Kinsale Irish:Cionn tSáile | |
|---|---|
Town | |
.jpg) Inner Kinsale harbour and marina | |
  Kinsale Location in Ireland | |
| Coordinates:51°42′20″N8°31′20″W / 51.70556°N 8.52222°W /51.70556; -8.52222 | |
| Country | Ireland |
| Province | Munster |
| County | County Cork |
| Elevation | 10 m (30 ft) |
| Population | 5,991 |
| Time zone | UTC±0 (WET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+1 (IST) |
| Eircode routing key | P17 |
| Telephone area code | +353(0)21 |
| Irish Grid Reference | W637506 |
| Website | kinsale |
Kinsale (/kɪnˈseɪl/kin-SAYL;Irish:Cionn tSáile, meaning 'head of the brine'[2]) is a historic port and fishing town inCounty Cork, Ireland. Located approximately 25 km (16 mi) south ofCork City on the southeast coast near theOld Head of Kinsale, it sits at the mouth of theRiver Bandon, and has a population of 5,991 (as of the2022 census)[1] which increases in the summer when tourism peaks. The town is in acivil parish of the same name.[2]
Kinsale is a holiday destination for both Irish and overseas tourists.[3] The town is known for its restaurants,[4] including the Michelin-starredBastion restaurant,[5] and holds a number of annual gourmet food festivals.[6]
As a historically strategic port town, Kinsale's notable buildings includeDesmond Castle (associated with theEarls of Desmond and also known as the French Prison) ofc. 1500, the 17th-centurypentagonal bastion fort ofJames Fort onCastlepark peninsula, andCharles Fort, a partly restoredstar fort of 1677 in nearby Summercove.[7] Other historic buildings include theChurch of St Multose (Church of Ireland) of 1190, St John the Baptist (Catholic) of 1839, and the Market House ofc. 1600.[7] Kinsale is in theCork South-West (Dáil Éireann) constituency, which has three seats.
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| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1821 | 7,068 | — |
| 1831 | 7,312 | +3.5% |
| 1841 | 6,918 | −5.4% |
| 1851 | 5,501 | −20.5% |
| 1861 | 4,850 | −11.8% |
| 1871 | 6,404 | +32.0% |
| 1881 | 5,386 | −15.9% |
| 1891 | 4,605 | −14.5% |
| 1901 | 4,250 | −7.7% |
| 1911 | 4,020 | −5.4% |
| 1926 | 2,747 | −31.7% |
| 1936 | 2,422 | −11.8% |
| 1946 | 2,087 | −13.8% |
| 1951 | 1,930 | −7.5% |
| 1956 | 1,808 | −6.3% |
| 1961 | 1,763 | −2.5% |
| 1966 | 1,848 | +4.8% |
| 1971 | 1,989 | +7.6% |
| 1981 | 2,401 | +20.7% |
| 1986 | 2,581 | +7.5% |
| 1991 | 2,751 | +6.6% |
| 1996 | 3,064 | +11.4% |
| 2002 | 3,554 | +16.0% |
| 2006 | 4,099 | +15.3% |
| 2011 | 4,893 | +19.4% |
| 2016 | 5,281 | +7.9% |
| 2016 | 5,991 | +13.4% |
| [8][9][10][11][12][1] | ||
In January 1334, under acharter granted byKing Edward III of England, theCorporation of Kinsale was established to undertake local government in the town.[13][14]
The corporation existed for over 500 years until the passing of theMunicipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840, when local government in Kinsale was transferred to thetown commissioners who had been elected in the town since 1828. These Town Commissioners became the Kinsale Council under theLocal Government (Ireland) Act 1898 and the Kinsale Town Council existed until 2014 when this layer of local government was abolished in Ireland as part of measures to reduce the budget deficit following the financial crisis of 2008–2010 (seePost-2008 Irish economic downturn). It returned two members to theIrish House of Commons prior to its abolition in 1800.[15]
In its history, Kinsale has also important occasional links with Spain. In 1518 Archduke Ferdinand, later Emperor Ferdinand I, paid an unscheduled visit to the town, during which one of his staff wrote a remarkable account of its inhabitants.[16][17]
In 1601, a Spanish military expedition to Ireland – thelast of the Armadas launched against theKingdom of England – landed in Kinsale in order to link with Irish rebel forces and attack England through Ireland. As a result, thebattle of Kinsale took place at the end of theNine Years War in which English forces, led byCharles Blount, 8th Baron Mountjoy, defeated the rebel Irish force, led byHugh O'Neill, 2nd Earl of Tyrone andRed Hugh O'Donnell, twoGaelic princes fromUlster. The Irish forces were allied with the forces ofKing Felipe III of Spain, who was alsoKing of Portugal and the Algarves.[18]
