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Josef Karl Rädler (1844–1917) was an Austrianporcelain andwatercolor painter. He has been described as "one of the most exciting self-taught artists to be discovered in recent years". In 1872, he co-founded a porcelain painting studio named Artistische Atelier für Porzellanmalerei Rädler & Pilz. The studio was founded by Rädler and Robert Pilz in Vienna.
Rädler painted about 400 watercolors while an inpatient at an asylum.
Josef Karl Rädler was born in 1844 inSokolov,Czech Republic, which was thenBohemia and part of theAustrian Empire.[1][2] He was the son of Josef Anton Radler (1808–1880) and Barbara Theresia Bach (1811–1878), a family with many other artists.
At the age of 23, he moved to Vienna, where he established a porcelain workshop, married, and fathered four children. In his late 30s, severe mood swings led him down a path of unrealistic business ventures and protracted legal battles, ultimately resulting in his commitment to the Viennese asylum at Pilgerhain in 1893. There, he received a diagnosis of "secondary dementia", which today might be likened toschizophrenia.[2]
In 1897, during his confinement at the asylum, Rädler began producing watercolor paintings. His works often used both sides of the paper, where one side featured relatively realistic imagery, and the other contained intricately woven symbolic figures and text.
In 1905, Rädler was transferred to a state-of-the-artsanatorium at Mauer-Öhling. There, he had access to expansive grounds and an amusement area where patients congregated for communal activities. His subject matter expanded significantly, transitioning from birds to portraits of fellow patients and landscapes of the hospital grounds.[2]
The discovery of Rädler's work in the 1960s marked a turning point in his posthumous recognition. Approximately 400 of his watercolors were rescued from a rubbish heap at Mauer-Öhling. Austrian psychiatristLeo Navratil played a role in bringing Rädler's art to the public eye. In 1994, Rädler's works were displayed at theLower Austria Museum.[3] TheWellcome Collection in London also showcased his paintings in 2009 in an exhibition titled Madness & Modernity: Mental Illness and the Visual Arts in Vienna 1900.