Ishmael Eugine Bernal
Ishmael Bernal from the Order of National Artists (NCCA)
Born	Ishmael Bernal (1938-09-30)September 30, 1938 Manila,Philippine Commonwealth
Died	June 2, 1996(1996-06-02) (aged 57) Quezon City,Philippines
Resting place	Libingan ng mga Bayani
Occupation	Film director
Awards	Order of National Artists of the Philippines

Ishmael Bernal (September 30, 1938 – June 2, 1996) was aFilipino filmmaker, stage and television director, actor and screenwriter. Noted for hismelodramas, particularly with feminist and moral issues, he directed many landmark Filipino films such asNunal sa Tubig (1976),City After Dark (1980),Relasyon (1982),Himala (1982), andHinugot sa Langit (1985). Considered one of the greatest filmmakers in the Philippines, he was declared aNational Artist of the Philippines in 2001.

Born inManila on September 30, 1938, Bernal was the son of Elena Bernal and Pacifico Ledesma.^[1]He studied at Burgos Elementary School,Victorino Mapa High School, and at theUniversity of the Philippines where he finished his Bachelor of Arts degree in English in 1959. After graduation he worked withLamberto Avellana's documentary outfit before proceeding to France where he earned his Licentiate in French Literature and Philosophy at the University ofAix-en-Provence. He received his Diploma in Film Directing in 1970 at theFilm and Television Institute of India inPune under the Colombo plan scholarship.

Bernal participated in theU.P. Dramatic Club while finishing a college degree and was fan of classical music including opera. During the 1960s, Bernal put up the cafesWhen It's a Grey November in Your Soul inMalate andKasalo in Quezon City three decades later, which became the hang-out of students, journalists, poets, bands, theater and film artists.^[1] An active participant in the struggle for artists' rights and welfare, Bernal was also a board member of the Concerned Artists of the Philippines and the Directors Guild of the Philippines, Inc. Until his demise, he remained part of DGPI. This organization studies the role of film as an instrument of entertainment, education, and development.^[1]

Bernal directed and wrote his first film,Pagdating sa Dulo (At the Top), in 1971. In this film we catch a glimpse into what Ishmael Bernal's ouvre would prefigure for the industry: it is a scene showing an aspiring actress (played by Rita Gomez) pondering on dreams blooming in deserts of desolation and dying out in a mirage that painfully conjures images of squatter colonies and sordid lives. The bold star stares out into the landscape and scans it, with the camera acting as her surrogate, but finally framing her against the embarrassingly majestic Cultural Center of the Philippines. The scene captures it all: the decadence of the Martial Law regime, along with its perverse aspirations to art, has doomed the destinies of Filipinos. From that time on, Bernal was established as an innovative and intelligent filmmaker who would not be content with conventional formulas of local film making. Under his name is a broad range of film genres and themes: historical dramas likeEl Vibora (The Viper), and the "Bonifacio" episode in the unreleasedLahing Pilipino (The Filipino Race); sophisticated comedies likeTisoy (Mestizo),Pabling (Playboy),Working Girls I andWorking Girls II; experimental films likeNunal sa Tubig (Speck in the Water) andHimala (Miracle); and contemporary dramas exploring human psyches and social relationships, such asLigaw Na Bulaklak (Wildflower),Mister Mo, Lover Boy Ko (Your Husband, My Lover),Ikaw Ay Akin (You Are Mine),Relasyon (The Affair),Aliw (Pleasure) and the film classicManila by Night (orCity After Dark). His sturdy filmography is mainly clustered around the themes and problems that inevitably encrust the "social" as the core of personal malaise.^[1]

Bernal considered himself a feminist director and admitted that it was part of his interest to tackle issues affecting women. A significant part of his work is stories about and for women. For example,Relasyon,Hinugot sa Langit (1985), andWorking Girls. Before Bernal died in Quezon City on June 2, 1996, he was scheduled to direct a film about the life story ofLola Rosa Henson, thecomfort woman during theJapanese invasion of the Philippines.^[1]

Aside from film, Bernal also directed television shows like the long-time drama seriesAng Makulay Na Daigdig ni Nora (The Colorful World of Nora) for which he was named Outstanding Director in a Drama Series by the Patas Awards in 1979;Metro Magazine,Isip Pinoy,Dear Teacher and episodes forPETABISYON andLorna. As an actor, he played lead roles in stage plays likeKamatayan sa Isang Anyo ng Rosas (Death in the Form of a Rose) in 1991 andBacchae in 1992.^[1]

Bernal had been an activist since university, when he was a member of the Student Cultural Association of the University of the Philippines.^[2] After graduation, he became involved inKabataang Makabayan. He protestedfilm censorship^[3] and was part of the Free the Artist movement and the Concerned Artists of the Philippines.^[2]

His films, including those he directed during thedictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos, were also known for bearing feminist and social realist themes.^[4][3]

He won the Urian for best director four times forDalawang Pugad, Isang Ibon (Two Nests, One Bird), 1977;Broken Marriage, 1983;Hinugot sa Langit (Wrenched From Heaven), 1985; andPahiram ng Isang Umaga (Lend Me One Morning), 1989; and the best screenplay forCity After Dark, 1980. His filmPagdating sa Dulo, won for him the FAMAS for best screenplay award whileHimala (Miracle), 1982, garnered nine major awards in theMetro Manila Film Festival. In that same year, Bernal was chosen by the Manunuri ng Pelikulang Pilipino as the Most Outstanding Filmmaker of the Decade 1971-1980. Among the 10 best films chosen by the critics, five were his. These includePagdating sa Dulo,Nunal sa Tubig,Manila by Night,Himala andHinugot sa Langit. He was also hailed as Director of the Decade by the Catholic Mass Media Awards (CMMA).^[1]

Bernal also won the CMMA Best Director Award (1983), the Bronze Hugo Award in theChicago International Film Festival (1983) for the movieHimala. TheCultural Center of the Philippines presented him theGawadCCP Para sa Sining for film in 1990. In 1993, he received theASEAN Cultural Award in Communication Arts inBrunei Darrussalam.^[1]

HisNunal sa Tubig (A Speck in the Water),Aliw (Pleasure) andRelasyon (The Affair) was among the 25 Filipino films shown in New York from July 31 to August 1999, organized by the Film Society of Lincoln Center, in partnership with the Philippine Centennial Commission, the Cultural Center of the Philippines, IFFCOM, the Philippine Information Agency, the Consulate General of the Philippines in New York and the Philippine Centennial Coordinating Council - Northeast USA. This series of Filipino films were presented at theWalter Reade Theater of the Lincoln Center, in celebration of the 100th year of Philippine Independence.^[5]

He died on June 2, 1996, inQuezon City, Philippines of aheart attack.^[6] He was buried at Himlayang Pilipino in Quezon City but was reinterred at theLibingan ng mga Bayani on September 14, 2024, after a state funeral.^[7]

1. Brocka-Bernal: Alaala ng mga Artista ng Bayan, December 1996

• Ishmael Bernal atIMDb

• National Artists of the Philippines
• 1938 births
• 1996 deaths
• Filipino feminists
• Filipino film directors
• Filipino television directors
• Male feminists
• Mass media people from Manila
• University of the Philippines Diliman alumni

• CS1: unfit URL
• CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown
• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Use Philippine English from January 2023
• All Wikipedia articles written in Philippine English
• Use mdy dates from January 2023
• Articles with hCards