the course of a season, which lasts from August to May, each club plays every other club twice, once at home and once away, for 38 matches. Teams receive three points for a win, one point for a draw, and no points for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, with the highest-ranked club crowned champion at the end of the season.
A system ofpromotion and relegation exists between thePrimera División and theSegunda División. The three lowest placed teams in La Liga are relegated to theSegunda División, and the top two teams from theSegunda División promoted to La Liga, with an additional club promoted after a series of play-offs involving the third, fourth, fifth and sixth placed clubs. Below is a complete record of how many teams played in each season throughout the league's history;
The top four teams in La Liga qualify for the subsequent season'sUEFA Champions League league stage. The winners of the UEFA Champions League andUEFA Europa League also qualify for the subsequent season's UEFA Champions League league stage.
The fifth place team in La Liga and the winner of theCopa del Rey also qualify for the subsequent season's UEFA Europa League group stage. However, if the winner also finished in the top five places in La Liga, then this place reverts to the team that finished sixth in La Liga. Furthermore, the sixth place (or seventh if sixth already qualifies due to theCopa del Rey) team qualifies for the subsequent season'sUEFA Conference League play-off round.[13]
The number of places allocated to Spanish clubs inUEFA competitions is dependent upon the position a country holds in theUEFA country coefficients, which are calculated based upon the performance of teams inUEFA competitions in the previous five years. As of the end of the2023–24 season, the ranking of Spain (andde facto La Liga) is second.[14]
In 1937, the teams in theRepublican area of Spain, with the notable exception of the twoMadrid clubs, competed in theMediterranean League and Barcelona emerged as champions. Seventy years later, on 28 September 2007, Barcelona requested theRoyal Spanish Football Federation (Spanish acronym RFEF) to recognise that title as aLiga title. This action was taken after RFEF was asked to recogniseLevante'sCopa de la España Libre win as equivalent toCopa del Rey trophy. Nevertheless, the governing body of Spanish football has not made an outright decision yet.
1940s: Atlético Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia emerge
La Liga champions Copa del Generalísimo La Liga/Copa del Generalísimo double
When thePrimera División resumed after theSpanish Civil War, it wasAtlético Aviación (nowadaysAtlético Madrid),Valencia, andBarcelona that emerged as the strongest clubs. Atlético were only awarded a place during the1939–40 season as a replacement forReal Oviedo, whose ground had been damaged during the war. The club subsequently won its first Liga title and retained it in1941. While other clubs lost players to exile, execution, and as casualties of the war, the Atlético team was reinforced by a merger. The young, pre-war squad of Valencia had also remained intact and in the post-war years matured into champions, gaining three Liga titles in1942,1944, and1947. They were also runners-up in1948 and1949.
Athletic Bilbao was one of the clubs most affected by the war, since many of its players (sympathizers of theRepublican faction) went into exile inLatin America and very few returned. But thanks to a search for young talents, they managed to form the well-knownSecond historic squad made up ofRafael Iriondo,Venancio Pérez,José Luis Panizo,Agustín Gaínza and the mythical scorerTelmo Zarra (Spanishtop scorer in La Liga history, among other records). They won a La Liga and Copa del Generalísimo double in1943 and won the Cup again in1944,1945 and1950, in addition to anCopa Eva Duarte (official predecessor of theSupercopa).Sevilla also enjoyed a brief golden era, finishing as runners-up in 1940 and 1942 before winning their only title to date in 1946.
Meanwhile, on the other side of Spain,Barcelona began to emerge as a force under the legendaryJosep Samitier. A Spanish footballer for both Barcelona and Real Madrid, Samitier cemented his legacy with Barcelona. During his playing career with Barcelona he scored 133 goals, won the inaugural La Liga title and fiveCopa Del Rey. In 1944, Samitier returned to Barcelona as a coach and guided them in winning their second La Liga title in1945. Under Samitier and legendary playersCésar Rodríguez,Josep Escolà,Estanislau Basora andMariano Gonzalvo, Barcelona dominated La Liga in the late 1940s,[15] winning back to back La Liga titles in1948 and1949. The 1940s proved to be a successful season for Barcelona, winning three La Liga titles and one Copa Del Rey, but the 1950s proved to be a decade of dominance, not just from Barcelona, but fromReal Madrid.
Naturalised ArgentineAlfredo Di Stéfano was part of a dominant Real Madrid side in the 1950sDuring the 1950s,László Kubala was a leading member of Barcelona, scoring 194 goals in 256 appearances.
