Kenneth R. Chien (born 1951)[1] is an American doctor and medical scientist[2] who has been a research director atKarolinska Institute, in Stockholm, since 2013.[3] Chien has several papers with over 1,000 citations and a h-index of 132.[2] His area of expertise is cardiovascular science. His research into regenerativecardiovascular medicine, specifically while director of the Cardiovascular Program of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute,[4] led to his co-founding, in 2010, of ModeRNA Therapeutics.[5] In 2018, the company re-branded asModerna, Inc.[6] Chien is a recipient of theWalter Bradford Cannon Award of theAmerican Physiology Society and thePasarow Award. He is a member of theNorwegian Academy of Science and Letters,[7] the Austrian Academy of Sciences,[8] and has received an honorary doctorate from the University of Edinburgh.[9]
Kenneth's father Luther was born in China and escaped the second world war. He became aHarvard andMIT scholar, andDuPont scientist while working for the navy. Luther wanted Kenneth to become a neurologist.[10]Kenneth Chien earned a BA fromHarvard College in Biology before earning his PhD and MD from Pennsylvania'sTemple University. He continued to study internal medicine and cardiology at theUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas.[11] At Temple, Chien's PhD thesis was entitled "Biochemical events in irreversible, ischemic liver cell injury", which was published in 1982 and for which he conducted his dissertation in 1983.[12] He is also a third generation Harvard alumnus, following his father and grandfather.[13]
Chien became a member of the faculty at the University of California at San Diego,[14] acting as director of the Institute for Molecular Medicine from 2000 to 2005, with an adjunct appointment as a Professor of theSalk Institute.[15] During that period, Chien was also responsible for co-founding the Institute of Molecular Medicine at Beijing'sPeking University.[15] Chien then worked as Scientific Director of the Cardiovascular Research Center at Massachusetts General Hospital from 2005 to 2012, concurrent to directing the Cardiovascular Program of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute from 2007 to 2013.[15] In 2013 Chien took up a position as Professor of Cardiovascular Research and Research Director or the Wallenberg-Cardiovascular Initiative atKarolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden.[3] In an interview, Chien discussed the opportunity at KI to work closely with Astrazeneca in Molndal to move forward discoveries in regenerative therapeutics made in his lab towards clinical application, as well as praising Sweden as “a country that has decided to put its faith in science and technology".[16] Dr. Chien has received numerous grants from the National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute, dating back to 1985.[17] He has also applied for several patents, securing a total of 17.[18]
While working at Harvard, Chien was approached byDerrick Rossi, a colleague at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, about co-founding a newco, based on findings in the Rossi lab on reprogramming stem cells with mRNA.[5][19] This eventually turned into the medical research company Moderna Therapeutics, co-founded by Rossi, Chien and Bob Langer under the aegis of Flagship VentureLabs in 2011.[20] In 2011, the Chien Lab made the discovery of the high efficiency expression of VEGF mRNA in heart muscle, resulting in a patent on the discovery that triggered mRNA towards therapeutic applications.[18][21] In 2013, Chien and his associates documented the ability of VEGF mRNA for coronary vascular regeneration and to reverse the onset of heart dysfunction, thereby opening the potential of were researching the possibility of using synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA) to produce therapeutic desired effects in a patient's muscle cells:
“What we have shown is that muscle cells take up this synthetic mRNA and will express almost any protein quickly. The technology will allow an intense, focused, one‐time application to drive a therapeutic effect that might have a long‐lasting effect by affecting, expanding and redirecting the fate of rare native tissue progenitors that are normally mobilized during injury and usually contribute to scar tissue.”[16]At Karolinska, the Chien lab documented the ability to generate large numbers of human Islet heart progenitor cells from human embryonic stem cells, which resulted in a partnership with Astrazeneca to move the project toward clinical application.[22][23]
In February 2019,AstraZeneca and the Chien lab reported the first in human study of an mRNA therapeutic, noting reversal of vascular dysfunction in diabetic patients by VEGF mRNA.[24]
"PPARγ is required for placental, cardiac, and adipose tissue development", Y Barak, MC Nelson, ES Ong, YZ Jones, P Ruiz-Lozano, KR Chien, ..., Molecular cell 4 (4), 585–595, (1999)
"Postnatal isl1+ cardioblasts enter fully differentiated cardiomyocyte lineages", KL Laugwitz, A Moretti, J Lam, P Gruber, Y Chen, S Woodard, LZ Lin, ..., Nature 433 (7026), 647–653, (2005)
"Signaling pathways for cardiac hypertrophy and failure", JJ Hunter, KR Chien, New England Journal of Medicine 341 (17), 1276–1283, (1999)
"Multipotent embryonic isl1+ progenitor cells lead to cardiac, smooth muscle, and endothelial cell diversification", A Moretti, L Caron, A Nakano, JT Lam, A Bernshausen, Y Chen, Y Qyang, ..., Cell 127 (6), 1151–1165, (2006)
"Cardiac muscle cell hypertrophy and apoptosis induced by distinct members of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase family", Y Wang, S Huang, VP Sah, J Ross, JH Brown, J Han, KR Chien, Journal of Biological Chemistry 273 (4), 2161–2168, (1998)
"Epicardial progenitors contribute to the cardiomyocyte lineage in the developing heart", B Zhou, Q Ma, S Rajagopal, SM Wu, I Domian, J Rivera-Feliciano, ..., Nature 454 (7200), 109–113, (2008)
"Regulation of cardiac gene expression during myocardial growth and hypertrophy: molecular studies of an adaptive physiologic response", KR Chien, KU Knowlton, S Chien, The FASEB Journal 5 (15), 3037–3064, (1991)
"ErbB2 is essential in the prevention of dilated cardiomyopathy SA Crone", YY Zhao, L Fan, Y Gu, S Minamisawa, Y Liu, KL Peterson, ..., Nature medicine 8 (5), 459–465, (2002)
"MLP-deficient mice exhibit a disruption of cardiac cytoarchitectural organization, dilated cardiomyopathy, and heart failure", S Arber, JJ Hunter, J Ross Jr, M Hongo, G Sansig, J Borg, JC Perriard, ..., Cell 88 (3), 393-403 (1997)
"Enhanced myocardial function in transgenic mice overexpressing the beta 2-adrenergic receptor", CA Milano, LF Allen, HA Rockman, PC Dolber, TR McMinn, KR Chien, ..., Science 264 (5158), 582–586, (1994)
