Sister Lúcia de Jesus Rosa dos Santos | |
|---|---|
_by_Carlos_Evaristo_(cropped).jpg) Sister Lúcia at the Discalced Carmelite convent ofCoimbra, circa 1998 | |
| Born | (1907-03-28)28 March 1907 Aljustrel,Fátima Kingdom of Portugal |
| Died | 13 February 2005(2005-02-13) (aged 97) Coimbra,Portugal |
Lúcia de Jesus Rosa dos Santos,OCD, (28 March 1907 – 13 February 2005) also known asLúcia of Fátima and by herreligious nameMaria Lúcia of Jesus and of the Immaculate Heart,[1] was aPortugueseDiscalced Carmelite nun. Sister Lúcia and her cousinsFrancisco and Jacinta Marto claimed to have witnessed the apparitions ofOur Lady of Fátima in 1917. Herbeatification process was opened in 2017.
Lúcia was the youngest child of António dos Santos and Maria Rosa Ferreira (1869–1942),[2] both fromAljustrel, who married on 19 November 1890.[1] Althoughpeasants, the Santos family was not poor, owning land "in the direction of Montelo, Ortiga,Fátima,Valinhos, Cabeço, Charneca, andCova da Iria."[3]: 9
Even though Lúcia's birthday is registered as 22 March 1907, her actual date of birth is 28 March. At the time of her birth, it was required that parents bring their children forbaptism on theeighth day after birth or face a fine, and, because 30 March was a more convenient day, the 22nd was chosen as her birthday.[3]: 13–14
Lúcia's father António, by her report, was a hardworking and generous man who introduced her to Catholicism. Contrary to popular reports, he believed the children when they said they had seen Mary. Lúcia said that her father was not a particularly heavy drinker, but liked to socialize in the tavern. Because of a controversy with the local parish priest, whom he wished to avoid, António went to church in a nearby town.[note 1]
Maria Rosa was literate, although she never taught her children to read. She had a taste for religious literature and storytelling. She regularly gavecatechism lessons[note 2] to her and the neighbour's children.[4]: 38, 69 According to her mother, Lúcia repeated everything that she heard "like a parrot."[4]: 67
De Marchi described her features in the following manner: "She was not a pretty child. The only attractions of her face—which was not on the whole repellent—were her two great black eyes which gazed out from under thick eyebrows. Her hair, thick and dark, was parted in the center over her shoulders. Her nose was rather flat, her lips thick and her mouth large."[5]
Lúcia was a fabulous storyteller.[6]: 11 She composed sacred and secular songs with catchy tunes and lyrics. She also wrote a poem about Jacinta which appears in her memoirs.
Lúcia receivedFirst Communion at six years of age, four years before the usual age. Initially, theparish priest refused to give her Communion so early. ButFather Cruz, aJesuit missionary visiting fromLisbon, interviewed Lúcia after finding her in tears that day and concluded that "she understands what she's doing better than many of the others." After herFirst Confession she prayed before the altar ofOur Lady of the Rosary and claimed to have seen the statue smile at her. It left a deep impact on her: "I lost the taste and attraction for the things of the world, and only felt at home in some solitary place where, all alone, I could recall the delights of my First Communion."[4]: 72–73
By eight years of age, she was tending the family's sheep, accompanied by other boys and girls of the village.[1]
Between May and October 1917, Lúcia and her cousinsFrancisco and Jacinta Marto reported visions of a luminous lady, who they believed to be the Virgin Mary, in theCova da Iria fields outside the hamlet ofAljustrel, nearFátima, Portugal.[7] The children said the visitations took place on the 13th day of each month at approximately noon, for six months. The only exception was August, when the children were detained by the local administrator. That month they did not report a vision of the Lady until after they were released from jail, two days later.
