| Knutsford | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Knutsford Location withinCheshire | |
| Population | 13,259 (Parish, 2021)[1] |
| OS grid reference | SJ753782 |
| Unitary authority | |
| Ceremonial county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | KNUTSFORD |
| Postcode district | WA16 |
| Dialling code | 01565 |
| Police | Cheshire |
| Fire | Cheshire |
| Ambulance | North West |
| UK Parliament | |
| Website | www.knutsford towncouncil.gov.uk/ |
| 53°18′09″N02°22′15″W / 53.30250°N 2.37083°W /53.30250; -2.37083 | |
Knutsford (/ˈnʌtsfərd/) is amarket town andcivil parish in theCheshire East district, inCheshire, England; it is located 14 miles (23 km) south-west ofManchester, 9 miles (14 km) north-west ofMacclesfield and12+1⁄2 miles (20 km) south-east ofWarrington. The population of the parish at the2021 census was 13,259.
Knutsford's main town centre streets, Princess Street (also known locally as Top Street) and King Street lower down (also known as Bottom Street), form the hub of the town. At one end of the narrow King Street is an entrance toTatton Park. The Tatton estate was home to the Egerton family and has given its name toTatton parliamentary constituency, which includes the neighbouring communities ofAlderley Edge andWilmslow.
Knutsford is near Cheshire'sGolden Triangle and is on theCheshire Plain between thePeak District to the east and the Welsh mountains to the west. Residents includeCoronation Street actressBarbara Knox and footballersPeter Crouch,Sam Ricketts,Michael Jacobs andPhil Jagielka.
Knutsford was recorded in theDomesday Book of 1086 asCunetesford ("Canute's ford").[2]King Canute (Knútr inOld Norse) was the king of England (1016–1035) and later king of Denmark, Norway and parts of Sweden as well. Local tradition says that King Canute blessed a wedding that was taking place andforded theRiver Lily, which was said to be dangerous then, though other reports say it was the Birkin Brook at or near Booth Mill.[3] TheEnglish Place-Name Society gives the name as being derived from theOld English forKnutr's ford or possiblyhillock ford.[4]
In 1292,Edward I granted Knutsford amarket charter, allowing the town to hold a weekly market and annual fairs.[5]
Knutsford was historically part of theancient parish ofRostherne. Achapel of ease to serve Knutsford was built in the 14th century on a site to the east of the town near Booths Mere. The chapel was initially dedicated to St Helena and later to St John.[6][7] In 1741, Knutsford was made a separate parish from Rostherne.[5]St John the Baptist's Church was built between 1741 and 1744 on a site in the centre of the town to serve as the new parish church, and the old chapel to the east of the town was demolished.[8]
Knutsfordgaol was built in 1817 and later extended in 1853. It was not just built to house those committed of crimes but also to house those who could not be employed. In 1915, due to the low population and there being an ongoing World War the gaol was used as a military prison, for the detention of soldiers found guilty of committing offences. From 1916 it was used to house conscientious objectors who broke theMilitary Service Act 1916. In April 1916 there was anEaster Rising in Ireland, where rebels hoped to form an independent Ireland free from British rule. At least 600 rebels involved in that rising were transported to Knutsford by train fromHolyhead and imprisoned in Knutsford Gaol. During this period many prisoners were not properly fed and resorted to eating grass and anything discarded by visitors.[9] The gaol was demolished in 1934.[10]
Knutsford was the place in which GeneralGeorge S. Patton, shortly before theNormandy invasion, delivered a speech perceived to be critical of theSoviets, and to have "slap(ped) the face of every one of theUnited Nations except Great Britain", which nearly ended his career.[11]
After theSecond World War,overspill housing estates were created in the town to accommodate families fromManchester. The Longridge overspill estate was built in Over Ward byManchester City Council in the 1960s. At the end of the 20th century, all of the homes on the estate that had not already been sold to their occupants were transferred to Manchester Methodist Housing.
