| Predecessor | Ise Grand Shrine local administration |
|---|---|
| Successor | Association of Shinto Shrines |
Parent organization | Institute of Divinities (1940–1946) |
Jingūkyō (神宮教) is a sect of Shinto that originated fromIse Grand Shrine, the Ise faith. It was not technically aSect Shinto group but had characteristics of one.[1] It was founded in 1882, and was reorganized into the Jingū Service Foundation (神宮奉斎会,Jingu-hosai-kai) in 1899.[1]
Jingukyo was established during theMeiji era in Japan. While it was not included as one of the thirteen sects of prewar Shinto, it possessed characteristics of sect Shinto until the mid-Meiji period. It was organized by Urata Nagatami and others, with Tanaka Yoritsune as its first Superintendent.[1]
In 1872, Urata Nagatami asked for permission to start a Shinto church called Jingū Kyōkai, shortly after theMinistry of Religion was created. He opened teaching centers and religious groups to organize his disciples, then combined them under the name Divine Wind Religious Association in 1873. Popular pilgrimage groups that were already established were also included. The Jingūkyo Institute started spreading its teachings throughout the country after the dissolution of the Daikyōin in 1875.[1]
In 1882, theKyodo Shoku was abolished, which led to the Jingūkyo Institute declaring itself independent from the official Grand Shrine Administration Office and renaming itself Jingūkyō. Tanaka Yoritsune became the first superintendent after Urata resigned. Membership increased until the late 1880s, but there was little growth afterward. In 1898, Japan's Civil Law was passed, and there was a movement to make the Jingūkyō a service organization for the Grand Shrines of Ise. As a result, the Jingūkyō was reorganized into the Jingū Hōsaikai in September 1899.[1]
On July 20, 1872 (Meiji 5), he was appointed Chotami Urada, a minor chief priest ofIse Grand Shrine and also a member ofMinistry of Education[2] requested the establishment of the Jingu Church (神宮教会,Jingū kyōkai), and in October, he submitted a notification for the Jingu-kyoin (神宮教院,Jingūkyō-in) for teaching and learning, established a kosha for the followers, and established the existing Ise-kō (Taijōkō) as the foundation of the Jingu Church. The Jingu-kyoin was reorganized under the umbrella of the Jingu Church based on the existing Ise-ko (Taiji-ko).[3] The Jingu-kyoin was established as the center of the Jingu Church.[4] In1873 (the 6th year of Meiji), based on a donation of 2,000 ryo byMatsudaira Munehide,Guji ofIse Jingu, a preaching hall was established to serve as a model for shrines throughout Japan, and in August it was named Jiyoukan, which meant "Shrine within Meiji Jingu The church was meant to be a church,[3] the notification was made in March, and the building opened on October 1.[5] The localkoshas called themselves patriotickoshas, etc., but in October of1873 (1873) they were unified and became KamikazeKoshas.[3]
From July to December of 1873, the Jingu Church's pilgrimage was planned by Urata and preached by Honjo and other ministers, and attracted an audience of 9,000 or more people on most days, and several hundred to 2,000 on others.[6]
After the dissolution of theGreat Teaching Institute, in accordance with Urada's teaching policy, a branch office was established in Tokyo, and each diocese in Japan had one headquarters church and branch churches.[3]
In 1882, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued the "Ministry of Home Affairs Announcement No. B No. 7 of January 24, 1882," abolishing the dual role of the priest who presided over rituals and theKyodo Shoku who conducted proselytizing. Shortly after this, theIse Grand Shrine and the Jingu-kyoin were separated, and the Jingu-kyoin became a branch of theSect Shinto called the Shinto Jingu-ha.[3] After Urata retired in1877 (10th year of Meiji),Yoritsune Tanaka [ja], who had worked on the teaching, became the first head minister.[3] On October 5, the various schools of the Sect Shinto were independent under the name of the school, but were not branches each with the name of the denomination as not being.[7]
In 1882 (Meiji 15), it was agreed that the production and distribution of theJingu Taima would be entrusted to theJingūkyō administration, but the following year it was changed so that the Jingu Office was responsible for production and theJingūkyō administration was responsible for distribution.[8]
In 1882 (Meiji 15), inHibiya,Tokyo, theJingūkyō administration built theTokyo Daijingu, then calledHibiya Daijingu.[8]
After theKanto Earthquake, the shrine was moved toIidabashi in 1928 and renamed toIidabashi Daijingu. AfterWorld War II, the place changed its name to Tokyo Daijingu.[9]
On September 24, 1899, the organization was reorganized as the Jingu-hosai-kai Foundation, an organization of reverends, due to the narrowing of the scope of its activities with the establishment of national Shinto and criticism of leaving the distribution ofJingu Taima, a national project, to one religious sect.[8] In accordance with theShinto Directive of January 23, 1946, theNational Association of Shinto Priests, theOffice of Japanese Classics Research, and Jingūkyō took the lead to establish theAssociation of Shinto Shrines.[10][11]
There is currently a religious organization of the same name inHyōgo PrefectureTamba Sasayama City. It is not a direct successor to the prewar Jingu-kyo, but has theIse Grand Shrine branch as its deities[12] and theAssociation of Shinto Shrines and is headed by Harufumi Hioki, the chief priest ofIkuta Shrine, aBeppyo Shrine, and is not unrelated toIse Grand Shrine or the Shinto Shrines Agency.