Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Italian submarineAradam

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Italian submarine
RIN Aradam
History
Kingdom of Italy
NameAradam
NamesakeAmba Aradam
BuilderCRDA,Monfalcone
Laid down14 February 1936
Launched18 October 1936
Commissioned16 January 1937
Fate
General characteristics
Class and type600-Serie Adua-classsubmarine
Displacement
  • 680 long tons (691 t) surfaced
  • 844 long tons (858 t) submerged
Length60.18 m (197 ft 5 in)
Beam6.45 m (21 ft 2 in)
Draught4.6 m (15 ft 1 in)
Propulsion
Speed
  • 14knots (26 km/h; 16 mph) surfaced
  • 7.5knots (13.9 km/h; 8.6 mph) submerged
Range
  • 3,180 nmi (5,890 km) at 10.5 kn (19.4 km/h) surfaced
  • 74 nmi (137 km) at 4 kn (7.4 km/h) submerged
  • 7.5 nmi (13.9 km) at 7.5 kn (13.9 km/h) submerged
Test depth80 m (260 ft)
Complement44 (4 officers, 40 non-officers and sailors)
Armament

Italian submarineAradam was anAdua-classsubmarine built in the 1930s, serving in theRegia Marina duringWorld War II. She was named after theAmba Aradam mountain inEthiopia.

Design and description

[edit]

TheAdua-class submarines were essentially repeats of the precedingPerla class. Theydisplaced 680 long tons (690 t) surfaced and 844 long tons (858 t) submerged. The submarines were 60.18 meters (197 ft 5 in) long, had abeam of 6.45 meters (21 ft 2 in) and adraft of 4.7 meters (15 ft 5 in).[1]

For surface running, the boats were powered by two 600-brake-horsepower (447 kW)diesel engines, each driving onepropeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a 400-horsepower (298 kW)electric motor. They could reach 14knots (26 km/h; 16 mph) on the surface and 7.5 knots (13.9 km/h; 8.6 mph) underwater. On the surface, theAdua class had a range of 3,180nautical miles (5,890 km; 3,660 mi) at 10.5 knots (19.4 km/h; 12.1 mph), submerged, they had a range of 74 nmi (137 km; 85 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph).[2]

The boats were armed with six internal 53.3 cm (21.0 in)torpedo tubes, four in the bow and two in the stern. They were also armed with one100 mm (4 in)deck gun for combat on the surface. The light anti-aircraft armament consisted of one or two pairs of13.2 mm (0.52 in) machine guns.[1]

Construction and career

[edit]

Aradam was built at theCRDA shipyard, inMonfalcone. She was laid down on 14 February 1936, launched on 18 October of the same year, and commissioned on 16 January 1937. On March 6, 1937, she was assigned to 23rd Submarine Squadron inNaples.[3] During the next three yearsAradam conducted several training missions betweenTobruk,Benghazi and theDodecanese.[3]

At the time of Italy's entrance into World War II, she was assigned to the 71st Squadron (VII Submarine Group) based inCagliari. Her commander at the time was captain Giuseppe Bianchini. On June 10, 1940, she was sent to patrol an area betweenSardinia and the island ofLa Galite. She returned to the base on June 14 without encountering any enemies.[3]

Her second war mission was to attack a French convoy for North Africa in theGulf of Lion. On June 21 she observed an increased aircraft activity in the area, which indicated an approaching convoy. On June 23 at 3:12Aradam sighted a fast moving ship in the position42°40′N4°25′E / 42.667°N 4.417°E /42.667; 4.417, and unsuccessfully attacked her.[3]

In July and August 1940,Aradam carried out two missions offGibraltar.

In October 1940, she was sent to patrol offLa Galite first and then transferred to the area about 60 miles north of Cap de Fer. Then when patrolling 45 miles west ofLa Galite, On October 27, 1940, she sighted a destroyer and had to dive and move away.

In the afternoon of November 9, 1940Aradam leftCagliari and to patrol offLa Galite along with four other submarines (includingAlagi andAxum) as a screen to British Operation "Coat". She returned from this mission without any sightings.

On November 14, 1940, she returned to the sea (together withDiaspro andAlagi) to screen British Operation "White" (transfer of 14 aircraft to Malta from Force-H aircraft carrier).

In January 1941, patrolled 40 miles east of the island ofLa Galite. In the afternoon of January 9 she detected a ship conducting anti-submarine activity in the area, and moved away.

In April 1941 she patrolled offCyrenaica andEgypt.