In 2005 Knutsford was named as the most expensive town to buy a house inNorthern England, followed by nearby townAltrincham. There is an extremely large range of house prices in Knutsford, varying from approximately £175,000 to nearly £4,000,000 in late 2017. The average price is above £400,000.[12]
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There are two tiers of local government covering Knutsford, atcivil parish (town) andunitary authority level:Knutsford Town Council andCheshire East Council. The town council is based at the Council Offices on Toft Road,[13] which had been built in 1846 as theGovernor's House for Knutsford Gaol.[14]
For national elections, the town forms part of theTatton constituency, named afterTatton Park which lies immediately north of the town.[15]
Knutsford was historically in theancient parish ofRostherne, which formed part of theBucklow Hundred of Cheshire. Rostherne parish was subdivided into severaltownships, including Nether Knutsford (or Knutsford Inferior) and Over Knutsford (or Knutsford Superior). The main part of the town was in Nether Knutsford township, with Over Knutsford lying to the south-east.[16] In 1741, Knutsford was made a separate parish, which contained the five townships of Nether Knutsford, Over Knutsford,Bexton,Ollerton, andToft.[17]
From the 17th century onwards, parishes were gradually given various civil functions under thepoor laws, in addition to their original ecclesiastical functions. In some cases, including Rostherne and Knutsford, the civil functions were exercised by each township separately rather than the parish as a whole. In 1866, the legal definition of 'parish' was changed to be the areas used for administering the poor laws, and so the townships also becamecivil parishes.[18]
When elected parish and district councils were established in December 1894 under theLocal Government Act 1894, Nether Knutsford and Over Knutsford were both briefly included in theAltrincham Rural District and given separate parish councils. The two townships were subsequently merged into a single civil parish andurban district of Knutsford, which came into effect on 1 April 1895.[19] The urban district council bought the former Governor's House of Knutsford Gaol in 1929 and converted the building to serve as its offices and meeting place.[20]
Knutsford Urban District was abolished in 1974 under theLocal Government Act 1972.[21] District-level functions passed toMacclesfield Borough Council. Asuccessor parish covering the area of the former Knutsford Urban District was created at the same time, with its parish council taking the name Knutsford Town Council.[22] In 2009, Cheshire East Council was created, taking over the functions of the borough council andCheshire County Council, which were both abolished.[23]
Knutsford has excellent access to the motorway network, with junctions to theM6 (J19) andM56 (J7) motorways nearby. However, this can also have disadvantages as the A50, which runs through Knutsford town centre, follows a similar route to the M6 betweenWarrington andStoke-on-Trent; this means that if the M6 is closed, due to an accident or roadworks, then a large volume of traffic transfers to the A50 and causes major traffic jams in Knutsford.
Knutsford railway station is a stop on theMid-Cheshire Line that runs fromChester toManchester Piccadilly, viaAltrincham.
The station was built in 1862 by theCheshire Midland Railway (CMR). The CMR was absorbed into theCheshire Lines Committee (CLC) in August 1867; this entity continued to serve Knutsford until nationalisation on 1 January 1948. The rail service to Manchester was re-routed via a slower route when theManchester Metrolink trams took over the CLC direct line between Altrincham and Manchester; the heavy rail service was re-routed, viaStockport, to Manchester.
Currently,Northern Trains generally run an hourly service in both directions. Trains operate toNorthwich and Chester to the south-west; northbound services travel to Altrincham, Stockport and Manchester. There are extra trains to and from Stockport at peak times on weekdays. On Sundays, there is a service every two hours to Chester and a service every two hours to Manchester,[24]
The number of weekday peak trains to Manchester was cut back controversially in December 2008, to allowVirgin Trains West Coast to run extra services between Manchester andLondon. Knutsford was expected to get a half-hourly train services to Northwich and Manchester (Monday to Saturday) by December 2017, with an increase in the Sunday frequency to hourly, but the promised additional services have failed to materialise.[25]
Local bus operators in Knutsford areD&G Bus andWarrington's Own Buses. Since April 2018, bus service cutbacks has left Knutsford with fewer regular routes; these are:[26]
In the past, it was common for one bus operator to run most or all of the bus routes in Knutsford.Crosville Motor Services ran buses acrossCheshire andNorth Wales. Star Line Travel later took over services, who were based in Knutsford (at Stanley Road Industrial Estate) and Wythenshawe; they were taken over byNorth Western Road Car Company, who then later became part ofArriva Midlands. Star Line Travel's Knutsford depot closed, which made running bus routes in Knutsford an unattractive proposition for Arriva, who ceased to serve the town in January 2009. Star Line Travel's coach division was later split betweenBullocks Coaches andSelwyns Travel.
