Canada's Minister of the Interior, Charles Stewart, announced to the House of Commons that Canada claimed all land betweenAlaska andGreenland up to theNorth Pole, with the exception ofWrangel Island.[4][5]
An intense and deadlyheat wave began in parts of the United States.[6]
American hotel ownerRaymond Orteig revived theOrteig Prize of $25,000— equivalent to $451,000 in 2025— to be awarded to the first aviator, or aviators, who could fly non-stop by airplane between New York City andParis. The five-year term of the original prize had expired on May 22, 1924. Orteig deposited $25,000 in negotiable securities at the Bryant Bank, to be controlled by a seven-member board of trustees and available to anyone who could make the crossing by May 31, 1930.[7]
TheNew York Yankees' starting first baseman,Wally Pipp arrived at a game with a severe headache, and after asking for twoaspirins, was replaced by the relatively unknownLou Gehrig, who played so well that he permanently took Pipp's position and went on to a Hall of Fame career. Pipp would later be quoted to have said, "I took the two most expensive aspirin in history."[10][11]
Eddie Collins of theChicago White Sox became only the sixth player in major league baseball history to get 3,000 hits in his career, doing so on a pitch fromWarren "Rip" Collins (no relation) of theDetroit Tigers, in a 12 to 7 Chicago win. During the historic hit, the Tigers hadTy Cobb, who had gotten his 3,000th hit in 1921, playing centerfield.[12]
Gertrude Michelson, American business executive and the first woman to serve on the Board of Directors of multiple Fortune 500 corporations; inJamestown, New York (d.2015)[14]
Michael P. W. Stone, British-born U.S. Secretary of the Army from 1989 to 1993, veteran of the British Royal Navy before moving to the U.S.; inLondon (d.1995)[15]
Died:
Lue Gim Gong, Chinese-born American farmer known for revolutionizing the citrus fruit industry inFlorida with his cross-breeding and pollination techniques on improving oranges, grapefruits, apples and tomatoes[16]
John Kennedy Tod, 72, Scottish-born American banker and railway executive, formerly a rugby union player for the Scottish national team[17]
An insane manshot to death eight members of his family in amass shooting inHamilton, Ohio, then attempted suicide by shooting himself in the chest. Floyd Russel, 43, waited until the family was asleep and killed his mother, his brother, and the brother's wife and five of six children. Russel told police that he was afraid that the family would be evicted and believed that there was a past due mortgage on the family home.[25][26]
Odette Ferreira, Portuguese microbiologist known for her identification of theHIV-2 virus and for coordinating the Portuguese health campaign to endAIDS; inLisbon (d.2018)
In Germany, theRentenmark, which had been issued in 1923 in an attempt to control the problem ofhyperinflation in the Weimar Republic, became obsolete as the deadline for exchanging the currency for the newReichsmark was reached.
In British India,Jiwajirao Scindia became the lastMaharaja of theprincely state ofGwalior upon the death of his father, the MaharajaMadho Rao Scindia. Knighted in British India as Sir George Jiwajirao Scindia, he ruled until May 28, 1948, when the Gwalior State was absorbed into what is now the Indian state ofMadhya Pradesh.[31]
TheGreat Syrian Revolt against the French occupation of theMandate of Syria was triggered when representatives of theJabal Druze State were treated poorly by the French administrator.[35] The Druze delegation arrived inBeirut in the French Mandate of Lebanon to present their request to GeneralMaurice Sarrail, theHigh Commissioner of the Levant. Rather than listening to a request that a Druze governor be appointed to replace the French Governor Carbillet, General Sarrail ordered the delegation to leave Beirut or to be arrested and exiled to the Syrian city ofPalmyra. Sarrail had the nine delegates arrested on July 21 and theSultan al-Atrash called for the Arab uprising.
