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Jędrzejów | |
|---|---|
 Main square | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Jędrzejów | |
| Coordinates:50°38′N20°18′E / 50.633°N 20.300°E /50.633; 20.300 | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | Świętokrzyskie |
| County | Jędrzejów |
| Gmina | Jędrzejów |
| Established | 7th-8th century |
| First mentioned | 1153 |
| Town rights | 1271 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Marcin Piszczek (PiS) |
| Area | |
• Total | 11.37 km2 (4.39 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 16,139 |
| • Density | 1,400/km2 (3,700/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 28-300 |
| Area code | +48 41 |
| Car plates | TJE |
| Highways |  |
| National roads |  |
| Website | http://www.umjedrzejow.pl/ |
Jędrzejów (Polish:[jɛnˈdʐɛjuf]ⓘ;Yiddish:יענדזשעוו,romanized: Yendzshev,Latin:Andreiow) is a town in southernPoland, located in theŚwiętokrzyskie Voivodeship, about 35 kilometres (22 miles) southwest ofKielce. It is the capital ofJędrzejów County. It has 16,139 inhabitants (2011). The origin of the name of the town is unknown. Probably it was named after a man named Andrzej (Jędrzej), a member of the noble Lis family, which resided in this area.
The town lies in historic province ofLesser Poland, 38 kilometres (24 miles) fromKielce, and 78 km (48 mi) fromKraków. Jędrzejów is located inLesser Poland Upland, on two local rivers, the Jasionka and the Brzeznica. The area is hilly, with highest point being a hill called Gaj (301 metres (988 feet)above sea level). On December 31, 2010, the area of the town was 11.37 km2 (4.39 sq mi), and population density 1419 per km2.
Jędrzejów lies next toEuropean route E77, as well as National Road nr. 78 (Chałupki – Chmielnik), and two local roads, the 728th and the 768th. The town also lies on an important rail route fromKraków toLublin andWarsaw. Close to Jędrzejów train station (Dworzec PKP) is a historic narrow-gauge station where a 750mm-gauge line (Świętokrzyska Kolej Dojazdowa) runs toPińczów (part of a once extensive network ofnarrow-gauge railways in the region). There used to be an interchange with the standard-gauge line, and there are still remains of a turning triangle in the yards of both stations.
In the early years of theKingdom of Poland, a settlement of Brzeznica existed in the location of Jędrzejów. It was first mentioned in the year 1153, in a document issued byArchbishop of Gniezno, Janik. In the document, foundation of aCistercian monastery known today as the BlessedWincenty Kadłubek Church. The monastery was founded by French Cistercians, who came to Jędrzejów fromMorimond Abbey between 1143 and 1153. The location of the monastery, which was the village of Brzeznica, was spelled Brysinch. In the 12th century, the name of the village was changed into Jędrzejów, but one of the local rivers still bears the name Brzeznica.
In 1166, a council of thePiast dynasty dukes and bishops was organized at Jędrzejów, to honor the blessing of the parish church of SaintAdalbert of Prague, which had been remodelled by the Cistercians. In a document mentioning this event, the namesAndrzeiow, Andreiow andAndreow appear. Jędrzejów was located on the boundary between two provinces ofLesser Poland –Land of Kraków andLand of Sandomierz. The boundary was marked by theNida river. In 1195, during the medieval so calledFragmentation of Poland (seeHistory of Poland during the Piast dynasty), a battle between two dukes -Leszek the White of Kraków and Sandomierz andMieszko the Old of Poznań took place here.