Manchester Airport is located 5 miles (8 km) from Knutsford in the civil parish ofRingway; however, there are no direct bus or railway links to it from Knutsford.
Knutsford town centre has several restaurants and pubs, coffee shops, boutiques, antique shops and art galleries. Knutsford has a medium-sized supermarket,Booths, also anAldi, aLittle Waitrose, aSainsbury's Local, Olive and Sage.[28] and twoCo-Op stores (one on Princess Street and one on Parkgate Lane).
Tesco used to have a small shop in the town centre, which closed many years ago. The retailer had hoped to open a larger store on the edge of the town on Mobberley Road, but councillors inMobberley objected to the proposed development, thinking it might result in more cars travelling through their village.
In 2008,Aldi announced plans to open a superstore in Knutsford, but construction did not begin until September 2012.[29] The store officially opened in July 2013.
Barclays has a large campus site atRadbroke Hall on Toft Road just outside Knutsford,[30] employing approximately 3000 staff in IT and support functions. Before Barclays purchased the site, it was owned by The Nuclear Power Group.
St John the Baptist church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II*listed building. It is an active Anglican parish church in the located in theChurch of EnglandDiocese of Chester built between 1741 and 1744. It is in the Conservative Evangelical tradition of the Church of England and it has passed resolutions to reject the ordination of women.
St Cross is an Anglican church recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building, built between 1880 and 1887. Unlike St John's the church has had two female vicars since the Church of England approved the ordination of women.
St Vincent de Paul is a Catholic church in theDiocese of Shrewsbury. The current church opened in 1983, replacing an older church on the same site dating from the 1920s that was demolished due to subsidence. The first St Vincent de Paul church is still standing and has since been converted in to The Little Theatre. The current church includes a plaque blessed byPope John Paul II on his visit to Manchester in 1982.[31] The church was modified in 1999 to include an apse with a stained glass window, which had previously been installed at Cross and Passion Sisters convent chapel, Maryfield,Dublin. The church claims the window was designed byHarry Clarke,[32] although other sources state the window is too modern to have been designed by Clarke himself but it can still be attributed to the Harry Clarke Studio.[33]
There is a Methodist church; aUnitarian church dating from 1689, where the novelistElizabeth Gaskell is buried; and a Gospel church, located in the old ticket office at Knutsford station.
In 1919,Toc H founderTubby Clayton opened a school (originally in the abandoned Knutsford Gaol) to begin the training of men leaving the armed forces, so that they might eventually train forordination. This first Knutsford Ordination Test School, for service-men and funded by central church funds, was closed in 1922 and a new, private successor for civilians opened in a house in Knutsford called "Kilrie" in the same year.[34] The school moved to the Old Rectory inHawarden, Wales, where it was opened byA. G. Edwards,Bishop of St Asaph andArchbishop of Wales, andCosmo Lang,Archbishop of York, on 26 January 1927.[35] By Michaelmas 1939, when the Old Rectory was required for housing refugees,[36] the school relocated one last time toHawarden Castle before closing finally the next year.[37][38][39][40][41]
There were other Ordination Test Schools, including the predecessor of theHouse of the Epiphany, Kuching.
Knutsford has five primary schools (one of these is a Roman Catholic school). Knutsford also has a high school: Knutsford Academy, which also has a Sixth Form. Some secondary school pupils from the town travel to schools in Altrincham,Hartford,Holmes Chapel,Hale andMacclesfield. Some sixth formers from the town travel to colleges inNorthwich andTimperley. Macclesfield College run some adult education courses in Knutsford and Age UK run computer courses for the over 50s at Knutsford Library (as well as other libraries in Cheshire).
Knutsford Cricket Club[42] was established in 1881 and plays its home games on Mereheath Lane in the Cheshire Cricket Alliance.[43]
Toft Cricket Club[44] is located at Booths Park, Chelford Road. The Cricket Club gets its name from a neighbouring civil parish ofToft where the original ground was located when the club was established in 1928. Toft play in the ECB Premier Division of the Cheshire County Cricket League[45] It won the National Village Championship trophy atLords in 1989.