Norway sent out two planes and two steamships to search for the North Pole seaplane expedition ofRoald Amundsen which had been missing for over two weeks.[36]
Died:Fredrik Rosing Bull, 42, Norwegian information technology scientist known for his improvement of the technology forpunched card data reading, died of cancer.[40]
The U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision in the landmark case ofGitlow v. New York, holding that the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution extended the First Amendment protections of freedom and speech and freedom of the press to individual state governments. Specifically, the Court upheld a New York law that made it a crime to advocate the overthrow of a government by force.[41]
Eddie Gaedel, American variety artist known for being (at 3'7" or 1.09 m) the shortest player in Major League Baseball history; inChicago (died of injuries sustained in a beating, 1961).[45] Gaedel made a single appearance at bat, for theSt. Louis Browns against theDetroit Tigers on August 19, 1951, as part of a publicity stunt by Browns' ownerBill Veeck
Worn-out brake linings and excessive oil on brake drums contributed to the deaths of seven pople in thederailment of a train in England as it went out of control down a steep hill nearHebden, North Yorkshire. A witness reported that the driver commented that "the brake has been burnt out" before hitting it three times with a hammer and declaring "it's all right now."[49]
In a treaty with theEmpire of Japan, theRepublic of China agreed to help Japanese soldiers in removingKorean immigrants from China's northeastern provinces, which had become a haven for Korean independence agitators.[52]
In Canada, rioting by coal miners took place inNew Waterford, Nova Scotia, after some of the security guards ofBritish Empire Steel and Coal Company (BESCO) got drunk and rode on horseback through town, knocking down any bystanders, including several schoolchildren.[53] A crowd of 3,000 United Mine Workers members and their families walked to the Waterford Lake power plant and confronted a group of 100 BESCO guards and police and attacked them. The guards then fired into the crowd and killed one miner,William Davis as well as wounding others. June 11 is nowWilliam Davis Miners' Memorial Day inNova Scotia, recognizing all miners killed on the job in the province.
UCLA, theUniversity of California, Los Angeles, still referred to at the time as the "Southern Branch of the University of California", awarded its first Bachelor of Arts degrees to 128 graduates, 98 of whom were women.[56]
After Mexico's PresidentPlutarco Calles threatened to have the government seize possession of the oil fields owned by U.S. and European companies, U.S. Secretary of StateFrank B. Kellogg threatened to break relations.[57]
French Prime MinisterPaul Painlevé flew to Morocco to assess the front line situation in theRif War.[58]
Born:Dick Miles, Americantable tennis player and 10-time U.S. national champion between 1945 and 1962, described in his obituary as "perhaps the greatest table tennis player the United States has ever produced"; inManhattan, New York City (d.2010)[60]
Charles Francis Jenkins demonstrated synchronized transmission of pictures and sound at the Jenkins Labs in Washington, D.C.Jenkins publicly demonstrated the synchronized transmission of silhouette pictures. Jenkins used aNipkow disk and transmitted the silhouette image of a toy windmill in motion, over a distance of 5 mi (8.0 km) (from a naval radio station in Maryland to his laboratory in Washington, D.C.), using a lensed disk scanner with a 48-line resolution.[62][63] He was granted U.S. patent 1,544,156 (Transmitting Pictures over Wireless) 17 days later on June 30.
Police in Chicago engaged in a gunbattle against Mike Genna, John Scalise and Albert Anselmi of Chicago'sGenna crime family after the Genna gang had attempted at hit againstBugs Moran andVincent Drucci of theNorth Side Gang in retaliation for the May 27 killing of Mike's brother Angelo Genna. At the intersection of Western Avenue and 60th Street, the police had overtaken Mike Genna. In the gunfight, officers Harold Olsen and Charles Walsh were killed and Michael Conway was seriously wounded. Police officer William Sweeney shot and killed Mike Genna, and other police captured Scalise and Anselmi.