In 1218, BishopWincenty Kadłubek resigned from his post and settled in the Jędrzejów Monastery, where he died in 1223. In the course of the time, pilgrims began to visit his tomb, among those who prayed here, was KingJohn III Sobieski on the way to theBattle of Vienna.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1921 | 11,732 | — |
| 1931 | 12,853 | +9.6% |
| 1939 | 14,600 | +13.6% |
| 1950 | 11,039 | −24.4% |
| 1960 | 12,580 | +14.0% |
| 2010 | 16,139 | +28.3% |
| Source:[1][2][3] | ||
The village was grantedMagdeburg rights on February 16, 1271, by DukeBolesław V the Chaste. The town charter was confirmed by several Polish kings, includingSigismund I the Old, who in 1510 allowed for weeklyfairs and three markets a year. Jędrzejów prospered, with a town hall and other public buildings constructed here in the 15th and 16th century, during thePolish Golden Age. In 1581, the town had 77 artisans, including 20 shoemakers, 10 bakers and 5 butchers. Jędrzejów traded with the city ofKraków, where it sold local products, such as bee wax, honey and tar. In January 1576, supporters ofStephen Báthory called a council at Jędrzejów, as the town was an important administrative centers, wheresejmiks took place. Jędrzejów was captured, looted and destroyed by Swedish army of KingCharles XII, during theGreat Northern War. Furthermore, in the mid-18th century, large parts of the monastery burned down, to be rebuilt inBaroque style. In the 1790s, during theKościuszko Uprising,Tadeusz Kościuszko stationed here before theBattle of Szczekociny, meetingJózef Poniatowski (June 27, 1794). Following theThird Partition of Poland (1795), Jędrzejów was annexed byAustria and included within the newly formed province ofWest Galicia. Following theAustro-Polish War of 1809 it was regained by Poles and included within the short-livedDuchy of Warsaw, and after its dissolution, from 1815 to 1915 it was part ofRussian-controlledCongress Poland.
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In 1819, the abbey was closed, but monks dwelled in the complex until 1855, when last Cistercian monk, Wilhelm Ulawski, died. In 1858, Franciscans moved in, but Russians kicked them out in 1870, opening a teachers college in the monastery. The Cistercians did not return until 1945. Residents of Jędrzejów actively supportedNovember Uprising, in the cellars of the monastery a Polish military hospital was opened, with 400 beds. The area of the town was one of centers of theJanuary Uprising, with more than 30 battles and skirmishes with the Russians taking place here. In 1867 Jędrzejów became the seat of a county, but in 1870 Russian government stripped it of the town charter, turning Jędrzejów into a village (which it remained until 1916).
On March 3, 1915, Jędrzejów was visited byJózef Piłsudski, and this event is commemorated by a marble tablet. FollowingWorld War I, Poland regained independence and control of the town. Within theSecond Polish Republic, the town belonged toKielce Voivodeship.
During the German-Sovietinvasion of Poland, which startedWorld War II in September 1939, Jędrzejów was not destroyed. The town fell underGerman occupation, however, thePolish resistance movement was active in the town. Jędrzejów was an important center of theHome Army (see alsoRepublic of Pińczów). The undergroundUniversity of the Western Lands gave secret lectures.[4] The secretPolish Council to Aid Jews "Żegota", established by the Polish resistance operated in the town.[5] From November 1942 to March 1943, the Germans operated aforced labour camp forJews in the town.[6] The local Jewish minority was murdered by the Germans in theHolocaust. In 1943, the Polish resistance successfully assassinatedHelmut Kapp, commander of the localGestapo unit.Red Army units entered the town on January 14, 1945, and afterwards it was restored to Poland.
Jędrzejów is a local center of services and cement industry. The town also has abrewery, whose traditions date back to the late 18th century. Jędrzejów is known for itsPrzypkowscy Clock Museum, opened in 1962, which has the world's third largest collection of sundials behind theAdler Planetarium inChicago and theHistory of Science Museum inOxford. It has one hotel which doubles as a student accommodation. The town has two historic churches, with parish church of Wincenty Kadłubek dating back to the 12th century. The monastery was founded by the Gryfita family in the mid-12th century. It was rebuilt several times – in 1166, in the mid-15th century, and in the late 18th century. South of Jędrzejów, there is a 100 metres tall lattice tower used for radio relay links. There is also a narrow-gauge railway which runs to Pińczów during the summer.
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