Kingston Mills, located approximately 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of downtownKingston, Ontario, is the southernmost of 24lockstations in theRideau Canal system, a National Historic Site andWorld Heritage Site managed and operated byParks Canada.
Kingston Mills developed because of a series of falls (known as Cataraqui Falls) on theCataraqui River. In 1784, agrist mill andsaw mill were built by the British government on the falls to serve the residents of the growingLoyalist settlement at Cataraqui, now Kingston. Under orders fromMajor John Ross who was in charge of the Cataraqui settlement, Lieutenant David Brass ofButler's Rangers built a road to the falls from Cataraqui. This was the first road built inUpper Canada.[1] "King's Mill", the area's original name, became a major location for settlers to bring produce for processing. Several mills were built over the years; the structures were often damaged by fire or water, or left abandoned.
After theWar of 1812 Kingston's naval base onPoint Frederick was deemed vulnerable to American attack. Since Kingston Mills was considered to be better protected from attack because of its inland position, land was acquired and surveyed at Kingston Mills for anaval stores depot with accompanying fortifications. The depot was never built, because British priorities changed from improving Kingston's naval infrastructure to fortifying Kingston and its harbour.[2]
Beginning in 1827, the site was cleared to begin building locks for the Rideau Canal. The locks would enable boats to bypass the falls. Four locks (Nos. 46, 47, 48, and 49) were constructed, all of which have a lift of 3.6 metres.
A defensiveblockhouse was constructed beginning in 1832. It housedmilitia and British regular troops from 1838 to 1841. It is one of four situated along the Rideau Canal. The blockhouse has been restored to the condition it may have looked like in the 1830s.
In 1853 a wooden railway bridge was built by theGrand Trunk Railroad over the lower locks. TheCanadian National Railway replaced this bridge with a steel bridge in 1929.
Since 1909, several bridges over the canal along Kingston Mills Road have been constructed and replaced. The last bridge, a steelswing bridge, was built in 1988.
In 1914 ahydroelectric power generating station was built. The generating station is still in operation.
Other structures built at Kingston Mills include storage barns, stables, railway buildings, living quarters, and the lockstation office, which was once a store house. The only buildings still existing, other than the generating station and the blockhouse, are the lockstation office and the original lockmaster's house which is now a visitor centre known asLockmaster Anglin's Visitor Centre.
Kingston Mills was designated a National Historic Site in 1925, and a World Heritage Site in 2007.[3][4]
In 2009, four women of theShafia Family were found dead in a car underwater at Kingston Mills. It was determined that the four had beenmurdered. Family members of the deceased were convicted.[5]
The Rideau Canal, of which Kingston Mills is a part, is a recreational waterway, catering to pleasure craft. Boaters may travel between Kingston andOttawa. Boat tours along the canal are also provided.
Kingston Mills offers a location for picnicking, fishing, swimming, walking, androck climbing during the warm months. A rock climbing location has been developed at the southwest end of the locks. Many routes have been set including ones fortop roping,lead climbing,trad climbing, andbouldering.
44°17′32″N76°26′32″W / 44.29222°N 76.44222°W /44.29222; -76.44222