Hawaiian surfer and 1912 Olympic gold medalist swimmerDuke Kahanamoku saved the lives of eight people off of the coast ofNewport Beach, California and another four were rescued from drowning by other swimmers, after the fishing yachtThelma was capsized by a large wave. Another five passengers on the yacht drowned.[65][66]
In a spontaneous reaction against the dictatorship ofMiguel Primo de Rivera, the crowd at anFC Barcelona game against the Catalonian club Jupiter jeered Spain's national anthem, the "Marcha Real", and applauded the English anthem "God Save the King" as performed by an English marching band. The FC Barcelona soccer football club was fined and shut down for six months in reprisal, and ownerJoan Gamper, was forced into exile. He committed suicide five years later.[67][68]
Stranded near theNorth Pole since May 22, theAmundsen Polar Expedition team of six explorers was able to depart on Amundsen'sDornierWal N-25 seaplane. The six men had landed on the ice in two airplanes at latitude 87°43' N, further north than any humans in history, become stranded, and had spent their time since then using tools to chisel a primitive runway to fly again. Barely managing to take off from their makeshift airstrip in the N-25, the explorers had to leave behind the other aircraft, an N-24Wal seaplane.[72]
ThePhiladelphia Athletics tied the record for greatest comeback in a major league baseball game, after trailing theCleveland Indians by 12 runs.[73] Trailing 14 to 2, after six innings, the Athletics scored 13 runs in the eighth inning to win, 17 to 15. While no team has come back from being down by more than 12 runs, the 1925 game tied the record set on June 18, 1911 by the Detroit Tigers against the Chicago White Sox (down 13 to 1, came back to win 16 to 15) and would be tied again on August 5, 2001 by theCleveland Indians (down 14 to 2, came back to win 15 to 14) against the Seattle Mariners.[74]
A train derailment in the U.S.killed 47 people and severely injured 23 others nearHackettstown, New Jersey, after a violent storm washed debris upon a grade crossing.[75][76] The train, operated by theDelaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad had departed fromChicago on June 14 with 182 passengers, nearly all of whom were German-born or Austrian-born Americans and their families who were scheduled to travel on the ocean linerPacific for a visit to Germany. Less than 60 miles (97 km) from the harbor atHoboken, the locomotive struck debris and the first threecars with passengers impacted and ruptured the locomotive'sboiler. Many of the people who survived the initial impact werescalded and burned to death by the boiling water and steam that swept through broken windows.[77]
The first of the Soviet Union'sYoung Pioneer camps,Artek, was opened at the town ofGurzuf on theBlack Sea, initially as a health camp for children with tuberculosis. Until the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, a stay at the camp in the summer was a privilege for outstanding members of theYoung Pioneers, the Communist Party's youth organization for children aged 9 to 14.
Roald Amundsen and the crew of his attempt to fly over the North Pole landed safely in their N25 seaplane nearNordaustlandet,Svalbard inNorway.[78][79]
TheInternational Mercantile Marine Officers' Association was founded atAntwerp inBelgium as a federation of merchant marine trade unions from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and the United States. The affiliated member unions of the IMMOA would merge into the International Transport Workers' Federation in 1946, though the organization itself would exist until 1964.[80]
Bebe Barron, American musician known for teaming with her husband, engineer Louis Barron, to create the firstelectronic music recording, as well as the first electronic film score (for the MGM movieForbidden Planet) in 1956; as Charlotte May Wind inMinneapolis (d.2008)[83]
TheGeneva Protocol, officially the "Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare", was signed in Switzerland by representatives of 38 nations. The signers represented the major parties in the First World War or their successors (Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, the Netherlands, Russia, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States), as well as by Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, Denmark, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Greece, British India, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Nicaragua, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,Siam, Uruguay and Venezuela.[86] It entered into force on February 8, 1928, as a general prohibition on chemical weapons and biological weapons in international armed conflicts.[87]
In the U.S.,George A. Parks became the first Alaska resident to serve as Governor of theAlaska Territory. After growing up inColorado, Parks had moved to Alaska when he was 24 and would serve until 1933, then live and work there for the rest of his life.[93]
ViscountProsper Poullet becamePrime Minister of Belgium after the general council of his Socialist Party voted 40 to 26 to approve his formation of a new coalition government.[94]
TheDetroit Tigers set a Major League Baseball record by scoring 11 runs in a single inning in a 19 to 1 win over theNew York Yankees.[95] The record would stand until 1953.
