Kathleen Hanna | |
|---|---|
 Hanna performing in London, 2016 | |
| Born | (1968-11-12)November 12, 1968 (age 56) Portland, Oregon, U.S. |
| Other names | Julie Ruin |
| Alma mater | The Evergreen State College |
| Occupations |
|
| Spouse | [1] |
| Children | 1 |
| Musical career | |
| Origin | Olympia, Washington |
| Genres | |
| Instruments |
|
| Years active | 1989–present |
| Labels | Kill Rock Stars |
| Member of | The Julie Ruin,Bikini Kill,Le Tigre |
| Formerly of | Viva Knievel,Suture |
Musical artist | |
Kathleen Hanna (born November 12, 1968) is an American singer, musician and pioneer of the feminist punkriot grrrl movement, andpunk zine writer. She is the lead singer of feminist punk bandBikini Kill[2][3] and fronted theelectropunk bandLe Tigre in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Since 2010, she has recorded asthe Julie Ruin.[4]
In 2009, Hanna made her zines, art pieces, photography, video, music, journals, and other material which focus on the early formation of the Riot Grrrl movement available at theFales Library atNew York University. Adocumentary film about Hanna was released in 2013 by directorSini Anderson, titledThe Punk Singer, detailing Hanna's life and career, as well as revealing her years-long battle withLyme disease. Hanna is married toAdam Horovitz of theBeastie Boys.[1]
Hanna was born November 12, 1968, inPortland, Oregon.[5] At age three, her family moved toCalverton, Maryland; as Hanna's father changed occupations, the family moved several more times.[5]Hanna first became interested in feminism around the age of nine, after her mother took her to a rally inWashington, D.C. where feminist iconGloria Steinem spoke.[6] In a 2000 interview withBUST magazine, Hanna recalled: "My mom was a housewife and wasn't somebody that people would think of as a feminist, and whenMs. magazine came out we were incredibly inspired by it. I used to cut pictures out of it and make posters that said 'Girls can do anything', and stuff like that, and my mom was inspired to work at a basement of a church doing anti-domestic violence work. Then she took me to the Solidarity Day thing, and it was the first time I had ever been in a big crowd of women yelling, and it really made me want to do it forever."[7]
Hanna's interest grew when her mother checked out a copy ofBetty Friedan'sThe Feminine Mystique from the library. Their involvement in the women's rights movement was done quietly during Hanna's childhood, due to her father's disapproval.[8]
Upon her parents' divorce, Hanna returned to Portland and attendedLincoln High School andGrant High School.[9] After high school, she relocated from Portland toOlympia, Washington, to attendThe Evergreen State College in the late 1980s. During this time she worked as astripper to pay her tuition.[10][11][12] "My parents didn't go to college. I felt lucky [to attend]."[13] While at Evergreen, with fellow student and photographer Aaron Baush-Greene, she set up a photo exhibit featuring the pair's photography, which dealt with sexism, violence against women, and AIDS – issues that were heightened for Hanna when she volunteered for SafePlace, adomestic violence organization.[14] However, the school administrators took the photos down before they had the chance to be viewed, an act of censorship that prompted what Hanna refers to as her "first foray into activism": the creation of Reko Muse, an independent feminist art gallery, with friends Heidi Arbogast andTammy Rae Carland.[14]
Hanna began doingspoken word performances that addressedsexism and violence against women. Eventually, she abandoned spoken word in favor of music after a conversation with one of her favorite writers, countercultural iconKathy Acker. Hanna recalled,
Acker asked me why writing was important to me, and I said, 'Because I felt like I'd never been listened to and I had a lot to say,' and she said, 'Then why are you doing spoken word—no one goes to spoken word shows! You should get in a band.'[15]
Hanna then formed a band with Arbogast and Carland, called "Amy Carter", which put on shows before the art exhibitions.[6]
Later, Hanna started another band calledViva Knievel that toured the United States for two months before disbanding. Upon returning to Olympia in 1990, Hanna began collaborating with Evergreen student, drummer andpunk zinesterTobi Vail after seeing a performance ofthe Go Team (a band made up of Vail,Billy Karren, andCalvin Johnson) and recognizing Vail as the mastermind behind thefanzineJigsaw that Hanna greatly admired and loved.[16] In October 1990, Hanna and Vail joined with Karren and bassistKathi Wilcox to formBikini Kill, which soon became part of the seminal early-1990sOlympia, Washington music scene. One goal of the band was to inspire more women to join the male-dominated punk scene.[3] While Bikini Kill were in Washington, D.C. during summer 1991, Hanna recorded with two side projects, which were featured on the compilation cassetteA Wonderful Treat:Suture (withSharon Cheslow andDug E. Bird), and Wondertwins (with Tim Green ofNation of Ulysses). Bikini Kill, Suture, and Wondertwins all performed at theInternational Pop Underground Convention in August 1991.[17][18]
