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Jadgal people

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ethnic group in West Asia
Ethnic group
Jadgal
Nummaṛ
نماڑ
الزيغآلي
Regions with significant populations
 Pakistan100,000
 Iran25,000
Languages
Jadgali andBalochi (Makrani dialect)[1]
Religion
Islam
Related ethnic groups
Sindhis[2]

TheJaḍgāl (lit. 'Jaṭṭ-speakers';[3] also known as,Jatgal,[4]Nummaṛ oraz-Zighālī) is anIndo-Aryanethno-linguistic group which speaks theJadgali language.[5] Jadgals are present in theBalochistan region ofIran andPakistan, as well as inOman.[6]

History

[edit]
See also:Sindhis

Jadgal people are often connected with theJats of Balochistan.[7] They migrated fromSindh viaBela toPanjgur.[8][full citation needed][9][2] AnthropologistHenry Field notes the origin of the Jadgals to be in the westernIndian subcontinent; they subsequently migrated toKulanch and are still found inSindh and Balochistan.[10][11] Regardless of their origins, they are generally seen as Baloch by the society in Balochistan.[12]

When theArabs arrived in modern-daySindh and Baluchistan, they met the Jadgal at thecoast ofMakran where theArab name ofaz-Zighālī comes from.[13] In 1811, Saidi Balochis as well as Jadgal mercenary troops were killed in a battle with theWahhabis against theSultanate of Oman.[14] The modern-day Jadgals in Oman claim to be descended fromArabs, however they also accept the folk etymology of them being from Sindh, in the lowerindus valley.[15]

Demographics

[edit]

Around 100,000 Jadgals live in Pakistan according to a1998 census conducted by Pakistan.[16] In Iran, theSardarzahi ethnic group is of Jadgal origin, claiming to be from Sindh.[17] The rest of the Jadgals number around 25,000 according to a 2008 census conducted by Iran.[13] All of the Jadgals in Iran live in theSistan and Baluchistan,Hormozgan andKerman provinces.[18][19]

Language

[edit]
See also:Jadgali language andSindhi language

Jadgal people inBalochistan speakJadgali language, although they converse with strangers inBalochi.[12] Many linguists believe theLasi dialect of theLasi people may be related to Jadgali.[20] The Jadgali tongue in Oman is similar to the language ofAl Lawatia.[15]

Tribes

[edit]
  • Baryada
  • Sardarzahi
  • Bijjarzai
  • Bizenjo
  • Zehri
  • Sasoli
  • Sajdi
  • Sangur
  • Rais
  • Tambarani
  • Chanal
  • Motak
  • Mengal
  • Mir
  • Hoot
  • Manjotha
  • Zardari

References

[edit]
  1. ^Butt, Allah Rakhio (August 15, 1998).Papers on Sindhi Language & Linguistics. Institute of Sindhology, University of Sindh. p. 306.ISBN 9789694050508 – via Google Books.
  2. ^abAdamec, Ludwig W. (1976).Historical Gazetteer of Iran: Zahidan and southeastern Iran. Akad. Dr.- u. Verlag-Anst. pp. 22, 282.ISBN 978-3-201-01428-1.The Jadgals (q.v.) are a Sindi tribe, undoubtedly of Lumri origin. Originally called in as mercenaries or auxiliaries.
  3. ^Brian J. Spooner; Jim G. Shaffer; Josef Elfenbein; Moḥammad-Taqī Masʿūdīya; Siawosch Azadi (23 March 2022)."BALUCHISTAN".Brill Referenceworks. Brill.doi:10.1163/2330-4804_eiro_com_6516.
  4. ^Field, Henry (1959)."An Anthropological Reconnaissance in West Pakistan, 1955".Peabody Museum of Archaeology & Ethnology.52. Cambridge: Harvard University: 49.
  5. ^Jahani, Carina; Korn, Agnes; Gren-Eklund, Gunilla (2003).The Baloch and Their Neighbours: Ethnic and Linguistic Contact in Balochistan in Historical and Modern Times. Reichert. p. 172.ISBN 978-3-89500-366-0.
  6. ^"Pakistan Economist". October 1975.
  7. ^"Oman's Diverse Society: Northern Oman"(PDF).JE Peterson.
  8. ^Illustrated Weekly of Pakistan. Pakistan Herald Publications. 1964. p. 30.Jadgals who migrated from Sind via Bela to Panjgur.
  9. ^Spooner, Brian (1969)."Politics, Kinship, and Ecology in Southeast Persia".Ethnology.8 (2). University of Pittsburgh:139–152.doi:10.2307/3772976.ISSN 0014-1828.JSTOR 3772976.The Jadgāl claim to have immigrated from Sind some ten generations ago.
  10. ^Field, Henry (1970).Contributions to the Physical Anthropology of the Peoples of India. University of Michigan. p. 197.Since they appear to be a purely Indian people, it is presumed that they migrated westward. Although the name Jadgals is now confined to Kulanch, the influential Rais-Baluch are connected with them.
  11. ^Field, Henry (1970).Contributions to the Physical Anthropology of the Peoples of India. Field Research Projects. p. 197.
  12. ^abSpooner, Brian (1975)."Nomadism in Baluchistan". In Leshnik, Lawrence S.; Sontheime, Günther-Dietz (eds.).Pastoralists and Nomads in South Asia. Wiesbaden, Germany:O. Harrassowitz. pp. 171–182.ISBN 3-447-01552-7.
  13. ^abBarjasteh Delforooz, Behrooz (August 15, 2008)."A sociolinguistic survey among the Jadgal in Iranian Balochistan".The Baloch and Others: Linguistic, Historical and Socio-Political Perspectives in Pluralism in Balochistan (Conference). Wiesbaden: Reichert:23–43.ISBN 978-3-89500-591-6 – via uu.diva-portal.org.
  14. ^Mirzai, Behnaz A. (16 May 2017).A History of Slavery and Emancipation in Iran, 1800–1929 (1st ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press.ISBN 9781477311868.
  15. ^abBarth, Fredrik (1983).Sohar, culture and society in an Omani town. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 40–41.ISBN 9780801828409.
  16. ^"ScholarlyCommons :: Home".repository.upenn.edu. Retrieved2023-06-30.
  17. ^Breseeg, Taj Mohammad (2004).Baloch Nationalism: Its Origin and Development. Royal Book Company. p. 106.ISBN 978-969-407-309-5.
  18. ^Jahani, Carina (2014)."The Baloch as an Ethnic Group in the Persian Gulf Region".The Persian Gulf in Modern Times. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 267–297.doi:10.1057/9781137485779_11.ISBN 978-1-349-50380-3.
  19. ^"Documentation of the Jadgali language | Endangered Languages Archive".www.elararchive.org. Retrieved2024-03-11.
  20. ^"Glottolog 4.7 - Lasi-Jadgali".glottolog.org. Retrieved2023-06-30.
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