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Ker-Xavier Roussel (10 December 1867 – 6 June 1944) was a French painter associated withLes Nabis.
BornFrançois Xavier Roussel inLorry-lès-Metz,Moselle in 1867, at age fifteen he studied at theLycée Condorcet in Paris; alongside his friendÉdouard Vuillard, he also studied at the studio of painterDiogène Maillart. In 1888, he enrolled in theÉcole des Beaux-Arts, and soon began frequenting theAcadémie Julian whereMaurice Denis and other students formed the groupLes Nabis.[1] In 1899, Roussel, Vuillard, and his close friend,Pierre Bonnard, travelled toLake Como,Venice, andMilan. In that year he settled inL'Étang-la-Ville,Yvelines and the subject-matter of his paintings veered towards rural landscapes.
He drew his subject matter from the area around L'Étang-la-Ville andSaint-Tropez, adapting the scenery toGreek mythological episodes depicting women, children, nymphs, centaurs and fauns. His wife Marie (Vuillard's sister), his daughter Annette, his son Jacques and his grandchildren served as models. He abandoned the small format pictures typical of the Nabis and created large, brightly coloured paintings in a post-impressionist style. His paintings celebrated the seasons, abundance, drunkenness, lustful behaviour and dance, the latter influenced byIsadora Duncan. A number of paintings depict voyeuristic mythological and Old Testament episodes; one of his paintings illustratesStéphane Mallarmé's poem of 1876,L'après-midi d'un faune, in which the faun creeps through rushes to spy on female bathers.
While Roussel expressed erotic joy in his bucolic pictures (the 'glorious blaze of the flesh'[2]), he also had a melancholy and dark side expressed in dark lithographic illustrations to works byMaurice de Guerin,La Bacchante andLe Centaure. Between 1914 and 1917 he was admitted to a clinic, suffering from depression. He produced large numbers of pastels in his final years, between 1930 and 1944, picturing violent death in mythology.
Roussel is known for huge paintings of landscapes decorating public spaces, with others commissioned for private clients. In 1912 he painted the front curtain of theThéâtre des Champs-Élysées and in 1937-9 he created a huge eleven-metre panel in the debating chamber at the Palais des Nations (Palace of Nations) in Geneva. In 1926, Ker-Xavier Roussel won theCarnegie Prize for art. His reputation reached a peak in 1936 with a multi-panel scheme for thePalais de Chaillot.
Ker-Xavier Roussel died in 1944 at his home in L'Étang-la-Ville.
Roussel is mentioned inGertrude Stein'sAutobiography of Alice B. Toklas, Chapter 3. There she recounts an exchange he had with Theodore Duret in Vollard's shop at an uncertain date after 1904. Roussel complained of the lack of recognition that he and the other Nabi painters had to contend with. Duret consoled him by pointing out his incompatibility with the manners and fashions of the bourgeois world and the differences between "art" and "official art".[3]
In 2019 he was rescued from the near oblivion into which he has generally fallen in modern times by a comprehensive exhibition,Ker-Xavier Roussel, Private Garden, Dreamed Garden at the Musée des Impressionnismes, Giverny.[4]
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