Bikini Kill's first release for theKill Rock Stars label was a self-titled EP produced byIan MacKaye ofFugazi. Bikini Kill then toured the UK, recording a split LP with UK bandHuggy Bear. This tour was filmed and the band was interviewed byLucy Thane for her documentary,It Changed My Life: Bikini Kill in the UK. Upon returning to the U.S., the band began working withJoan Jett, who produced their single "New Radio/Rebel Girl". After the single's release, Hanna began co-writing songs with Jett for her new album. At the same time, Hanna recorded her spoken-word "Rockstar", released on a7-inch single in the Kill Rock Stars "Wordcore" series; and "I Wish I Was Him", which appears on the KRS compilationRock Stars Kill. The song, written byBen Lee about alternative rock heartthrobEvan Dando,[19] was originally recorded by Lee's bandNoise Addict.[20]
The first two Bikini Kill EPs were released on CD asThe C.D. Version of the First Two Records in 1993.[21] The band released two more full-length albums,Pussy Whipped in 1994 andReject All American in 1996, and in 1998,Kill Rock Stars releasedBikini Kill: The Singles, a collection of the group's seven-inch and compilation tracks. Bikini Kill amicably disbanded in mid-1998.[22]
After Bikini Kill's breakup, Hanna began working on a solo project calledJulie Ruin. The project was created entirely in Hanna's bedroom using a $40 drum machine. One self-titled album was released under the Julie Ruinpseudonym, and was partially inspired by the work of feminist theoristJulia Kristeva.[23]
Hanna said of the project:
Girls' bedrooms sometimes can be this space of real creativity. The problem is that these bedrooms are all cut off from each other. I wanted the Julie Ruin record to sound like a girl from her bedroom made this record but then didn't just throw it away or it wasn't just in her diary but she took it out and shared it with people.[24]
While inPortland, Oregon, Hanna began working with friend and then-zine editorJohanna Fateman on a live show for Julie Ruin. The collaboration resulted in the two briefly forming a band called the Troublemakers, named after aG. B. Jones film,[25] which ended when Fateman relocated to New York City to attend art school.
Hanna soon moved to New York City, and with the addition of filmmakerSadie Benning, they started another band calledLe Tigre based upon a more electronic style of music, similar to the sampler-driven sound Hanna had begun to explore with Julie Ruin. (She later revealed toBust magazine that she was "totally broke" at this time and ate oatmeal daily.[26]) Hanna refers to it as part of a "Punk Feminist Electronic genre".[27] The band recorded for theMr. Lady Records label, its first recording being an eponymous album which included the singles "Hot Topic" and "Deceptacon." Benning then left the band and was replaced byJD Samson for their second album,Feminist Sweepstakes.[28]
Mr. Lady Records folded, and the group switched toUniversal Records for the 2004 release ofThis Island. Hanna left the band in 2005 due to illness; she was later diagnosed with late-stageLyme disease.[29] According to the Le Tigre website, during her time off from the band, Hanna volunteered as a band coach for theWillie Mae Rock and Roll Camp for Girls. She also taught an art class atNYU's graduate school in the Fall 2007 semester and attended interior design classes.[30] In 2010, Hanna DJed at theMuseum of Modern Art, later joining theRaincoats on stage to cover theSlits'Vindictive.[31]
Also in 2010, Hanna announced she was rebuilding her 1997 actJulie Ruin, turning it into a full band calledthe Julie Ruin withKenny Mellman andKathi Wilcox, and that they would be creating a new record. The band played their first show atKnitting Factory in New York City which included songs from Bikini Kill and Le Tigre, and one new composition.[32][33] From 2010 to 2013, directorSini Anderson worked on a documentary on Kathleen Hanna titledThe Punk Singer, documenting her works from Bikini Kill to the Julie Ruin. It premiered atSXSW in 2013.[34] In June 2013, Julie Ruin released its first single, "Oh Come On". An album,Run Fast was released in September 2013 with the band going on tour. The band cancelled the tour planned for May to September 2014 due to Hanna's Lyme disease deteriorating.[35] She has since recovered and begun performing again. The Julie Ruin's second album,Hit Reset, was published in July 2016 by Hardly Art.[36]
Hanna's outspoken feminism has always influenced her work. She became a voice forthird-wave feminism and theRiot Grrrl movement in 1991.[37] In 1991, Bikini Kill spent the summer in Washington, D.C., where Hanna began collaborating withAllison Wolfe,Molly Neuman, andJen Smith from the bandBratmobile on thezineRiot grrrl, which became a call to action for young women to embrace feminism and equal female involvement in the punk rock scene.[38]
We wanted to start a magazine, and Allison Wolfe and Molly Neuman from the band Bratmobile had started a littlefanzine calledriot grrrl and we were writing little things for it. I'd always wanted to start a big magazine with really cool, smart writing in it, and I wanted to see if the other punk girls in D.C. that I was meeting were interested in that. So I called a meeting and found a space for it, and it just turned into this sort of consciousness-raising thing. I realized really quickly that a magazine wasn't the way to go. People wanted to be having shows, and teaching each other how to play music, and writing fanzines, so that started happening. It got some press attention, and girls in other places would be like "I wanna do that. I wanna start one of those."