Knutsford Hockey Club[46] plays its home games at Knutsford Leisure Centre and are based at the Crosstown Bowling Club on Chelford Road. This 100-year-old club runs 3 men's teams, a ladies team, a mixed team and a badgers team. The Men's 1st XI play in Division 1 of The North West Hockey League[47]
Knutsford Football Club, formed in 1948, play at their Manchester Road ground. The club has two Saturday teams, the first team in the Cheshire League and the second or A team in the Altrincham and District League. Two Associated Veterans teams also play on Sundays in the Cheshire Veterans League. In 2015, a youth team has been fielded again after a break of 127 years.[48]
Every 10 years Knutsford hosts an international three-hour endurance race forPenny-farthing bicycles.[49]
Regional local news and television programmes are provided byBBC North West andITV Granada. Television signals are received from theWinter Hill TV transmitter.[50]
Local radio stations areBBC Radio Manchester,Greatest Hits Radio Manchester & The North West,Capital North West & Wales,Heart North West andCheshire's Silk Radio.[citation needed]
The Knutsford Guardian and Knutsford Times are the local newspapers in the town.[51][52]
There are many events in and around the town each year including the May Day festivities, The RHS Flower show atTatton Park and theCheshire County Show in the parish of Tabley, near Knutsford.
The annual Knutsford Royal May Day festival is where hundreds of people parade through the streets, and theMay Queen is crowned. During the May Day weekend there is also a funfair run on ‘The Heath’ (a large field near the centre of Knutsford) where the crowning of the May Queen also takes place) This is said to be one of the largest travelling funfairs in the UK, with a large selection of rides and games to enjoy.
Local folklore claims that Edward "Highwayman" Higgins had a tunnel running under The Heath, where he hid his booty.
TheKnutsford Guardian, established in 1860, is the only weekly paid-for paper dedicated to covering the town and its surrounding villages. The newspaper is teamed with theNorthwich,Middlewich, andWinsford Guardian.
There is a May Day custom, still observed today, of "sanding the streets" in Knutsford. The streets are decorated with coloured sands in patterns and pictures. Tradition has it thatKing Cnut, while fording theRiver Lily, threw sand from his shoes into the path of a wedding party, wishing the newly wed as many children as the grains of sand at their feet.[53] The custom can be traced to the late 1600s.Queen Victoria, in her journal of 1832 recorded: "we arrived at Knutsford, where we were most civilly received, the streets being sanded in shapes which is peculiar to this town".
Knutsford was the model forElizabeth Gaskell's novelCranford. She lived in the town for some time, on what is now known as Gaskell Avenue, and she is buried in the Unitarian Chapel graveyard. Many of the places and people described in her books can be identified as being based on places and people in the town. In 2007 the BBC adapted the novel and produced a popular TV seriesCranford. Despite several references to Knutsford, includingKing Street andThe Heath, the TV adaptation was actually filmed inLacock, Wiltshire. Notably, in 1987 Legh Road in Knutsford, designed byRichard Harding Watt, doubled for Colonial Shanghai in the opening scenes fromSteven Spielberg's filmEmpire of the Sun. A Gaskell protégé who died in Knutsford in 1859 was the once-popular novelistSelina Davenport, who abandoned writing despairingly in 1834 and kept a tiny Knutsford shop instead.[54]
Knutsford Amateur Drama Society was established in 1925 and moved to its premises in Queen Street, Knutsford shortly after the end of the Second World War. Now known by the name of the building it occupies,Knutsford Little Theatre continues to produce a selection of plays each year, including an annual pantomime.
Knutsford Heritage Centre is situated in a 17th-century timber-framed building just off King Street, which was a blacksmith's forge in the 19th century. It has a museum, garden, shop and gallery featuring various exhibitions, talks and events, and walking tours are also available. On permanent exhibition are the May Queen's dress shoes and crown from 1887.
Scenes from theGeorge C. Scott filmPatton were filmed in the centre of Knutsford, in front ofKnutsford Town Hall.[55] The building was designed by Alfred Waterhouse, and for much of the 20th century was home to Knutsford Boys' Club and latterly a furniture show room and post office. It is now home to the Lost & Found pub and cocktail bar.[56]
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