LGBTQ rights in Pennsylvania | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Legal status | Legal since 1980; codified in 2022 |
| Gender identity | Transgender individuals allowed to change legal gender on birth certificate and driver's license |
| Discrimination protections | Sexual orientation and gender identity protections |
| Family rights | |
| Recognition of relationships | Same-sex marriage since 2014 |
| Adoption | Yes |
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in theU.S. state of Pennsylvania enjoy most of the same rights as non-LGBTQ people. Same-sex sexual activity is legal inPennsylvania. Same-sex couples and families headed by same-sex couples are eligible for all of the protections available to opposite-sex married couples. Pennsylvania was the finalMid-Atlantic state without same-sex marriage, indeed lacking any form of same-sex recognition law until its statutory ban was overturned on May 20, 2014.
Since June 2023, discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity is explicitly banned in the state.[1] Some cities and counties ban such discrimination, includingPhiladelphia,Pittsburgh,Allentown,Erie, andReading (the five most populous cities in the state). Some cities and counties within Pennsylvania also banconversion therapy on minors.
On June 15, 2020, in Bostock v. Clayton County, Georgia, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that discrimination in the workplace on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity is discrimination on the basis of sex, and Title VII therefore protects LGBT employees from workplace discrimination.
Both Philadelphia and Pittsburgh have vibrant LGBT communities, with pride parades having been held since the 1970s and attracting more than 100,000 attendees as of 2017.[2][3] It’s been reported in June 2024, thatPittsburgh has a housing zone “48 blocks project” - due to open in 2025, for comfortable non-profit living LGBT seniors.[4] In March 2025, the state Supreme Court explicitly ruled that same-sex couples must have “equal legal parentage obligations for their children” from IVF treatment as heterosexual couples.
Pennsylvania has repealed its sodomy statutes incrementally. In 1972, legislation legalized consensual sodomy for heterosexual married couples. In 1980, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania ruling inCommonwealth v. Bonadio found Pennsylvania's sodomy law unconstitutional as violating the equal protection guarantees of both the state and federal constitutions.[5] Pennsylvania repealed its remaining sodomy laws in 1995. In December 2021, an 81 year old gay man within Pennsylvania went to jail due to an “archaic sexual deviant law without trial” for nearly 2 years because he hadoral sex within anursing home, which staff alleged was non-consensual.[6][7]
In March 2021, the small township ofUpper Darby discovered a 1987 anti-obscenity ordinance which defined "sexual conduct" as including "acts of masturbation, homosexuality, sexual intercourse, sexual bestiality" and other sexual conduct. Arguing that a law against the public display of "acts of homosexuality" to minors could be read broadly to make even a Pride Parade "obscene" under the ordinance, local activist Damien Christopher Warsavage led the charge to have the ordinance repealed in its entirety,[8] which succeeded.[9][10] During this process, the town discovered that this ordinance paralleled a state obscenity law (18 PA 5903[11]), which led to two votes in May 2021 at thePennsylvania General Assembly to remove "acts of homosexuality" from the statute. Both votes failed. In July 2022, thePennsylvania General Assembly passed a bill unanimously in both houses to repeal the archaic two word references "homosexuality" - within the criminal code of Pennsylvania (listed under obscenity). TheGovernor of PennsylvaniaTom Wolf signed the bill into law and went into effect immediately in the same month.[12][13]
Same-sex marriage was legalized inPennsylvania on May 20, 2014, when U.S. District Court JudgeJohn E. Jones III ruled inWhitewood v. Wolf that the state's statutory ban on such marriages was unconstitutional.[14] After theACLU filed the lawsuit in federal court on July 9, 2013,Attorney GeneralKathleen Kane said she would refuse to defend the statute.[15]
Previously, Pennsylvania did not recognizesame-sex marriages,civil unions, ordomestic partnerships. Attempts had been made in recent years to allow for such unions. There had also been attempts to amend theState Constitution to prohibit same-sex marriage.