The zines "cover[ed] strategies for safety in the mosh pit",[39] "exploration of political ideas",[40] and creating a collective for punk feminist women. The Bikini Kill Zine, which began in 1991, was born from this, along with the desire to present "feminist issues through a punk rock lens." By Issue Two, the Riot Grrrl Manifesto was born, urging women to defy society's expectations upon them as women, and to form a collective for women to freely discuss current issues. While Hanna never sought nor intended to become the spokeswoman for Riot Grrl, she hoped that it would provide a voice for issues that are relevant to women on local, national, and global levels.[41]
At Bikini Kill concerts, Hanna would ask women to move to the front of the stage to avoid harassment from males, as part of her idea of "girls to the front' or "Revolution Girl Style Now."[24] In a mostly male-dominated punk rock scene where shows often turned violent because of mosh pits (where women were often assaulted), Hanna wanted space for women to be able to feel safe. Additionally, with a barrier of girls in the front rows, she too could feel safe and supported at her own shows, where male hecklers were constantly present.
Her feminist contributions to punk music are also evident in her lyrics. In an interview with Nicole Brodeur fromThe Seattle Times, it is said that, "Hanna's lyrics were about girls who did and wore what they wanted, despite societal expectations."[42] Hanna: "It doesn't mean you're not a feminist because you expose your legs." She zeroed in on the idea that women should have the ability to express themselves in any way they please, without backlash, and her performances regularly reflected such themes. Bradeur: "Hanna exposed her breasts and rear-end with lust-killing bluntness; she wore a girlish ponytail and danced around with 'slut' written in lipstick across her midriff."
In 1991, Hanna performed with Bikini Kill (alongsideFugazi) at the Pro-Choice Rally at theNational Mall in Washington, D.C. before thePlanned Parenthood v. Casey trial. Having had an abortion herself at 15, Hanna said: "It's about women not dying in back-alley abortions, but it's also about women saying: 'My life is worth it, too. I deserve to have control over my life and my health care.' Imagine if a man was told, 'You can't make the decision to have avasectomy.'"[43][44] Hanna also spoke at the 2011 Planned Parenthood "Stand Up for Women's Health" Rally. During her speech, she told her story of when she was 19 years old, on tour, and broke. She had acquired an infection, was extremely ill, and walked into a Planned Parenthood clinic for help. Despite having less than $10 in her pocket, she was "met with open arms" at the clinic, was treated with respect, and received medical care.[45]
Hanna contributed the piece "Gen X Survivor: From Riot Grrrl Rock Star to Feminist Artist" to the 2003 anthologySisterhood Is Forever: The Women's Anthology for a New Millennium, edited byRobin Morgan.[46] The riot grrrl genre, to which Hanna was central, has been credited as a historical site for the empowerment of women by such documentaries asThe Punk Singer, which credits Hanna with having molded many tenets of third-wave feminism.[47]
In 2009, the Fales Library atNew York University created a Riot Grrrl Collection which focuses on the early formation of the Riot Grrrl movement, and has a series of zines, art pieces, photography, video, music, journals, and more. Some of Hanna's solo work, along with zines that she has created with Bikini Kill and other collaborators are also included.[48] The Bikini Kill archive is also available online.[26]
In a 2014 interview with Amy Middleton of Australian webzineArcher, Hanna stated that she supportedmarriage equality. Hanna also noted that while on tour with Le Tigre, she met teenagers who had told her of startingLGBT groups andgay/straight alliances in their high schools; she said, "Hearing that made me feel so hopeful for the future". In the same interview, Hanna stated she was saddened by trans-exclusionary feminist movements, and appeared to supporttransfeminism.[49] Previously, critics had suggested Hanna was trans-exclusionary for having performed at theMichigan Womyn's Music Festival in 2001 and 2005, which had a policy of exclusively allowing "womyn-born-womyn" into the event.[50]
In 2018, Hanna started "Tees 4 Togo", a project which sells t-shirts with drawings of Hanna's friends such asKim Gordon,Patton Oswalt,Joan Jett, andChuck D, along with artists such asSarah Larnach,Adee Roberson, and Hannah Lucy.[13] 100% of the proceeds go to the non-profit Peace Sisters, which helps fund local girls' school tuition costs inDapaong,Togo.[51] The cost of one $40 shirt funds an entire school year for a student.[51]
Hanna was identified asbisexual in a 1993Out article,[52] while a 2013Pride.com article described her as "a vocalally of the gay community".[53] In 2006, Hanna marriedAdam Horovitz of theBeastie Boys.[5] Hanna and Horovitz were reported in 2024 to be living inPasadena, California, with their ten-year-old son.[54]
Hanna suffered fromLyme disease for six years before it was correctly diagnosed.[55] The disease forced her to enter a three-month course of treatment in 2014, resulting in canceling live performances with her band the Julie Ruin.[35] In 2013 inBust magazine she revealed that Horovitz "took care of me throughout the whole thing."[26] By June 2015, she described herself as in remission.[56]
Media from Commons
Quotations from Wikiquote
Data from Wikidata
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Artists | |
| Other | |