According to Lúcia's accounts, the lady told the children to dopenance and tomake sacrifices to save sinners. Lúcia said that the lady stressed the importance of saying therosary every day, to bring peace to the world.[8] Many young Portuguese men, including relatives of the visionaries, were then fighting inWorld War I.[9][better source needed] Lúcia heard Mary ask her to learn to read and write because Jesus wanted to employ her to convey messages to the world about Mary, particularly theImmaculate Heart of Mary.
Lúcia's mother believed that Lúcia was making up lies to get attention. Although the favorite child until this point, Lúcia suffered beatings and ridicule from her mother, who was especially incredulous of the idea that Lúcia had been asked to learn to read and write.[6]: 72
On 13 July 1917, around noon, the Lady is said to have entrusted the children with three secrets. Two of the secrets were revealed in 1941 in a document written by Lúcia, at the request of the Bishop ofLeiria,José Alves Correia da Silva, partly to assist with the publication of a new edition of a book on Jacinta.[10]: 199
When asked by Bishop da Silva in 1943 to reveal the third secret, Lúcia struggled for a short period, being "not yet convinced that God had clearly authorized her to act".[10]: 203 She was under strict obedience in accordance with her Carmelite life, and conflicted as to whether she should obey her superiors, or the personal orders she believed were from Mary. However, in October 1943 she fell ill with influenza andpleurisy, the same illness which had killed her cousins, and for a time believed she was about to die. Bishop da Silva ordered her to put the third secret in writing.[10]: 204 Lúcia then wrote down the secret and sealed it in an envelope not to be opened until 1960.[11] She designated 1960 because she thought that "by then it will appear clearer."[10]: 208–09 The text of the third secret was officially released byPope John Paul II in 2000.
The Vatican described the secret as a vision of the1981 assassination attempt on Pope John Paul II.[12]
The visions increasingly received wide publicity, and an estimated 70,000 witnesses were reportedly present for the sixth and final apparition.[8] Lúcia had promised for several months that the Lady would perform a miracle on that day "so that all may believe." Witnesses present in the Cova da Iria that day, as well as some up to 25 miles (40 km) away,[13]: 192 reported that the Sun appeared to change colors and rotate, like a wheel of fire, casting off multicolored light across the landscape. The Sun appeared to plunge towards the Earth, frightening many into believing that it was the end of the world.[13]: 183–91 [14]: 53–62, 87 The popular expression, according to theO Século reporter Avelino de Almeida, was that the Sun "danced."[14]: 2 The event became known as theMiracle of the Sun. The episode was widely reported by the Portuguese secular media. Some coverage appeared in a small article in theNew York Times on 17 October 1917.[15] Lúcia reported that day that the lady identified herself as "Our Lady of the Rosary." She thereafter also became known asOur Lady of Fátima.
On behalf of the Catholic Church, Bishop Da Silva approved the visions as "worthy of belief" on 13 October 1930.[16]
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Lúcia moved toPorto in 1921, and at 14 was admitted as a boarder in the school of the Sisters of St. Dorothy in Vilar, on the city's outskirts. On 24 October 1925, she entered the Institute of the Sisters of St. Dorothy as a postulant in the convent inPontevedra,Spain, just across the northern Portuguese border.[17] According to Sister Lúcia, on 10 December 1925, she experienced a vision of the Holy Virgin and the Christ Child. The Virgin Mary is said to have requested the practice of theFive First Saturdays devotion. If one fulfilled the conditions on the First Saturday of five consecutive months, the Virgin Mary promised special graces at the hour of death.[18]
On 20 July 1926, Lucia moved toTuy, where she began hernovitiate; she received her habit on 2 October of the same year. Lúcia professed her first vows on 3 October 1928. Sister Lucia reported that on 13 June 1929, she had a vision during which the Blessed Virgin told her: "The moment has come in which God asks the Holy Father, in union with all the bishops of the world, to make the consecration of Russia to my Immaculate Heart, promising to save it by this means."[19] She made her perpetual vows on 3 October 1934,[17] receiving the name "Sister Maria das Dores" (Mary of the Sorrows).