While domestic partnerships were never offered statewide, the city ofPhiladelphia offers 'life partnerships' in the case of a "long-term committed relationship between two unmarried individuals of the same gender who are residents of the city; or one of whom is employed in the city, owns real property in the city, owns and operates a business in the city, or is a recipient of or has a vested interest in employee benefits from the City of Philadelphia."[16][17] The city ofPittsburgh also provides domestic partnerships.[18] County employees inLuzerne County are required to identify if they are in a domestic partnership, which is explicitly defined as being between people of the same gender.[19]
In March 2025, thePennsylvania Supreme Court explicitly ruled that same-sex couples must have the same legal basic rights as heterosexual couples - who raise children “within an established household agreement on IVF parentage”, regardless of marital status.[20]
Pennsylvania allows a single person to adopt without respect to sexual orientation.[21]
Until 2002, Pennsylvania did not permit stepchild adoption by a person of the same sex as the first parent. A 6-0 ruling by theSupreme Court of Pennsylvania established the right of same-sex couples to stepchild adoptions.[22] No statute prohibits a same-sex couple from adopting a child jointly.[21]
Pennsylvania passed ahate crime law in 2002 that covered LGBTQ people,[23] but the Pennsylvania Supreme Court struck it down in 2008 on a technicality: legislators inserted the language into an unrelated bill on agricultural terrorism, changing that bill's purpose during the legislative process, which violates the Pennsylvania Constitution.[citation needed] Legislation was introduced in several sessions to reinstate the law, but it never made it out of committee.[24][25][26]
In April 2021, theMayor of PittsburghBill Peduto indicated that “he would sign a city-widehate crimeordinance - to explicitly include sexual orientation, gender identity and disability, that goes much further than that of state law”.[27]
There are statewide executive orders protecting LGBT individuals from workplace discrimination. In 1975, Pennsylvania became the first U.S. state in which an executive order was issued providing for discrimination protection on the basis of sexual orientation in state employment.[28] In 2003, gender identity was added to this executive order and the order has been reissued by every governor since then. On April 7, 2016, GovernorTom Wolf signed two executive orders, the first order prohibiting discrimination against state employees based on their sexual orientation, gender identity, HIV status and other factors and the second mandate banning state contractors from discriminating against their LGBT employees.[29]
For more than ten years, legislation that would protect LGBTQ people statewide from discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity has awaited action in thePennsylvania General Assembly.[30] On December 17, 2013, Governor Tom Corbett announced his support for such legislation with respect to sexual orientation after learning that federal law did not already provide such protection as he had previously thought. He said he anticipated bipartisan support for the legislation.[31]
Many Pennsylvania municipalities and counties, including the five most populous cities, have enacted ordinances implementing such discrimination protections.[32]
Since August 2018, discrimination based on both sexual orientation and gender identity has been interpreted by the Pennsylvania Human Relations Commission as being banned under the category of sex of thePennsylvania Human Relations Act.[33] LGBTQ people who have been discriminated against in employment, housing, education, and public accommodations can now file complaints with the Commission, which will investigate each complaint and can advise those responsible to stop a discriminatory practice, implement training, or award economic damages.[34] Pennsylvania was the second state to achieve statewide LGBT protections this way, followingMichigan in May 2018. In December 2022, with implemented legally-binding regulations added and signed off by the Governor Tom Wolf (during his last executive direction decision) - under the "definition of sex", also explicitly includes sexual orientation and gender identity.[35]
In April 2023, a bill (HB300) formally passed thePennsylvania House of Representatives[36] by a vote of 102-98 that would explicitly legally ban discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity or expression. The bill awaits a vote within thePennsylvania Senate.[37][38]
In May 2020,Pennsylvania became the only US jurisdiction to include both sexual orientation and gender identity inCOVID-19 statistics and data collection.[39][40]
During the 2020Pennsylvania General Assembly session, a Omnibus Budget Appropriations Bill that passed and was signed into law by Pennsylvania GovernorTom Wolf, it contained a ban on both cannabis and LGBT pride flags from flying at thePennsylvania General Assembly that was "secretly added in" - it was not known or printed until right after the bill was signed into law.[41][42][43]
Sex reassignment surgery is legal in the state.
