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It was known asKaliningrad (Калинингра́д) from 1938 to 1996 and served as the leading Soviet center for production ofanti-tank andair-defense guns. In 1946, in the aftermath ofWorld War II, theartillery plant was reconstructed for production ofrockets,launch vehicles, andspacecraft, under the guidance of Soviet scientist and academicianSergei Korolev, who envisioned, consolidated and guided the activities of many people in theSoviet space-exploration program. The plant later became known as theRKK Energia; when theVostok space vehicle was being developed, this research center was designated asNII-88 or POB 989.
Russian Mission Control Center is also located in Korolyov. Though the real control is decentralized due to security reasons and all space aircraft may be controlled from many different locations across Russia, the historic center of control is still in Korolyov, and is called FCC – Flights Control Center.
In July 1996, the city was renamed in commemoration ofSergei Korolev, the father of the Soviet/Russian space program, who died in 1966. Since 1997, Korolyov has hosted theInternational Space Olympics, an annual competition for young people to promote space related research.
In the 12th century, aSlavic settlement was located on the site of modern Korolyov. The settlement stood on a junction of trade routes between theMoscow andVladimir-Suzdal principalities. After theMongol conquests in the 13th century, the region was in decline.
The village of Podlipki had formed on the site by the 18th century, when one of the firsttextile factories in Russia was established there.
In 1924, the firstOGPU working commune in theSoviet Union was established at Podlipki. In 1938, the Kalininsky settlement near anartillery plant (which had previously been relocated fromLeningrad to better protect it in case of any future war) was granted town status and named Kaliningrad (meaning Kalinin City, after Bolshevik leaderMikhail Kalinin; not to be confused with theBaltic port city also renamed Kaliningrad after Mikhail Kalinin in 1946). Over the next three decades the town expanded greatly as a home ofrocket manufacturing forboth militarymissiles and theSoviet space program. As such it was aclosed city to foreigners, who could not travel there.
In June 2014,Yubileyny, Moscow Oblast Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction was merged into Korolyov City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[8] and on the municipal side, Yubileyny Urban Okrug was merged into Korolyov Urban Okrug.[5] The town of Yubileyny ceased to exist as an independent entity.[8]
As of 1 January 2016, Korolyov was in 93 place out of 1112 cities in Russia based on demographics.
On 2 June 2014, the city of Yubileniy officially became a part of Korolyov. With a total population of 220 thousand people,[4] Korolyov became the third largest city in Moscow Oblast based on population afterBalashikha (428,400[4]) andKhimki (239 967[4]).
During the implementation of themunicipal reform, by 1 January 2006, Korolyov was granted the status of the Korolyov urban district as the only settlement within it.
The main enterprise of the city is theRKK Energia, but there are several kinds of industry in the city. Thisnaukograd (science city) is the place in which the firstYouth Residential Complex in the Soviet Union was built. Another notable company located in the city isOAOKompozit, which is engaged in the field of materials science.
Today the city is prosperous overall. But in theSoviet-era economy, the city typified the wide contrasts and ironic juxtapositions that arose as some aspects of life were heavily funded by the government while others remained chronically underfunded.Yuri Krotkov described in his 1967 memoir[10] how, at the same time that advanced technology was being built for space rockets, the textile plants of old Podlipki went on for decades with nearly no improvement on their 1920s equipment, and starkly impoverished workers in various hard and glamourless jobs of prerevolutionary days crossed paths, sometimes resentfully, with the skilled technicians and scientists, who were substantially better paid despite the slogans ofSoviet ideology around the equal dignity ofmanual labourers.
Thebandy clubVympel[11] has played in theRussian Bandy Supreme League, which is the second-highest division.[12] Their home arena has a capacity of 10 000.[13] A plan existed to equip the stadium with artificial ice,[14] but the project has been abandoned. Although an indoor ice hockey-sized arena entered the plans instead, the official reason given was financial problems.[15] Now Vympel only plays in the amateur league ofMoscow Oblast. In 2014 a bandy federation for the city was founded.[16]
^"Об исчислении времени".Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved19 January 2019.
^Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post).Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search)(in Russian)
^abLaw #54/2014-OZ. Additionally, the town of Yubileyny was struck from theInventory Data of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Units of Moscow Oblast in August 2014.