On 25 January 1938, a massiveaurora borealis, described variously as "a curtain of fire" and a "huge blood-red beam of light", appeared in the skies overEurope and was visible as far away asGibraltar and even parts of theUnited States.[20] Lúcia believed this event was the "night illuminated by a strange light in the sky"[This quote needs a citation] which she had heard Mary speak about as part of the Second Secret, predicting the events which would lead to the Second World War and requestingActs of Reparation including theFirst Saturday Devotions along with theConsecration of Russia.
She returned to Portugal in 1946 (where she visited Fátima incognito), and in March 1948, after receiving special papal permission, entered theCarmelite convent of Santa Teresa inCoimbra, where she resided until her death.[7] She made her profession as aDiscalced Carmelite on 31 May 1949, taking thereligious nameMaria Lúcia of Jesus and the Immaculate Heart.
Because of the constitutions of the community, Lúcia was expected to "converse as little as possible with persons from without, even with their nearest relatives, unless their conversation be spiritual, and even then it should be very seldom and as brief as possible"[note 3] and "have nothing to do with worldly affairs, nor speak of them".[note 4] This has led some people to believe in a conspiracy to cover up the Fátima message and silence Lúcia.[21]
She came back to Fátima on the occasion of four papal pilgrimages – all on 13 May – firstly byPaul VI in 1967, andJohn Paul II in 1982 (in thanksgiving for survivingan assassination attempt the previous year), 1991, and 2000 when her cousins Jacinta and Francisco werebeatified.
Sister Lúcia wrote six memoirs during her lifetime. The first four were written between 1935 and 1941, and the English translation is published under the nameFatima in Lucia's Own Words. The fifth and six memoirs, written in 1989 and 1993, are published in English under the nameFatima in Lucia's Own Words II.
An additional book was published in 2001, variously known asCalls from the Message of Fatima andAppeals from the Message of Fatima, as announced by the Vatican on 5 December 2001.[22]
Sister Lúcia also wrote numerous letters to clergy and devout laypeople who were curious about theThird Secret of Fátima and about Lúcia's interpretation of what she had heard Virgin Mary request.[note 5] Two letters she supposedly wrote concerned theConsecration of Russia, in which she said Our Lady's request had been fulfilled.[23] All materials written by Sister Lúcia are now held for study by theCongregation for the Causes of Saints.[24]
Sister Lúcia had been blind and deaf and ailing for some years prior to her death. She died at the Carmelite convent of Santa Teresa in Coimbra, where she had lived since 1948.[7]
On 13 February 2008 (the third anniversary of her death),Pope Benedict XVI announced that in the case of Sister Lúcia he would waive the five-year waiting period established bycanon law before opening a cause forbeatification.[25] On 13 February 2017, Sister Lúcia was accorded the title Servant of God, the first major step toward her beatification.[26] In October 2022, the “Positio on the Life, Virtues and Reputation for Holiness of Sister Lucia de Jesus dos Santos” was presented at the Vatican for the Congregation of the Causes of Saints to examine, to see whether she lived a life of 'heroic virtue'.[27] She was declaredvenerable by Pope Francis on June 22, 2023.[28]
Lúcia is played by Susan Whitney in the 1952 filmThe Miracle of Our Lady of Fatima.[citation needed]
Felipa Fernandes played her inThe 13th Day, a straight-to-video feature film produced by Natasha Howes and directed by Dominic and Ian Higgins.[29]
In the 2020 filmFatima, Lúcia is played by Stephanie Gil as the young seer and bySônia Braga as an adult.
In the 2022 visual novelAnonymous;Code, The Holy Office 513, a powerful organisation within the catholic church, tries to create clones of Lùcia as well as Francisco and Jacinta Marto by planting their memories into artificial brains.[citation needed]
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Quotations from WikiquoteMarian apparitions inFátima, Portugal, in 1917 | ||
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