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| Formerly | Lansing Sound |
|---|---|
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Industry | Audio |
| Founded | 1946; 79 years ago (1946) |
| Founder | James Bullough Lansing |
| Headquarters | Los Angeles, California, United States |
| Products | Amplifiers,loudspeakers,headphones |
| Parent | Harman International Industries |
| Website | jbl |
JBL is an Americanaudio equipment manufacturer headquartered inLos Angeles, California.[1] The company was founded in 1946 byJames Bullough Lansing, an American audio engineer and loudspeaker designer. JBL currently serves the home and professional audio markets. Their professional products includelive PA systems,studio monitors, andloudspeakers for cinema. Their home products includehome audio speakers, waterproofBluetooth speakers, and high-endcar audio. JBL is owned byHarman International, a subsidiary ofSamsung Electronics.
James Bullough Lansing and his business partner Ken Decker started a company in 1927 in Los Angeles, manufacturing six-and-eight-inch (150 and 200 mm)speaker drivers for radio consoles and radio sets. The firm was namedLansing Manufacturing Company, from March 1, 1927.[2]
In 1933, head of theMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) sound department,Douglas Shearer, dissatisfied with the loudspeakers ofWestern Electric andRCA, decided to develop his own.John Hilliard, Robert Stephens, and John F. Blackburn were part of the team that developed theShearer Horn, with Lansing Manufacturing producing the 285compression driver and the 15XSbass driver. The Shearer Horn gave the desired improvements and Western Electric and RCA received the contracts to each build 75 units. Western Electric named themDiaphonics, and RCA used them in theirRCA Photophones. Lansing Manufacturing was the only firm selling them as Shearer Horns. In 1936, the Shearer Horn received theAcademy Scientific and Technical Award from theAcademy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
Based on the experience developed with the Shearer Horn, Lansing produced the Iconic System loudspeaker for cinemas. The Iconic was atwo-way speaker using a 15-inch (380 mm)woofer for the low frequencies and a compression driver for the highs.
In 1939, Decker was killed in an airplane crash. The company soon began having financial troubles. In 1941, Lansing Manufacturing Company was bought by Altec Service Corporation, after which the name changed to "Altec Lansing." After Lansing's contract expired in 1946, he left Altec Lansing and founded Lansing Sound, which later changed to "James B. Lansing Sound" and was further shortened to "JBL Sound."
In 1946, JBL produced their first products, the model D101 15-inch loudspeaker and the model D175 high-frequency driver. The D175 remained in the JBL catalog through the 1970s. Both of these were near-copies of Altec Lansing products. The first original product was the D130, a 15-inch transducer for which a variant remained in production for the next 55 years. The D130 featured a 4-inch (100 mm) flat ribbon wirevoice coil andAlnico V magnet. Two other products were the 12-inch (300 mm) D131 and the 8-inch (200 mm) D208 cone drivers.
TheMarquardt Corporation gave the company early manufacturing space and a modest investment. William H. Thomas, the treasurer of Marquardt Corporation, represented Marquardt on Lansing's board of directors. In 1948, Marquardt took over the operation of JBL. In 1949, Marquardt was purchased by General Tire Company. The new company, not interested in the loudspeaker business, severed ties with Lansing. Lansing was reincorporated as James B. Lansing and moved the newly formed company to its first private location, on 2439 Fletcher Drive, Los Angeles.
A key to JBL's early development was Lansing's close business relationship with its primary supplier of Alnico V magnetic material, Robert Arnold of Arnold Engineering. Arnold saw JBL as an opportunity to sell Alnico V magnetic materials into a new market.
Lansing was noted as an innovative engineer but a poor businessman. Decker, his business partner, had died in 1939 in an airplane crash. In the late 1940s, Lansing struggled to pay invoices and ship products. Possibly as a result of deteriorating business conditions and personal issues, he committed suicide on September 4, 1949. The company then passed into the hands of Bill Thomas, JBL's vice president. Lansing had taken out aUS$10,000 life insurance policy, naming the company as the beneficiary, a decision that allowed Thomas to continue the company after Lansing's death. Soon after, Thomas purchased Mrs. Lansing's one-third interest in the company and became the sole owner. Thomas is credited with revitalizing the company and spearheading a period of strong growth for the two decades following the founding of JBL.[3]
Early products included the model 375 high-frequency driver and the 075 ultra-high frequency (UHF) ring-radiator driver. The ring-radiator drivers are also known as "JBL bullets" because of their distinctive shape. The 375 was a re-invention of the Western Electric 594 driver but with an Alnico V magnet and a four-inch voice coil. The 375 shared the same basic magnet structure as the D-130 woofer. JBL engineers Ed May andBart N. Locanthi created these designs.[4]
Two products from that era, the Hartsfield and theParagon, continue to be highly desired on the collectors' market.
In 1955, the brand name JBL was introduced to resolve ongoing disputes with Altec Lansing Corporation. The company name, "James B. Lansing Sound, Incorporated," was retained, but the logo name was changed to JBL with its distinctive exclamation point.[5]
The JBL 4320[6] series studio monitor was introduced through Capitol Records in Hollywood and became the standard monitor worldwide for its parent company, EMI. JBL's introduction to rock and roll music came via the adoption of the D130 loudspeaker byLeo Fender's Fender Guitar Company as the ideal driver forelectric guitars.
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In 1969, Thomas sold JBL to theJervis Corporation (later renamed "Harman International"), headed bySidney Harman. The 1970s saw JBL become a household brand, starting with the famous L-100, which was the bestselling loudspeaker model of any company at that time. The 1970s were also a time of major JBL expansion in the professional audio field from theirstudio monitors. By 1977, more recording studios were using JBL monitors than all other brands combined, according to aBillboard survey.[6][7] The JBL L-100 and 4310 control monitors were popular home speakers. In the late 1970s, the new L-series designs L15, L26, L46, L56, L86, L96, L112, L150, and later the L150A and flagship L250 were introduced with improved crossovers, ceramic magnet woofers, updated midrange drivers, and aluminum-deposition phenolic resin tweeters. In the mid-1980s, the designs were again updated and redesigned with a new titanium-deposition tweeter diaphragm. The new L-series designations being the L20T, L40T, L60T, L80T, L100T, the Ti-series 18Ti, 120Ti, 240Ti, and the flagship 250Ti. To test speaker drivers, JBL in Glendale and Northridge used the roof as an outdoor equivalent to ananechoic chamber.[8]
Over the next two decades, JBL went more mass-market with their consumer (Northridge) line of loudspeakers. At the same time, they made an entry into the high-end market with their project speakers, consisting of the Everest and K2 lines. JBL became a prominent supplier to the tour sound industry, their loudspeakers being employed by touring rock acts and music festivals. JBL products were the basis for the development ofTHX loudspeaker standard, which resulted in JBL becoming a popular cinema loudspeaker manufacturer.
JBL are currently fitted to vehicle manufacturers such asFiat,[9]Kia[10] andToyota.[11]
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