Between the end of July and the beginning of August,Aradam was sent with three other submarines to an area southwest ofSardinia to screen British Operation "Style", but she failed to see any enemy ships.

In September 1941, during British Operation "Halberd" she was deployed together with three other submarines in a defensive ambush to the east ofBalearic Islands but British ships did not pass in this area.Aradam then moved further south and in fact on 29 September 1941, sighted a formation of British ships, but she failed to get involved.[4]

In October 1941, she again was on mission sixty miles east of the island ofLa Galite.

In November 1941, she operated 45 miles northeast ofTunis.

In December 1941, she was deployed offLa Galite again.

In January 1942 she was patrolling south ofMalta

In February 1942, she patrolled offAlgeria, detecting the noises of enemy ships (on February 10), but was unable to locate the convoy.

In March 1942, she patrolled off Cape Bougaroun.

On April 6, 1942, at 03:12Aradam (under command of captain Oscar Gran), sailing east ofKélibia, sighted a large ship, later identified asHMS Havock, navigating westward in the direction ofCape Bon, and launched a torpedo at 03:17 from about 500 meters in the position36°47′N11°05′E / 36.783°N 11.083°E /36.783; 11.083.[3]

The seriously damaged destroyer, tried to go towards the coast, but a detonation of her ammunition depot broke her in two, whileAradam observed the events.[5]

According to other sources,HMS Havock stopped at 4:15 in the position36°48′N11°08′E / 36.800°N 11.133°E /36.800; 11.133, perhaps to avoid the torpedo and was not hit, but was demolished by her crew once they realized the destroyer had run aground and could not be dislodged. According to a third version,Aradam torpedoed and destroyedHMS Havock's wreck.[6]

In May 1942 she operated north ofCape Blanc.

In mid-June 1942Aradam was sent together with four other submarines, includingAscianghi andDessiè to patrol offCape Blanc and later betweenMalta,Pantelleria andLampedusa in an attempt to intercept British convoy as part of the Operation "Harpoon". However, the submarine did not sight any enemy ships.

On November 8, 1942Operation Torch was launched: more than 500 British and American vessels escorted by 350 warships began landing 107,000 troops on the coasts ofAlgeria andMorocco, thus opening the second front inNorth Africa. Together with many other Italian and German submarinesAradam was immediately dispatched to the southernMediterranean. On November 16, 1942Aradam (under command of Carlo Forni) at night entered the Bay of Bona and found a convoy of three transport with three escorts. She fired two torpedoes, but missed. Then at 5:06 she launched two more torpedoes but missed again.Aradam then shelled the ships with her deck gun hitting and slightly damaging one of the transports before diving to evade the escorts.[7][3]

From December 1942 through February 1943 she went on several missions patrolling offCyrenaica.

In March 1943Aradam patrolled in theGulf of Sirte.

In May 1943, she patrolled west of Sardinia.

On April 10, 1943, she was atLa Maddalena when the base was bombed by 84 USB 24 Liberator aircraft who sunk smaller boats and heavy cruiserTrieste, butAradam was not hit but had two crew members wounded.

AfterItaly signedArmistice of Cassibile surrendering toAllies the submarine was undergoing maintenance inGenoa.Aradam was also being converted to an SLC boat. Since she could not leave, her crew scuttled her to avoid capture.[3]

Aradam was refloated by the Germans but repairs were never finished. On September 4, 1944, she was hit by bombs and sank in the port ofGenoa during an Allied air attack.[3]

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abChesneau, pp. 309–10
  2. ^Bagnasco, p. 154
  3. ^abcdefghAradam at Monfalcone Naval Museum[permanent dead link]
  4. ^Giorgerini, p. 299-300
  5. ^Giorgerini, p. 321
  6. ^Rohwer, p. 157
  7. ^Giorgerini, p. 342-343

Sources

[edit]
  • Bagnasco, Erminio (1977).Submarines of World War Two. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.ISBN 0-87021-962-6.
  • Chesneau, Roger, ed. (1980).Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press.ISBN 0-85177-146-7.
  • Rohwer, Jürgen (2005).Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.ISBN 1-59114-119-2.
  • Giorgerini, Giorgio (2002).Uomini sul fondo. Storia del sommergibilismo italiano dalle origini ad oggi (Second ed.). Mondadori.ISBN 8804505370.
  • Colombo, Lorenzo (May 25, 2024)."R.Smg. Aradam".regiamarina.net. Cristiano D'Adamo. RetrievedMay 25, 2024.Operational History
Portals:
Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in September 1944
Shipwrecks
Other incidents
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italian_submarine_Aradam&oldid=1229958940"
Categories:
Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp