James Ferguson Conant (born June 10, 1958) is an American philosopher at theUniversity of Chicago who has written extensively on topics inphilosophy of language,ethics, andmetaphilosophy. He is perhaps best known for his writings onWittgenstein, and his association with theNew Wittgenstein school of Wittgenstein interpretation initiated byCora Diamond.^[1]

Conant was born inKyoto, Japan, to American parents. He is the grandson of former Harvard University presidentJames Bryant Conant. At 14, he attendedPhillips Exeter Academy. He received his B.A. in Philosophy and History of Science fromHarvard College in 1982, and his Ph.D. in Philosophy fromHarvard University in 1990. He joined the philosophy faculty at theUniversity of Pittsburgh from 1990-1999, and then became Professor of Philosophy at theUniversity of Chicago. In December, 2012, he became co-director of the Center for Analytic German Idealism^[2] at Leipzig University, and in July, 2017 he was appointed Humboldt Professor of Philosophy^[3] at Leipzig University. He remains as an adjunct professor at Leipzig.^[4]

Since the mid 1990s Conant, together withCora Diamond has advanced a “resolute reading” of Wittgenstein's early work which seeks to expose neglected underlying continuities between the philosopher's early and later approaches to philosophy, especially between his earlyTractatus Logico-Philosophicus and his laterPhilosophical Investigations. Conant has contributed to other areas in the history of analytic philosophy, writing particularly about the work ofGottlob Frege, ofRudolf Carnap, as well as about the relation between the views of both of these figures and those of Wittgenstein. A related theme running throughout Conant's work is the relation between the ideas ofImmanuel Kant, and the Kantian tradition more broadly, and the analytic tradition.^[5]

A recurring topic throughout Conant’s work is also that of philosophicalskepticism. In this connection, he has drawn a distinction between two varieties of skepticism, which he calls “Cartesian skepticism” and “Kantian skepticism” respectively.^[6][7]

In 2020,Harvard University Press published the 1100-page volumeThe Logical Alien: Conant and His Critics, edited by Sofia Miguens.^[8] The volume gathers Conant’s 1991 articleThe Search for Logically Alien Thought with reflections on it by eight philosophers: Jocelyn Benoist,Matthew Boyle, Martin Gustafsson, Arata Hamawaki,Adrian Moore,Barry Stroud, Peter Sullivan, and Charles Travis — followed by Conant’s responses to them.

In 2016, Conant was one of three academics from abroad selected to receive Germany’s top international research award, the Alexander von Humboldt Professorship Research Prize.^[9]

In 2012 James Conant received the Humboldt Foundation Anneliese Maier Research Award, a five-year award to promote the internationalisation of the humanities and social sciences in Germany.
In summer 2011, the Institute of Philosophy of theUniversity of Porto in Portugal hosted a conference titledThe Logical Alien at 20, dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the publication of James Conant's paper "The Search for Logically Alien Thought".

• Hilary Putnam: Realism with a Human Face (editor), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990.
• "The Search for Logically Alien Thought: Descartes, Kant, Frege and the Tractatus" inThe Philosophy of Hilary Putnam,Philosophical Topics, Vol. 20, No. 1 (1991), pp. 115–180.
• Hilary Putnam: Words and Life (editor), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1994.
• Thomas Kuhn: The Road Since Structure (co-editor with John Haugeland), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 2000.
• Pragmatism and Realism (co-editor), Routledge, London, 2002.
• "The Method of the Tractatus", inFrom Frege to Wittgenstein: Perspectives on Early Analytic Philosophy, edited by Erich H. Reck, Oxford University Press, 2002.
• Rileggere Wittgenstein (co-author with Cora Diamond), with a Foreword by Piergiorgio Donatelli and an Afterword by Silver Bronzo, Carocci, Rome, 2010.
• Orwell ou le Pouvoir de la Verite (Agone, 2011).
• Friedrich Nietzsche: Perfektionismus & Perspektivismus tr. by Joachim Schulte, Konstanz University Press, 2014.
• Varieties of Skepticism: Essays after Kant, Wittgenstein, and Cavell (co-edited with Andrea Kern), Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2014.
• The Norton Anthology of Western Philosophy: After Kant, WW Norton & Co, 2017.
• The Logical Alien: Conant and his Critics, Harvard University Press, 2020.

• American philosophy
• List of American philosophers

• James Conant's Curriculum Vitae
• James Conant's webpage at The University of Chicago Department of Philosophy website
• Forschungskolleg Analytic German Idealism (FAGI)
• James Conant's webpage at the Forschungskolleg Analytic German Idealism.
• Chicago Center for German Philosophy (CCGP)

• Wittgensteinian philosophers
• American philosophers of language
• 1958 births
• Living people
• Phillips Exeter Academy alumni
• Harvard College alumni
• University of Chicago faculty
• 20th-century American philosophers
• 21st-century American philosophers

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