In September 1607, a few years after this battle, theFlight of the Earls took place fromRathmullan inCounty Donegal in WestUlster in which a number of the native Irish aristocrats, including bothHugh O'Neill, 2nd Earl of Tyrone andRory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, abandoned their lands and fled toContinental Europe. Shortly after the battle,James's Fort was built to protect the harbour.[19] Completed by 1607, the central structure was ahalf-bastioned four-sided stone fortification, surrounded by pentagonal earthworks to abastion fort or star-shaped fort design.[20]
In 1649,Prince Rupert of the Rhine declaredCharles II as King of England, Scotland and Ireland at St Multose's Church in Kinsale upon hearing of the execution ofCharles I in London by Parliamentarian forces during theEnglish Civil War.[21] The Virginia trading fleet made this harbour the safest destination during their wartime voyages.[22]
Charles Fort, located atSummer Cove and dating from 1677 in the reign ofCharles II, is abastion-fort that guards the entrance to Kinsale Harbour. It was built to protect the area and specifically the harbour from the use by the French and Spanish in the event of a landing in Ireland.James's Fort, which dates from the reign ofKing James VI and I, is located on the other side of the cove, on theCastlepark peninsula. Anunderwater chain used to be strung between the two forts across the harbour mouth during times of war to scuttle enemy shipping by ripping the bottoms out of incoming vessels.[citation needed]
James II landed at Kinsale in March 1689 with a force of 2,500 men,[23] raised with the support of KingLouis XIV, as part of his campaign to regain power in England, Scotland and Ireland. In 1690,James II and VII returned to exile in France from Kinsale, following his defeat at theBattle of the Boyne byWilliam III of England (alsoStadtholder William III of theHouse of Orange-Nassau) after the 'Glorious Revolution' (or Revolution of 1688) in England against the background of wars involving France under KingLouis XIV.[citation needed]
From 1694, Kinsale served as a supply base for Royal Navy vessels in southern Ireland, and a number of storehouses were built; it was limited to smaller vessels, however, due to thesandbar at the mouth of the river.[24]
English navigator and privateer Captain Woodes Roger mentions Kinsale in the memoir of his 1708 expedition from Cork; in particular, he mentions a pair of rocks known as 'the Sovereigne's Bollacks' on which his ship almost ran aground.[25][26] Kinsale's naval significance declined after theRoyal Navy moved its victualling centre from Kinsale toCork harbour in 1805 during theNapoleonic Wars in the period of France's First Empire.[citation needed]
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When the ocean linerRMSLusitania was sunk by aU-boat of theGerman Empire on 7 May 1915 on a voyage from New York City toLiverpool during theFirst World War, some of the bodies and survivors were brought to Kinsale and the subsequent inquest on the bodies recovered was held in the town's courthouse.[27] A statue in the harbour commemorates the effort. The Lusitania memorial is at Casement Square inCobh, to the east of Cork city.
Kinsale was linked by a branch line via Farrangalway and Ballymartle to the Irish railway system of theCork, Bandon and South Coast Railway and its successors from 1863 until 1931, when the branch was closed by theGreat Southern Railways during a low point in Kinsale's economic fortunes. The station, inconveniently located for the town and harbour, was on Barrack Hill and the line ran to a junction at Crossbarry on theCork (Albert Quay) toBandon line.[28]
In 2005, Kinsale became Ireland's secondFair Trade Town, withClonakilty being the first. Kinsale, with its "electrifyingly bright streets", was rated as among the "20 most beautiful villages in the UK and Ireland" byCondé Nast Traveler in 2020.[29]
Bus Éireann provides Kinsale's primary means of public transport. Buses regularly operate from Kinsale to Cork City, with most of these stopping atCork Airport on the way. Kinsale and Bandon are linked by public transport with a bus service provided by East Cork Rural Transport.