Although Atlético Madrid, previously known as ''Atlético Aviación'', were champions in 1950 and 1951 under mastermindHelenio Herrera, the 1950s continued the success FC Barcelona had during the late 1940s.
During this decade, FC Barcelona's first golden era emerged under coachFerdinand Daučík, winning back-to-back La Liga and Copa Del Rey doubles in1951–52 and1952–53. In 1952, FC Barcelona made history yet again by winning five distinctive trophies in one year. This team, composed ofLászló Kubala,Mariano Gonzalvo,César Rodríguez Álvarez, andJoan Segarra, won La Liga, Copa Del Rey,Copa Eva Duarte (predecessor of Spanish Super Cup),Latin Cup and Copa Martini & Rossi. Their success in winning five trophies in one year earned them the name 'L’equip de les cinc Copes'[16] or The Team of the Five Cups.
In the latter parts of the 1950s, coached by Helenio Herrera and featuringLuis Suárez, Barcelona won yet again back-to-back La Liga's, winning them in1959 and1960. In 1959, Barcelona also won another double of La Liga / Copa Del Rey, conquering three doubles in the 1950s.
The 1950s also saw the beginning of theReal Madrid dominance. During the 1930s through the 1950s there were strict limits imposed on foreign players. In most cases, clubs could have only three foreign players in their squads, meaning that at least eight local players had to play in every game. During the 1950s, however, these rules were circumvented by Real Madrid who naturalisedAlfredo Di Stéfano andFerenc Puskás.[17][18] Di Stéfano, Puskás,Raymond Kopa andFrancisco Gento formed the nucleus of the Real Madrid team that dominated the second half of the 1950s. Real Madrid won their third La Liga in1954 — their first since 1933 — and retained their title in1955. In1956,Athletic Bilbao won their sixth La Liga title, but Real Madrid won La Liga again in1957 and1958.
All in all, Barcelona and Real Madrid won four La Liga titles each in the 1950s, with Atlético Madrid winning two and Athletic Bilbao winning one during this decade.
Real Madrid dominated La Liga between 1960 and 1980, being crowned champions 14 times.[19] Real Madrid won five La Liga titles in a row from 1961 to 1965 as well as winning threedoubles between 1960 and 1980. During the 1960s and 1970s, onlyAtlético Madrid offered Real Madrid any serious challenge. Atlético Madrid were crowned La Liga champions four times in 1966, 1970, 1973, and 1977. Atlético Madrid also finished second place in 1961, 1963, and 1965. In 1971, Valencia won their fourth La Liga title in 1971 underAlfredo Di Stéfano, and theJohan Cruyff-inspired Barcelona won their ninth La Liga in 1974.
1980s: Real Madrid dominate but the Basque Clubs disrupt their monopoly
Real Madrid's monopoly in La Liga was interrupted significantly in the 1980s. Although Real Madrid won another five La Liga titles from 1986 to 1990[20] under the brilliance ofEmilio Butragueño andHugo Sánchez, theBasque clubs of Real Sociedad and Athletic Bilbao also dominated the 1980s.[21] Real Sociedad won their first La Liga titles in 1981 and 1982;Luis Arconada,Roberto López Ufarte andTxiki Begiristain stood out from this team. Later, Athletic Bilbao also managed to win two consecutive La Liga titles in 1983 and 1984, also achieving their fifth La Liga and Copa del Rey double in 1984; The starsAndoni Zubizarreta,Santi Urkiaga,Andoni Goikoetxea,Dani,Manuel Sarabia andEstanislao Argote made this success possible. For its part, Barcelona won their tenth La Liga title in 1985 under coachTerry Venables, their first La Liga win since 1974.
Johan Cruyff returned to Barcelona as manager in 1988, and assembled the legendaryDream Team.[22] When Cruyff took control of his Barcelona side, they had won only two La Liga titles in the past 20 years. Cruyff decided to build a team composed of international stars andLa Masia graduates in order to restore Barcelona to their former glory days. This team was formed by international starsRomario,Michael Laudrup,Hristo Stoichkov andRonald Koeman. Cruyff's Dream Team also consisted of La Masia graduatesPep Guardiola,Albert Ferrer andGuillermo Amor, as well as BasqueAndoni Zubizarreta.
Johan Cruyff changed the way modern football was played,[23] and incorporated the principles ofTotal Football into this team. The success of possession-based football was revolutionary,[24] and Cruyff's team won their first European Cup in1992 and four consecutive La Liga titles between 1991 and 1994. In total, Cruyff won eleven trophies in eight years, making him the most successful manager in Barcelona's history, until the record was broken by his protégé Pep Guardiola two decades later.