Born:
Wolfgang Hildemann, German classical music composer known for his use of thetwelve-tone technique, a means of ensuring that all 12 notes of thechromatic scale are sounded equally often in a piece of music while preventing the emphasis of any one note.(d.1995)[96]
Germany's supreme court, theReichsgericht, struck down a law for the purpose of confiscation of all the demesne lands of the Dukes ofSaxe-Coburg and Gotha, ruling it was unconstitutional. The decision caused much public resentment in Germany and the question ofexpropriation of the dynastic properties of the former ruling houses of the German Empire became a contentious political subject.[100]
In the U.S. town ofPrice, Utah, a lynch mob and a crowd of about 1,000 men, women and children had gathered outside theCarbon County Courthouse after learning that African-American Robert Marshall was being brought by Deputy Sheriff Henry East to be placed in jail.[101] Marshall had been arrested for the murder of white mine watchman James Burns. Warned that members of the crowd were planning to carry out thelynching of Marshall, East exited the police car and left Marshall inside. A group of men then took the car, followed by a procession of at least 100 more cars, drove Marshall to a nearby farm in order to carry out his hanging. Marshall was still breathing after being rescued by three deputies, and five men from the lynch mob hanged him a second time, breaking his neck and killing him instantly. While 11 members of the mob were arrested, they were freed after posting bail on June 30. Nobody was willing to testify against them and no charges were brought.
"Fighting Bob" La Follette
Died:Robert M. La Follette, Sr., 70, liberal U.S. Senator for Wisconsin since 1906 and Governor from 1901 to 1906, died seven months after having won 13 electoral votes in the1924 U.S. presidential election as the third party candidate for theProgressive Party. Nicknamed "Fighting Bob", "the name by which he was known to political friends and enemies alike"[102] La Follette, "considered one of the most powerful orators of his time",[102] had contracted a cold in 1923 and remained away from the Senate afterward, with the exception of his presidential campaign and a brief return in March to vote against the confirmation of Charles R. Warren as Attorney General.[102]
In Germany, engineerWalther Bauersfeld was awarded Patent No. 415395 for his invention of what is now called ageodesic dome, after having applied on November 9, 1922.[103] The dome was constructed for the roof of theZeiss-Planetarium, which would open on July 18, 1926 inJena[104] Almost 30 years after Bauersfeld's patent, American architectR. Buckminster Fuller would receive U.S. Patent No. 2,682,235 for the dome, though he popularized the idea rather than conceiving it first.