^"Главой города избран А. Н. Ходырев" [A. N. Khodyrev was elected head of the city]. Official website of the Korolyov administration.Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved16 September 2014.
↑ Population of Russian Federation by municipality from 1 January 2016. Численность населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2016 года. Таблица «31. Численность населения городов и пгт по федеральным округам и субъектам Российской Федерации на 1 января 2016 года». RAR-архив (1,0 Mб)[1]
Московская областная Дума. Закон №11/2013-ОЗ от 31 января 2013 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Московской области», в ред. Закона №249/2019-ОЗ от 29 ноября 2019 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Московской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Московской области"». Вступил в силу на следующий день после официального опубликования (13 января 2013 г.). Опубликован: "Ежедневные Новости. Подмосковье", №24, 12 февраля 2013 г. (Moscow Oblast Duma. Law #11/2013-OZ of January 31, 2013On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Moscow Oblast, as amended by the Law #249/2019-OZ of November 29, 2019On amending the Law of Moscow Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Moscow Oblast". Effective as of the day following the day of the official publication (January 13, 2013).).
Московская областная Дума. Закон №53/2014-ОЗ от 21 мая 2014 г. «О преобразовании городского округа Королёв и городского округа Юбилейный, о статусе и установлении границы вновь образованного муниципального образования», в ред. Закона №87/2014-ОЗ от 15 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменения в Закон Московской области "О преобразовании городского округа Королёв и городского округа Юбилейный, о статусе и установлении границы вновь образованного муниципального образования"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования, за исключением статей 4 и 5. Опубликован: Официальный Интернет-портал Правительства Московской областиhttp://www.mosreg.ru, 23 мая 2014 г. (Moscow Oblast Duma. Law #53/2014-OZ of May 21, 2014On the Transformation of Korolyov Urban Okrug and Yubileyny Urban Okrug, on the Status and the Border of the Newly Established Municipal Formation, as amended by the Law #87/2014-OZ of July 15, 2014On Amending the Law of Moscow Oblast "On the Transformation of Korolyov Urban Okrug and Yubileyny Urban Okrug, on the Status and the Border of the Newly Established Municipal Formation". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication, with the exception of Articles 4 and 5.).
Московская областная Дума. Закон №54/2014–ОЗ от 21 мая 2014 г. «Об объединении городов областного подчинения Московской области Королёв и Юбилейный и внесении изменения в Закон Московской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Московской области"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: Официальный Интернет-портал Правительства Московской областиhttp://www.mosreg.ru, 28 мая 2014 г. (Moscow Oblast Duma. Law #54/2014-OZ of May 21, 2014On the Merger of Korolyov and Yubileyny Towns Under Oblast Jurisdiction in Moscow Oblast and Amending the Law of Moscow Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Moscow Oblast". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).
Губернатор Московской области. Постановление №123-ПГ от 28 сентября 2010 г. «Об учётных данных административно-территориальных и территориальных единиц Московской области», в ред. Постановления №252-ПГ от 26 июня 2015 г. «О внесении изменения в учётные данные административно-территориальных и территориальных единиц Московской области». Опубликован: "Информационный вестник Правительства МО", №10, 30 октября 2010 г. (Governor of Moscow Oblast. Resolution #123-PG of September 28, 2010On the Inventory Data of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Units of Moscow Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #252-PG of June 26, 2015On Amending the Inventory Data of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Units of Moscow Oblast. ).
People duty and honor – A. A. Shmelev, "libris", 1996.ISBN5-86568-133-3
People duty and honor – A. A. Shmelev, the second book. M: Editorial BoardMoscow journal, 1998.
"Space science city Korolev" - Author: Posamentir R. D. M: publisher SP Struchenevsky O. V.,ISBN978-5-905234-12-5
A.I. Ostashev,Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov – The Genius of the 20th Century — 2010 M. of Public Educational Institution of Higher Professional Training MGULISBN978-5-8135-0510-2.
"I look back and have no regrets. " - Author: Abramov, Anatoly Petrovich: publisher "New format" Barnaul, 2022.ISBN978-5-00202-034-8
"History in faces and destinies" - Author: Posamentir R. D. M: publisher SP Struchenevsky O. V.,ISBN978-5-905234-17-0
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