Barcelona's run ended with Real Madrid winning La Liga in 1995. Atlético Madrid won their ninth La Liga title in 1996, as well as their only Liga/Copa Del Rey double, before Real Madrid added another league title to their cabinet in 1997. After the success of Cruyff, another Dutchman –Ajax manager,Louis van Gaal – arrived at theCamp Nou, and with the talents ofLuís Figo,Luis Enrique, andRivaldo, Barcelona won the La Liga title in 1998 and 1999, including their fourth double of Liga and Copa Del Rey in 1998. All in all, Barcelona won six La Liga titles in the 1990s.
2000s: Real Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia's re-emergence
League champions Copa del Rey La Liga/Copa del Rey double
The 21st century continued the success Barcelona had in the 1990s under Johan Cruyff, dominating La Liga. Although Real Madrid had been prominent, Barcelona created a hegemony in Spain not seen since the Real Madrid of the 1960s–70s.[25] Since the start of the new century, Barcelona won ten La Ligas, including twotrebles and fourdoubles. This new century however has also seen new challengers being crowned champions. Between 1999–2000 and 2004,Deportivo La Coruña finished in the top three on five occasions, a better record than either Real Madrid or Barcelona, and in 2000, underJavier Irureta, Deportivo became the ninth team to be crowned champions. Valencia were one of the strongest teams in Europe in the early to mid 2000s; they were crowned La Liga champions in 2002 and 2004 underRafael Benítez, whilst also being runners-up in theUEFA Champions League in 2000 and 2001 underHector Cuper and winning theUEFA Cup in 2004 and theCopa del Rey in 1999.
Real Madrid won their first Liga titles of the century in 2001 and 2003. With world-class players likeRaúl,Ruud van Nistelrooy andGonzalo Higuaín, Real Madrid won back-to-back La Liga titles in 2006–07 and 2007–08. Barcelona won their first title of the new century after Real Madrid and Valencia had shared the last four titles under the brilliance ofRonaldinho andSamuel Eto'o in the 2004–05 season. Barcelona retained the title to make it back-to-back wins in the 2005–06 season.
In 2009–10, Real Madrid achieved a record 96 points but still finished behind Barcelona, who amassed 99 points. Barcelona then won a third straight La Liga title in the 2010–11 season with 96 points to Real's 92, but Real Madrid ended their winning streak in the 2011–12 season under the management ofJosé Mourinho and with the likes ofCristiano Ronaldo,Ángel Di María,Mesut Özil andKarim Benzema. Madrid won their 32nd La Liga title with a record 100 points, a record 121 goals scored and a record +89 goal difference. The following year, in the 2012–13 season, Barcelona won yet another La Liga title under coachTito Vilanova, replicating the 100 points record Real Madrid achieved the previous year. Atlético Madrid, under the management ofDiego Simeone, won their tenth La Liga title in 2013–14, their first since 1996. They became the first team since Valencia in 2004 to win La Liga and break Barcelona and Real Madrid's dominion over the league.[26] In the 2014–15 season, under the trio ofMessi,Neymar, andSuarez nicknamed 'MSN', Barcelona made history by becoming the first team to achieve a second Treble, and winning a sixth Liga/Copa Del Rey double. Barcelona continued their dominance, and in the 2015–16 season they won a back-to-back Liga/Copa Del Rey double, something that had not been achieved since the 1950s.[27] Real Madrid brought back the La Liga title under the management ofZinedine Zidane in 2016–17, but Barcelona won the title again in the 2017–18 season, as well as winning their eighth double,[28] for seven La Liga titles in ten years. Barcelona retained the title yet again and won their 26th La Liga title in the 2018–19 season, for eight La Liga titles in eleven years.[29] Real Madrid reclaimed the title in 2019–20, winning the season that was severely disrupted by theCOVID-19 pandemic.[30]
The 2020–21 season started on 12 September, and was won by Atlético Madrid, with Real Madrid as runners-up.[31] In August 2021, La Liga clubs approved a €2.7 billion deal to sell 10% of the league toCVC Capital Partners.[32] The 2021–22 season was won by Real Madrid with four games to spare,[33] while the 2022–23 season was won by Barcelona with four games to spare.