The Archdeacon Duggan Bridge, on the R600 road to the south-west of the town, was opened in March 1977 and named after Father Tom Duggan MC OBE, a chaplain in both WWI and WWII, and later a missionary priest in Peru. This bridge replaced an older cast iron structure of the early 1880s which was located approximately three kilometres (two miles) upstream on the River Bandon, near Tisaxon More (Tigh Sacsan Mór).[citation needed]
There are a number ofprimary and secondary-level schools in the area.[30] The town's community school was awarded "Best School in the Republic of Ireland" twice,[31][citation needed] as well as receiving awards at theBT Young Scientist Exhibition in 2014.[32]
Kinsale College offers a number of further education courses,[33] and the town also has a school of English.[citation needed]
Kinsale Yacht Club (KYC) began in 1950 and today is a sailing club that runs events for all ages of sailors and social activities throughout the year. Junior sailing includes Optimists, Lasers and 420's. The yacht classes includeSquib (keelboat), InternationalDragon (keelboat) and A-Class Catamaran as well as three Cruiser Classes (Class I, II and III).[34]
Founded in 1982, the grounds ofKinsale Rugby Football Club are used for the annualKinsale Sevens event, which attracts international teams and thousands of spectators annually.[35][36]
The Kinsale GAA club plays in theCarrigdhoun division ofCork GAA.[37] They won the Cork Football Intermediate County Championship in 2011, the first time since 1915.
Kinsale Badminton[38] club which is affiliated with Badminton Ireland is based in St Multose Hall Kinsale. It caters to both adult and juvenile players and enters teams in Cork county Leagues and Cups.
The Kinsale Branch of theIrish Red Cross has been in existence since 1939 and is staffed by volunteers, who are present at local events and activities – including the annualKinsale Sevens rugby event.[39] The Kinsale Red Cross has 2 ambulances which are housed in a purpose-built building in Church Lane and crewed by trained volunteers.
Kinsale competes in theIrish Tidy Towns Competition and was the overall winner in 1986.[40][41]
Kinsale is the first 'Transition Town' in Ireland, and the Transition Town community organisation, supported by Kinsale town council, holds meetings locally. It has taken some guidance from the Kinsale Energy Descent Action Plan 2021, which has spawned further Transition Towns worldwide.[42]
Kinsale hosts an annual jazz festival, which takes place during the last weekend of October. Pubs and hotels in the town host concerts by jazz and blues groups throughout the weekend, including on the last Monday of October (which is abank holiday in Ireland).[43][44]
The monumental steel, originally unpainted, sculptureThe Great Wall of Kinsale, byEilis O'Connell and installed in 1988 to celebrate Kinsale's achievements in the Tidy Towns competition, stands by Pier Road and Town Park.[45]
Bastion, a restaurant on Market/Main streets, received aMichelin Star in 2020.[5] ChefKeith Floyd was previously a resident of Kinsale.[46]
The town forms part of theBandon-Kinsale electoral district on Cork County Council and is part of theCork South-West constituency for Dáil Éireann elections.
Kinsale istwinned with:
Residential developments in the 21st century include the Convent Garden scheme near the historic centre.[49] This development involves the conversion of the former St Josephs Convent of the Sisters of Mercy on Ramparts Lane into 79 apartments and the building of 94 houses in the grounds. After several years of inactivity,[50] construction and sales activity recommenced in 2015 and 2016.[citation needed]
A further residential development, Abbey Fort, includes 260 units at the north end of Kinsale.[51] Initial phases were completed in 2007–2012. Part of the 22-acre site at Abbey Fort was sold by theNational Asset Management Agency in December 2015.[52]
As of the2011 census, ethnically Kinsale was 76.5% White Irish, 18.5% other white, 0.5% black, 1% Asian, and 1% 'other', with 2.5% not stated.[53] In terms of religion, the2011 census captured a population that was 76%Catholic, 10% other stated religions (mainly Protestant), 11% with no religion, and 3% not stated.[53]
By the2022 census, the town had a usually resident population of 5,755. Of these, 74.4% identified as White Irish and 16.1% as other white ethnicities. A further 0.7% identified as Black or Black Irish, 2.6% as Asian or Asian Irish and 2.2% as other ethnicities. 3.9% did not state their ethnicity. In terms of religion, 61.0% identified as Catholic, 9.9% belonged to other religions and over 29% indicated that they had no religion or did not state a religious affiliation.[54]
The town runs three annual food events, with [Kinsale Restaurant Week], its Gourmet Festival, which in October celebrates its 43rd year, and the National Chowder Cook Off in April
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