| Inferior phrenic arteries | |
|---|---|
 | |
 Posteriorabdominal wall, after removal of theperitoneum, showingkidneys, suprarenal capsules, and great vessels | |
| Details | |
| Source | Abdominal aorta |
| Branches | Superior suprarenal artery |
| Vein | Inferior phrenic vein |
| Supplies | Thoracic diaphragm |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | arteriae phrenicae inferiores |
| TA98 | A12.2.12.002 |
| TA2 | 4206 |
| FMA | 14734 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
Theinferior phrenic artery is abilaterally paired artery of the abdominal cavity which represents the main source of arterial supply to the diaphragm. Each artery usually arises either from the coeliac trunk or the abdominal aorta, however, their origin is highly variable and the different sites of origin are different for the left artery and right artery. Thesuperior suprarenal artery is a branch of the inferior phrenic artery.
The inferior phrenic arteries vary considerably in their site of origin.[1] typically arise from either thecoeliac trunk or (the anterior aspect of[1])abdominal part of aorta (just superior to the coeliac trunk[1]); the two arteries arise either separately or as a common trunk.[2] The inferior phrenic arteries usually arise at the level corresponding to betweenT12 andL2vertebrae.[3]
The right inferior phrenic artery may less often arise from theright renal artery,left gastric artery,hepatic artery proper.[2]
The left inferior phrenic artery may less often arise from eitherrenal artery,left gastric artery, orhepatic artery proper.[2]
The artery courses beneath the posterior portion of theparietal peritoneum.[4] Each artery passes superoanteriorly and laterally to reach[2][4] and cross thecrura of diaphragm,[4] passing close to the medial border of the ipsilateral suprarenal gland.[2]
Each artery splits into a medial branch and a lateral branch near the posterior border of thecentral tendon of diaphragm.[2] Alternatively, it may terminate by trifurcating into an anterior, a middle, and a posterior branch.[4]
Left inferior phrenic artery
Theleft phrenic passes posterior theesophagus,[2] then anterior-ward upon the left side of theesophageal hiatus,[1] past the left side of theoesophageal hiatus.[2]
Right inferior phrenic artery
Theright phrenic passes posterior to theinferior vena cava. It passes past the right side of thecaval opening.[2]
The inferior phrenic arteries are the main source of arterial supply to the diaphragm.[2]
Each of the smaller vessels give asuperior suprarenal artery to the ipsilateralsupradrenal gland. Thespleen and theliver also receive a few twigs from the left and right vessels respectively.[1]
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