In 2023, La Liga rebranded itself with a new logo and new sponsor. EA (Electronic Arts) replaced the Spanish financial services giantSantander that was the title sponsor of the league for seven years. LaLiga EA Sports and LaLiga Hypermotion are the names of thePrimera andSegunda Divisions, starting in the 2023–24 season and for the following four seasons.[34] Following the flash floods disaster that hit Spain at the end of October, claiming the lives of over 200 people, the Spanish league postponed all matches scheduled to be played in theValencian region on Thursday. The games played after the floods opened in a moment of silence.[35]
There are 63 teams that have taken part in 94 La Liga championships that were played from the1929 season until the2024–25 season. The teams in bold compete in La Liga currently. The teams in italics represent defunct teams. The year in parentheses represents the most recent year of participation at this level.Athletic Bilbao,Barcelona, andReal Madrid are the only teams that have played La Liga football in every season.
ThePrimera División is currently third in theUEFA rankings of European leagues based on their performances in European competitions over a five-year period, behind England'sPremier League and Italy'sSerie A, but ahead of Germany'sBundesliga and France'sLigue 1.
Real Madrid, Barcelona and Atlético Madrid have been in the top tenmost successful clubs in European football in terms of total European trophies. These three clubs, along with Sevilla and Valencia, are the only Spanish clubs to have won five or more international trophies.Deportivo La Coruña are the joint fifth-most participating Spanish team in the Champions League with Sevilla — after Real Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia and Atlético Madrid — with five consecutive Champions League appearances, including a semi-finals appearance in2003–04.[36]
During the 2005–06 European season, La Liga became the first league to have its clubs win both the Champions League and UEFA Cup since 1997, as Barcelona won theUEFA Champions League and Sevilla won theUEFA Cup. This feat was repeated four times in five seasons: during the 2013–14 season Real Madrid won theirtenth Champions League title and Sevilla won their thirdEuropa League, during the 2014–15 season Barcelona won theirfifth Champions League title and Sevilla won their fourthEuropa League, during the 2015–16 season Real Madrid won theireleventh Champions League title and Sevilla won their fifthEuropa League (becoming the first team to win the title three times in a row), and during the 2017–18 season Real Madrid won theirthirteenth Champions League title and Atlético Madrid won their thirdEuropa League.
In 2015, La Liga became the first league to enter five teams in theChampions League group stage, with Barcelona, Real Madrid, Atlético Madrid and Valencia qualifying via theirleague position and Sevilla qualifying by virtue of their victory in theEuropa League, courtesy of a rule change.
In La Liga in 2020, each club is allowed fivenon-EU players but are only allowed to name three non-EU players in each matchday squad.[37]
Players can claim citizenship from the nation their ancestors came from. If a player does not have European ancestry, he can claim Spanish citizenship after playing in Spain for five years. Sometimes, this can lead to a triple-citizenship situation; for example,Leo Franco, who was born in Argentina, is of Italian heritage yet can claim a Spanish passport, having played in La Liga for over five years.
In addition, players from theACP countries—countries in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific that are signatories to theCotonou Agreement—are not counted against non-EU quotas due to theKolpak ruling.
Until the 2008–09 season, no official individual awards existed in La Liga. In the 2008–09 season, the governing body created theLFP Awards (now called La Liga Awards), awarded each season to individual players and coaches. The majority of these awards were discontinued after the2015–16 season.[38] Additional awards relating to La Liga are distributed, some not sanctioned by the Liga de Futbol Profesional or RFEF and therefore not regarded as official. The most notable of these are four awarded by Spain's largest sports paper,Marca, namely thePichichi Trophy, awarded to the top scorer of the season; theRicardo Zamora Trophy, for the goalkeeper with the fewest goals allowed per game (minimum 28 games); theAlfredo Di Stéfano Trophy, for the player judged to be the best overall player in the division; and theZarra Trophy, for the top scorer among Spanish domestic players.
The first La Liga player to be involved in a transfer which broke theworld record wasLuis Suárez in 1961, who moved from Barcelona toInter Milan for £152,000 (£4.3 million in 2023). 12 years later,Johan Cruyff was the first player to join a club in La Liga for a record fee of £922,000 (£14.1 million in 2023), when he moved fromAjax to Barcelona. In 1982, Barcelona again set the record by signingDiego Maradona fromBoca Juniors for £5 million (£22 million in 2023).[39] Real Betis set the world record in 1998 when they signedDenílson fromSão Paulo for £21.5 million (£47.8 million in 2023).[40]
Four of the last six world transfer records have been set by Real Madrid, signingLuís Figo,[41]Zinedine Zidane,[42]Cristiano Ronaldo[43] (plus a deal forKaká days before Ronaldo[44] which fell just below a world record due to the way the fee was calculated)[45] and finallyGareth Bale, who was bought in 2013 for £85.3m (€103.4m or $140m at the time; £123.5m in 2023) fromTottenham Hotspur.[46]
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