Jambyn Batmönkh | |
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| Жамбын Батмөнх | |
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| General Secretary of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party | |
| In office 24 August 1984 – 14 March 1990 | |
| Preceded by | Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal |
| Succeeded by | Gombojavyn Ochirbat |
| Chairman of the Presidium of the State Great Khural | |
| In office 12 December 1984 – 21 March 1990 | |
| Preceded by | Nyamyn Jagvaral (acting) |
| Succeeded by | Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat (President) |
| 12thPrime Minister of Mongolia | |
| In office 11 June 1974 – 12 December 1984 | |
| Preceded by | Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal |
| Succeeded by | Dumaagiin Sodnom |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1926-03-10)10 March 1926 Khyargas, Uvs,Mongolia |
| Died | 14 May 1997(1997-05-14) (aged 71) Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia |
| Political party | Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party(1948–1990) |
| Spouse | Avirmediin Daariimaa |
Jambyn Batmönkh (Mongolian:Жамбын Батмөнх,[d͡ʒɑmˈbiːŋˈbɑtʰmɵnx]; 10 March 1926 – 14 May 1997) was a half-Mongoliancommunist political leader and economics professor. He was the leader ofMongolian People's Republic from 1984 until itstransition into democracy in 1990.
Batmönkh was born inKhyargas sum ofUvs aimag on 10 March 1926.[1] When starting primary school, he took his brother's name, Jamba, as a surname. After graduating seventh grade in his native Uvs aimag, he entered theNational University of Mongolia's two year preparatory program. From 1947 to 1951, he studied at the National University's School of Economics.
He met his future wife when they were both 16 years old. Both Batmönkh and Daariimaa were housed in the same dormitory, when they were studying in theNational University of Mongolia's School of Economics, and the Agricultural Technical College, respectively. They were married one year later. Daariimaa worked for 33 years at the National University of Mongolia Library, until 1988, when she retired.
Batmönkh became a member of the rulingMongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) in 1948. In 1951, Batmönkh started work as a professor at the Pedagogical University. In 1973, after working as a professor and director at the university for over twenty years, he was promoted to Minister of Science (Superintendent of the Department of Science Education of the Party's Central Bureau). In the spring of 1974, he was promoted to Vice Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the MPRP. In June 1974, during a Session of thePeople's Great Khural, he was further promoted to the post of Chairman of the Council of Ministers, an office analogous toPrime Minister.
In 1984, along with D. Molomjamts, Batmönkh played a key role in easing Tsedenbal's way out of power. In 1984, he became the head of state when the party's long-time leader,Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, was ousted in a party congress. Batmönkh strengthened Mongolia's alliance with theSoviet Union, but as in many other communist countries, there was much pressure for the party to give up power. He also called for the improvement of relations with China, saying during a meeting with PresidentKim Il Sung while on astate visit toPyongyang in November 1986 that "renewing the development ofSino-Mongolian relations is important for our two countries’ people's common interest".[2]
Batmönkh's reign contributed to the creation of major energy (the construction of Ulaanbaatar and Erdenet power stations, and the connection of the Central high-power electric grid with the Soviet Union's Siberian Grid) and mining (the beginning of the operations ofErdenet andBaganuur coal mines, and Bor-Ondor gypsum mine) infrastructure, together with, various other light production and food processing factories.
In late 1989, the Democratic movement garnered strength. In March 1990 the first democratic alliance, called Ardchilsan Kholboo (Mongolian Democratic Union), launched a hunger strike urging that the communist government led by Batmönkh resign.
Batmönkh decreed that the only way to end the situation was the resignation of the MPRP's Politburo, and maintained a strict policy of never using force. A book was later published with title "Never use force." After discussions with the members of the Politburo and after the Eighth Congress of the Party's Central Committee, the MPRP officially stepped down from power on 9 March 1990.
Batmönkh's widow later recounted: "It was March of 1990. Batmönkh was sitting at home, preparing for his speech to the MPRP's 8th Congress. The telephone rang, and after speaking a while he suddenly said "We few Mongolians should never make each other's noses bleed" and threw the phone away. It was not typical of him, he was a very calm person. He then said "Some leaders have come together and asked me to sign something. I'll go there and come back". He kept asking for his tie, not seeing that it was right next to him. To think about it now, he was very flustered and nervous. He went out without eating, just drinking a cup of tea at the door. I stayed at home, nervous that the protestors had clashed outside. In reality, they (others in Politburo and in authority) had asked him to sign a draft of a decree to crack down and scatter the protest outside. People who were present there later recalled that Batmönkh said "I will never sign this. We few Mongols have not yet come to the point that we will make each other's noses bleed," smacked the table, and left the room."[3]
"He had resigned by the time he came home that evening. He didn't say what happened to me in detail. He was never a person to talk much about work. He was a very calm person," his widow said.[3]
In 1990, most of his family members became unemployed after being accused of political corruption. He and his wife made bread and solddeel andgutals. From 1992 until his death, he lived in Dambadarjaa (Sukhbaatar district) while planting vegetables and fruits.
He was privately critical of the new administration (particularly ofPunsalmaagiin Ochirbat, the new president) after his retirement. He died in 1997.
Batmönkh's role in the 1990 democratic movement was dramatized in the 2016 Mongolian film "Don't Forget" ("Бүү март").
| Party political offices | ||
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| Preceded by | General Secretary of the Mongolian People's Party August 24, 1984–March 14, 1990 | Succeeded by |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by | Prime Minister of Mongolia June 11, 1974–December 12, 1984 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Chairman of the Presidium of the State Great Khural December 12, 1984–March 21, 1990 | Succeeded by |
 Bogd Khanate of Mongolia(1911–1924) | |
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 Mongolian People's Republic(1924–1992) | |
 Mongolia(1992–present) | |
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| Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924) | |
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| Mongolian People's Republic (1924–1992) | |
| Mongolia (1992–present) | |
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| International | |
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| National | |