After he had committed his sixth armed robbery, bank robberEverett Bridgewater and two of his accomplices (Clinton Simms and William A. Zander) were arrested inIndianapolis.[105] Bridgewater confessed to the robbery of at least $33,000 in cash and more than $60,000 in securities from four banks (in Upland, Marion, Kokomo and New Harmony), and entered a guilty plea to charges on the Kokomo robbery the next day. He was then sentenced to spend at least 10 years in prison.[106]
Mussolini harvesting wheat as part of publicizing the Battle for Grain
Italy's Prime MinisterBenito Mussolini launched what he labeled "The Battle for Grain" ("La battaglia del grano"), aimed at increasing Italy's wheat production to the point of becoming completely self-sufficient and no longer needing to import grain.[109] In order to decrease consumption of grain, Mussolini's policy attempted to persuade Italian families to consume grains other thanwheat, which was in short supply, but which was the primary ingredient in bothbread andpasta. Over the next 10 years, in a campaign to "liberate Italy from the slavery of foreign bread", Mussolini advocated consumption ofrice and rice-based substitutes for traditional Italian foods.[110]
TheNational Fascist Party of Italy ended its fourth and finalparty congress in Rome. Such conferences had become increasingly unnecessary as the Fascist Party expanded its power and became essentially the state.[119] InBenito Mussolini's closing speech he first used the word "totalitarian" when he referred to "our ferocious totalitarian will."[120]
Born:Saul Holiff, Canadian music promoter known for serving as the agent and business manager for U.S. country music singerJohnny Cash from 1960 to 1973; inLondon, Ontario (d.2005)[121]
The massiveGros Ventre landslide occurred in the U.S. state ofWyoming nearJackson following heavy rains over a period of several weeks and the day after a 4.0 magnitude earthquake. Approximately 38,000,000 m3 (1.3×109 cu ft) of sedimentary rock came down from theTeton Mountains and dammed up a river, creating theLower Slide Lake.[125]
Died:Francis Rule, 88,Cornish British mining engineer and businessman who developed pumping equipment techniques to exploit flooded and abandoned silver mines[131]
June Lockhart, American film and TV actress, known primarily as the co-star ofLassie from 1958 to 1964, and ofLost in Space from 1965 to 1968; in New York City (alive in 2025)
The president ofGreece,Pavlos Kountouriotis, was forced to dismiss Prime MinisterAndreas Michalakopoulos after the military takeover of the government. General Pangalos, leader of the coup d'etat, was appointed as the new prime minister and given control of the nation.
In the capital of the British-ruledColonial Nigeria,Ibikunle Akitoye was elected by the Lagos Ruling House as theOba of Lagos, the monarch of theYoruba people. Akitoye, who would be approved by the British government on August 9, replacedEshugbayi Eleko, who had been deposed by the Ruling House on June 10, 1925.[135]
All nine people on the CanadiantugboatOcean King were killed after it veered into the path of theCanadian Pacific Linesocean linerMarloch on theSaint Lawrence River. Struck by the bow ofMarloch,Ocean King (which had been directed to tow the larger ship) capsized and its boilers exploded as it sank.[136]
Richard X. Slattery, American film and TV actor and former NYPD officer, known primarily for roles of police or military officers; inThe Bronx, New York City (d. 1997)
TheIndependence Tribunal of Diyarbekir, established to conduct trials of the Kurdish participants in theSheikh Said rebellion against the government of Turkey, issued death sentences to 47 of rebels, includingSheikh Said himself. The sentence was carried out in public the next day with mass hangings from scaffolds erected at the Mountain Gate ofDiyarbakir at Dağkapı Square. In all, the tribunals prosecuted more than 5,000 rebels, convicted 2,300 of them and hanged 420 of them.[144]
An6.8 magnitude earthquake killed 13 people inSanta Barbara, California and caused at least eight million dollars in damage.[151] The earthquake caused buildings downtown to collapse or to become unsafe for habitation, but struck at 6:44 in the morning before most people had arrived for work.[152] Further casualties were prevented by the quick actions of William Engle in cutting electrical power, and Henry Ketz and William Pflegling in shutting the main valves of the natural gas pipelines.[153]
TheSvenska Teatern inStockholm, Sweden's national theater and the largest (with 1,100 seats) in the Scandinavian kingdom since its opening in 1875, was destroyed by fire. It was never rebuilt.
American engineerCharles Francis Jenkins received U.S. Patent No. 1,544,146 for his invention "Transmitting Pictures over Wireless", which he had applied for on March 13, 1922 for a practical system oftelevision. Using hisPhantoscope" He would make the first commercial broadcasts in the U.S. from a studio in hislaboratories in Washington D.C. on July 2, 1928.
