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Sir John Alexander Hammerton (27 February 1871, inAlexandria, Scotland – 12 May 1949, in London) is described by theDictionary of National Biography as "the most successful creator of large-scale works of reference that Britain has known".[1][2]
Hammerton's first posts in journalism included a period inNottingham, where he first met his lifelong collaborator and friend,Arthur Mee. In 1905, Hammerton joinedAlfred Harmsworth'sAmalgamated Press. He and Mee produced theHarmsworth Self-Educator.
Hammerton contributed to the first edition of Mee'sChildren's Encyclopædia, which was a fortnightly series from 1908 till 1910 before being published in eight large volumes. Hammerton's contribution consisted of compiling articles on 'Famous Books' and 'Poetry'.
Hammerton's greatest achievement wasHarmsworth's Universal Encyclopædia. It was published first as a fortnightly series from 1920 to 1922. TheEncyclopaedia sold 12 million copies throughout the English-speaking world.[3] Some of the content was reformatted as articles in a later six volume self improvement series by Hammerton entitledPractical Knowledge for All.
From 1914 to 1919, Hammerton was joint editor withHerbert Wrigley Wilson of the periodicalThe Great War: The Standard History of the All-Europe Conflict, published by the Amalgamated Press.
The first volume ofThe Great War concentrated on justifying Britain's entry intoWorld War I, and with encouraging the British people to sign up and fight. In its entirety,The Great War ran to 13 volumes.[4]
In 1933, Hammerton'sA Popular History of the Great War (in six volumes) was published. In his introduction to volume 1, Hammerton discusses the previous World War I series: 'Although it remains a storehouse of information for future students of the period, "The Great War", as that set of thirteen massive volumes was called, would now require to be largely re-written in light of later knowledge'.[4]
Hammerton describedPopular History as "embodying the gist of post-war revelations and official documents".[4]
Popular History contains 3,840 pages of text, 100 maps and diagrams, and 800 photographs.[5]
In the Second World War, Hammerton edited "The Second Great War - A Standard History" (with Maj.-Gen. SirCharles Gwynn acting a Military Editor).[6] It was originally published in 104 parts, first fortnightly and then monthly for over five years, reverting to fortnightly in the last year of production.[7] The collected editions were published in 9 volumes in 1947.
Hammerton later edited a biography ofJ. M. Barrie and studies ofCharles Dickens andRobert Louis Stevenson. He also wroteOther Things than War: Musings and Memories (1943), and an autobiography,Books and Myself (1944). He editedPunch Library of Humour, a book series of volumes of selected Punch Magazine sketches, described as "cream of our national humour, contributed by the masters of the comic draughtsmanship and leading wits of the age to 'Punch'".
Mee died in 1943. In 1946, Hammerton wrote a biography of him entitledChild of Wonder.
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