Isa-beg Ishaković | |
|---|---|
| Native name | Isa-beg Ishaković |
| Birth name | Hranić |
| Allegiance | Ottoman Empire |
| Years of service | 15th century |
| Rank | sanjak-bey (provincial governor) |
| Relations | Kosača orPavlović |
Isa-beg Ishaković (Turkish:İshakoğlu İsa Bey;fl. 1439–70) was anOttomanBosnian general and the governor of theSanjak of Bosnia for most of his career. Of Bosnian noble origin, he was recruited after being held hostage by the Ottomans. He was a provincial governor during the 1450s and 1460s, first in charge of theSanjak of Skopje, and then the Sanjak of Bosnia. He was instrumental in the Ottoman conquests in the region, and was one of the Sultan's most trusted generals.
There are two main theories about his father identity:
Isa Beg Ishaković conqueredHodidjed fortress in 1435, after it had been briefly reconquered byMatko Talovac in 1434.
Isa-Beg Ishaković was appointed assanjak-bey (provincial governor) of theSanjak of Skopje in the spring of 1439, in place of his father,Ishak-Beg, who was sent to lead military actions inSerbia.[2] He was then appointed thesanjak-bey of Bosnia, briefly in 1463, and then from 1464 to 1470.[citation needed]
As governor of the province of Bosnia, Isa-Beg assured its future prosperity. He foundedSarajevo in 1461[citation needed] in the former Bosnian province of Vrhbosna. Between then and 1463 he built the core of the city'sOld Town district, including amosque, a closed marketplace, a public bath, a hostel, and the Governor's castle (Saray), which gave the city its present name. In much the same way and year he also foundedNovi Pazar (in Serbia), rendered fromTurkish:Yeni Pazar, literally meaning "new marketplace", some eleven kilometers from the medieval settlement of Trgovište ("Trgovište" means "marketplace"). There he built a mosque, a marketplace, a public bath, a hostel, and a compound. He is also responsible for establishing a number of other cities and towns in the region.
Ishaković built many important buildings part of theOld Bazaar inSkopje, like theČifte Hammam,Kapan Han,Ishak Bey Mosque (dedicated to his fatherIshak-Beg, also known as Isaklija or Aladža), themadrasa (Islamic school) andlibrary (within Isak-Beg's Mosque, one of the first Islamic libraries in Europe),[3] and many other buildings that belonged to his endowment (waqf,Bosnian:vakuf).
Ishaković participated in ransom slavery in 1470 when he ransomed a highly positioned Ottoman official named Mustafa by releasing the wife ofCroatian nobleman Ivan Marković and paying 500 ducats toRagusanFrančesko Micalović, the agent in this transaction.[4]
AfterFranz Babinger in theEncyclopedia of Islam:[5]
| Pasha Yiğit Bey | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ishak Bey | Turahan Bey | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Isa Bey Ishaković | Ahmed Bey | Ömer Bey | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hasan Bey | Idris Bey | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
AfterAmir Isajbegovic in theKuca onih sto sade dud - Rekonstrukcija:[6]
Ta dvojenja idu u smjeru – da je riječ o bratu Stjepana Vukčića Kosače, koji ga je predao Mehmedu II kao garanciju lojalnosti. Po ovoj teoriji Isa-beg je, nakon što ga je usvojio Ishak-beg (otud prezime), konvertirao na islam, te za ondašnje prilike izgradio zavidnu vojničku i političku karijeru. Po drugima, Isak Hranić/Hranušić zarobljen je tijekom jednog upada akindžija na posjed velikaške obitelji Pavlović, inače gospodara velikog dijela Istočne Bosne, uključujući i srednjovjekovnu župu Vrhbosnu. U zarobljeništvu se dokazao kao izuzetno sposoban, što je vođu spomenutih akindžija potaknulo da mu ostavi imetak, ali i poziciju koju je obnašao. Potpuno drukčiji pristup na porijeklo Ishakovića imaju istraživanja historičarke umjetnosti Lidije Bogojević Kumbaradži iz Skoplja. Ona smatra da je rodonačelnik Ishakovića Pašajigit-beg iz Saruhana (Kapadokije), a da je Ishak-beg bio njegov sin. Zanimljivosti idu do mjere u kojoj se skopski begovi Kumbaradžije smatraju izravnim potomcima Isa-bega Ishakovića, o čemu posjeduju i autentičnu dokumentaciju. Iznad ulaza u nekadašnji bazar u Skopju, građevine koju je podigao Ishaković, stoji ploča o obnovi bazara. Natpis kazuje da su bazar obnovili begovi Kumbaradžije, nasljednici Isa-begov
To se najbolje vidi iz sadržine vijesti na osnovu koje znamo za njihovu prisutnost u Bosni 1438 godine, a još bolje iz činjenice da se u proljeće sljedeće godine ovdje pojavio novi skopski sandžakbeg Isa-beg, sin dotadašnjeg skopskog sandžaka Ishak bega koji je bio upućen na akcije u Srbiji
{{cite journal}}:Missing or empty|title= (help)Naime, dogovoreno je da Isa-beg Ivanu vrati ženu i plati dodatnih 500 dukata kako bi dobio natrag Mustafu. Živanov opunomoćenik Ratko Vukosalić je 16. septembra 1470. godine doveo u Dubrovnik Markovićevu ženu, koju je predao zajedno sa 300 dukata. Nakon toga je preuzeo Mustafu kojeg je vratio osmanskim vlastima.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)