In August 2016, thePennsylvania Department of Health changed requirements for transgender people to change their gender on their birth certificates. Sex reassignment surgery is no longer a requirement. Instead, transgender persons will just have to present a note from a physician stating that they have had appropriate clinical treatment for gender transition. Additionally, children under 18 who wish to change their gender on their birth certificate will need their parents to make the request.[44]
Since July 23, 2020, Pennsylvania has offered athird gender option (known as "X") ondriver's licenses and state IDs. However, the third gender option is not possible onbirth certificates.[45]
In November 2019 three legal ordinances related to gender identity were signed into law by theMayor of Philadelphia,Jim Kenney. These laws prohibit youth-serving organizations from discriminating against trans, nonbinary, and gender-nonconforming youth; require every city-owned building to have at least one gender-neutral bathroom; and clarify that the city's Fair Practice Ordinance protects nonbinary and gender-fluid people against discrimination. These laws only apply within theCity of Philadelphia.[46][47] In December 2021, all virtual public schools within theCity of Philadelphia will include a selected legal non-binary gender X option alongside male and female.[48][49]
In June 2022, a bill to ban transgender individuals from playing sports, athletics and Olympics on female teams passed both houses of thePennsylvania General Assembly. Several US states have already legally implemented similar legislation.[50] TheGovernor of PennsylvaniaTom Wolf vetoed the bill the next month in July 2022.[51]
In October 2023,Philadelphia officially became a "sanctuary city" - to transgender and non-binary individuals who want access, health and safety to services that is defended via anexecutive order.[52][53]
In October 2024, a Pennsylvania district court ruled that theMt. Lebanon School District must allow parents the option to opt their children out of any lessons or classroom activities about "transgender identity".[54]
A bill to ban the use ofconversion therapy on LGBT minors in Pennsylvania was introduced in the General Assembly in April 2015. The bill had 20 sponsors, all of whom were Democrats, but it died without any legislative action.[55]
On December 14, 2016,Pittsburgh became the first city inPennsylvania to pass an ordinance that bans conversion therapy on minors. The ban was passed 9-0 and took effect on January 1, 2017.[56]Philadelphia andAllentown followed suit in July 2017.[57][58]Reading andDoylestown both enacted conversion therapy bans in December 2017.[59][60]
State College passed a ban in February 2018,[61] andYardley did so the following month.[62] BothBellefonte andBethlehem followed suit in July 2018.[63][64]
Newtown Township, inBucks County, unanimously voted to ban conversion therapy in November 2018.York also passed a local ordinance banning conversion therapy in August 2023.[65][66][67]
In May 2024, 5 health boards within Pennsylvania implemented an explicit ban on conversion therapy - that applies to state-wide healthcare policies and regulations.[68]
In August 2022, theGovernor of PennsylvaniaTom Wolf signed anexecutive order effective immediately - to legally ban any state-based government funding going towards conversion therapy for individuals within Pennsylvania. About 50% of the jurisdictions/states within the United States of America have already implemented explicit bans on conversion therapy - with either by legislation or executive order.[69][70][71]
A 2022Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI) poll found that 68% of Pennsylvania residents support same-sex marriage, while 29% were opposed and 3% were unsure. The same poll found that 77% of Pennsylvania residents supported an anti-discrimination law covering sexual orientation and gender identity. 20% were opposed. Additionally, 65% were against allowing public businesses to refuse to serve LGBTQ people due to religious beliefs, while 33% support such religiously-based refusals.[72]
| Same-sex sexual activity legal with an equal age of consent |  (Since 1980; codified within 1995 and also 2022) |
| Anti-discrimination laws for sexual orientation and gender identity or expression | (Since 2018 - Only tacitly interpreted as such by a court from previously existing non-discrimination laws of the state) |
| Same-sex marriage recognized legally | (Since 2014) |
| Gays, lesbians and bisexuals allowed to serve in the military | (Since 2011) |
| Transgender people allowed to serve openly in the military |  (Since 2025, via anexecutive order)[73] |
| Transvestites allowed to serve openly in the military | [74] |
| Intersex people allowed to serve openly in the military | / (Current DoD policy bans "Hermaphrodites" from serving or enlisting in the military)[74] |
| Third gender option | (Since 2020, only on driver's licenses and state IDs - not birth certificates)[75] |
| Access toUnisex Bathrooms | |
| Automatic and equal “parentage rights” from adoption, surrogacy and IVF agreements for same-sex couples | (Since 2025, via thePennsylvania Supreme Court)[76] |
| LGBTanti-bullying law in schools and colleges | |
| LGBT-inclusive sex education mandatory within schools | |
| Gay and trans panic defense banned | |
| Homosexuality declassified as an illness | (Since 1973) |
| Conversion therapy legally banned | (Since 2024, by regulations and policies)[77] |
| MSMs allowed to donate blood | (Since 2023 - with conditions such as being monogamous)[78] |
