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|
 Kaymak fromTurkey | |
| Alternative names | Malai |
|---|---|
| Course | Breakfast anddessert |
| Place of origin | Central Asia |
| Region or state | Iraq,Syria,Iran,India,Mongolia,Georgia,Albania,Greece,Lebanon,North Macedonia,Serbia,Romania,Turkey,Bulgaria,Egypt,Montenegro,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Afghanistan,Azerbaijan,Uzbekistan,Kazakhstan,Pakistan,India. |
| Main ingredients | Milk |
| Variations | Kaymer, Qaymer, Qeimer, Qaymiq, Qashta, Ashta, Makahan |
Kaymak,sarshir, orqashta/ashta (Persian:سَرشیرsaršir;Arabic:قشطةqeshta orقيمرgeymar;Turkish:Kaymak) is a creamydairy food similar toclotted cream, made from themilk ofwater buffalo,cows,sheep, orgoats inCentral Asia, someBalkan countries, someCaucasus countries, theLevant,Turkic regions,Iran andIraq.
The traditional method of making kaymak is to boil the raw milk slowly, then simmer it for two hours over a very low heat. After the heat source is shut off, the cream is skimmed and left to chill (and mildlyferment) for several hours or days. Kaymak has a high percentage ofmilk fat, typically about 60%. It has a thick, creamy consistency (not entirely compact, because of milk protein fibers) and a rich taste.[1]
The wordkaymak hasCentral AsianTurkic origins, possibly formed from the verbkaymak, which means 'melt' and 'molding of metal' inTurkic.[2] The first written records of the wordkaymak is in theDīwān Lughāt al-Turk ofMahmud al-Kashgari. The word remains askaylgmak in Mongolian, which refers to a friedclotted cream, and with small variations in Turkic languages asqaymaq inAzerbaijani,qaymoq inUzbek,қаймақ inKazakh andShor,каймак inKyrgyz,kaymak inTurkish,[2]gaýmak inTurkmen,კაიმაღი (kaimaghi) inGeorgian,καϊμάκι (kaïmáki) inGreek, andкајмак (kajmak) inSerbo-Croatian,caimac inRomanian. This dairy food is calledsarshir (سَرشیر) 'top of the milk' in Iran. They use this name because after boiling milk, a layer of fat stands on the top of the boiled milk.[3][4]
InAfghanistan,qaimak orqaymaq is thinner and is eaten for breakfast meals usually with bread. People typically top qaimak with honey, sugar, or mix it with jam. It can be spread on pastries or added to milk tea. Qaimak can be purchased at grocery stores in Afghanistan or made at home. Afghan qaimak can be made from cow or buffalo milk.
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Known askajmak, it is almost always made at home, though commercial production has increased. Kajmak is most expensive when at its freshest—only a day or two old. It can keep for weeks in the refrigerator but becomes harder and loses quality.[5] Kajmak can also be matured in dried animal-skin sacks; one variation is calledskorup. The termkajmak is also used for the creamy foam in Turkish coffee, and many other coffees in the Balkans.
Kajmak is usually enjoyed as anappetizer or for Saturday morning breakfast (as Saturdays are market days when the best kajmak can be bought), and also as acondiment. The simplest recipe islepinja s kajmakom (pita bread filled with kajmak), consumed for breakfast or asfast food.
Bulgarians,Bosnians,Montenegrins,Serbs, andAlbanians consider it a national meal.
InSerbia, it is stuffed inside a chicken or other meat cutlet, breaded, and fried into a dish calledKarađorđeva šnicla, similar to a stuffedschnitzel.
Other (Serbian) traditional dishes with kajmak (sold in restaurants) includepljeskavica s kajmakom (theBalkan hamburger patty topped with melted kajmak), as well asribić u kajmaku (beef shank simmered with kajmak).[6]
InAlbanian it is called ajkë.
In theAdjara region ofGeorgia, bordering Turkey,კაიმაღი (kaimaghi) is made from cow's milk in homes in the mountainous municipalities ofKeda,Shuakhevi, andKhulo. It is typically eaten withGeorgian cheese and/or bread, and is only rarely served in restaurants.[7][8]
Kaïmaki (καϊμάκι) is a soft cream cheese that can be spread on bread or used in cooking as a filling in food and for desserts. Kaïmaki can also be found as a chewy ice cream that is flavoured withmastic.[9]
InIraq, it is calledgeymar orqeimar (قيمر) and is very popular. Iraqigeymar is usually made from the rich fatty milk of cows or buffaloes, which are prevalent in the marshes of southern Iraq. It is available both factory-produced and from local vendors or farmers asgeymar Arab.[citation needed]
Iraqis tend to servegeymar for breakfast with bread, honey or jam. The most popular way is to spread it on an Iraqi pastry bread calledkahi and cover it withdate honey.Qeymar onkahi with date syrup or honey is a long-standing traditional breakfast in Baghdad and throughout southern and northern Iraq.[citation needed]
InIran,sarsheer (سرشیر) is made using a different method which does not involve heating the milk, thus keeping enzymes and other cultures of the milk alive.
Shops inTurkey have been devoted to kaymak production and consumption for centuries. Kaymak is mainly consumed today for breakfast along with the traditionalTurkish breakfast. One type of kaymak is found in theAfyonkarahisar region where the water buffalo are fed from the residue of poppy seeds pressed for oil. Kaymak is traditionally eaten withbaklava and otherTurkish desserts, fruit preserve and honey (bal kaymak) or as a filling inpancakes.[citation needed]