Edith Nourse Rogers defeated Eugene N. Foss in a special election to replace her late husband as the U.S. Representative for the 5th District of Massachusetts,[159] an office which she would hold for the next 35 years. Rogers, the sixth woman to be elected to the U.S. Congress, filled out the unexpired term of her husband, CongressmanJohn Jacob Rogers, who had died on March 28, and would be re-elected 16 times.
Born:
Don Hayward, Welsh rugby league player with 15 caps for the Wales national team and three for the British Lions; inPontypool,Monmouthshire (d. 1999)
^Greenberg, Michael I. (2006).Encyclopedia of Terrorist, Natural, and Man-made Disasters. Sudbury, Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 186.ISBN978-0-7637-3782-5.
^"Five Are Drowned When Waves Capsize Yacht— Twelve More Narrowly Escape as Swimmers Bring Victims to Shore on Surf Boards",The Los Angeles Times, June 15, 1925, p.17
^Patrick Moser,Waikiki Dreams: How California Appropriated Hawaiian Beach Culture (University of Illinois Press, 2024)
^Rab MacWilliam,Life in La Liga: The Story of Spanish Club Football (Arena Sport, 2019)
^Kaes, Anton; Jay, Martin; Dimendberg, Edward, eds. (1994).The Weimar Republic Sourcebook. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 476.ISBN0-520-06775-4.
^Stentzel, Rainer (2000). "Zum Verhältnis von Recht und Politik in der Weimarer Republik. Der Streit um die sogenannte Fürstenenteignung" [On the relationship between law and politics in the Weimar Republic: The dispute aver the expropriation of the Princes' property].Der Staat (in German). 39th year (2): 278.
^"Geschichte".Zeiss-Planetarium Jena (in German). January 6, 2022. RetrievedSeptember 22, 2022.
^"Bridgewater Is Turned Over to Kokomo Police",The Indianapolis Times, June 20, 1925, p.1
^"Desperado Given Prison Sentence— Everett Bridgewater on Way to State Reformatory Less Than 24 Hours After His Arrest",The South Bend Tribune, June 21, 1925, p.1
^Bevans, Charles I. (1971).Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States of America 1776–1949, Volume 8.United States Department of State. p. 1132.
^"Women's War Memorial".The British Medical Journal (Vol. 2 No. 3366 ed.). London, UK: BMJ. 4 July 1925. p. 25.
^Sara Montes Romero (2016),La Casa Rule(PDF), Museo Virtual de Pachuca, retrieved11 August 2016
^Hale, Georgia (1999).Charlie Chaplin: Intimate Close-Ups. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. xv.ISBN978-1-4616-5737-8.
^"Montana Shaken by Earthquakes over Wide Area", AP report inSunday World-Herald (Omaha NE), June 28, 1925, p.1 ("Nearly two-thirds of the state of Montana was shaken vigorously by two series of earthquake shocks early tonight, the first at 6:23 o'clock and the second at 7:07.")
^"General Dodd Dies at Florida Home",The Atlanta Constitution, June 30, 1925, p.8
^Hough, S.E.; Martin, S.S. (2018), "A proposed rupture scenario for the 1925 MW 6.5 Santa Barbara, California, earthquake",Tectonophysics,747–748,Elsevier:211–224,doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2018.09.012
^"12 DIE, $10,000,000 DAMAGE AS QUAKE, FLOOD AND FIRE WRECK SANTA BARBARA— 300 Guests Trapped in Ruins as Hotel Arlington Collapses",Oakland Tribune, June 29, 1925, p.1
^"Lions Clubs to Aid Blind Welfare Work— Helen Keller Given Great Ovation by International Association", AP report inThe Springfield (MA) Union, July 1, 1925, p.4
^"Widow Wins Seat of Her Husband in Congress, 23 to 9— Mrs. Edith Rogers Gets 23,614 to Male Opponent's 9,521",The Post-Star (Glens Falls, New York), July 1, 1925, p.1
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