Kyōgoku Takatsugu | |
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| Head ofKyōgoku clan | |
| In office 1581–1609 | |
| Preceded by | Kyōgoku Takayoshi |
| Succeeded by | Kyōgoku Tadataka |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Koboshi 1560 (1560) |
| Died | June 4, 1609(1609-06-04) (aged 48–49) |
| Spouse | Ohatsu |
| Children | Kyōgoku Tadataka |
| Parents |
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| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Oda clan Toyotomi clan Eastern Army Tokugawa shogunate |
| Rank | Daimyo |
| Unit |  Kyōgoku clan |
| Battles/wars | Siege of Ōtsu (1600) |
Kyōgoku Takatsugu (京極 高次, 1560 – June 4, 1609) was adaimyō (military feudal lord) ofŌmi Province andWakasa Province during the lateSengoku period ofJapan's history.[1]
His childhood name was Koboshi (小法師). Takatsugu is recognized as the founder of the modernKyōgoku clan. His forebears had been powerful since the 13th century,[2] but their fortunes had waned after theŌnin War.[3] Takatsugu is credited with restoring his family's lost prominence and position.
Takatsugu allied himself withOda Nobunaga; and after Nobunaga's death, Takatsugu became afudai (hereditary vassal) daimyo of the Toyotomi. Hideyoshi installed Takatsugu atŌtsu Castle (60,000koku) in Ōmi province.[1]
In 1600, he sided with the Tokugawa. On the same day as theBattle of Sekigahara, failed in his efforts at theSiege of Ōtsu, butTokugawa Ieyasu's victory at Sekigahara marginalized the consequences of that loss.[4] In that same year, Takatsugu was rewarded with the fief ofObama (92,000koku) inWakasa Province.[1]
Under theTokugawa shogunate, the Kyōgoku were identified astozama or outsiders, in contrast with thefudai daimyo who were hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa.[2] Despite this, Takatsugu prospered.
Thetozama Kyōgoku claimed descent fromEmperor Uda (868–897) by his grandsonMinamoto no Masanobu (920–993).[5] They represent a branch of theSasaki clan who were adopted by theSeiwa Genji.[3]
His sister,Kyōgoku Tatsuko, also known as Matsu no maru-dono, was one ofToyotomi Hideyoshi's concubine.
Takatsugu's father wasKyōgoku Takayoshi, and his mother wasAzai Nagamasa's sisterMaria. Takatsugu marriedOhatsu, the second of three daughters of his uncle. Ohatsu's mother,Oichi, was the younger sister ofOda Nobunaga. Takatsugu became a close relative by marrying Nobunaga's niece.[6]
The older sister of Takatsugu's wife,Yodo-dono, was the concubine ofToyotomi Hideyoshi and mother of his heirToyotomi Hideyori. Takatsugu's sister and Yodo-dono's cousin, Kyōgoku Tatsuko, also became Hideyoshi's concubine. In marriage, Takatsugu became a brother-in-law of Hideyoshi.[6]
The younger sister of Takatsugu's wife,Oeyo, was the wife of second shogunTokugawa Hidetada and the mother of third shogunIemitsu.[6] In marriage, Takatsugu became a brother-in-law of Hidetada.[1]
After Takatsugu's death in 1609, Ohatsu became a Buddhist nun, taking the name Jōkō-in (常高院).[7] With connections to both the Toyotomi and the Tokugawa, the Ohatsu had long served as a liaison between the rivals. She continued in this role until 1615 when the Tokugawa eliminated the Toyotomi in Osaka.
Kyōgoku Tadataka (1593–1637) was Takatsugu's son. In 1607, Tadataka married the fourth daughter of ShōgunHidetada. He died without leaving any heirs, which meant that his holdings reverted to the shogunate. However, the bakufu acted to continue his line by posthumously designatingKyōgoku Takakazu as an heir. Takakazu was Tadataka's nephew, the son of his brother Takamasa. Tadakazu was initiallyenfeoffed atTatsuno (50,000koku) inHarima Province.[1]
In 1658, Takakazu was transferred toMarugame inSanuki Province, where the contrived descendants of Takatsugu remained until theabolition of the han system in 1871. The head of this Kyōgoku clan branch were ennobled as an hereditary viscount in theMeiji period.[1]
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