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Moderate realism

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(Redirected fromImmanent realism)

Concept in philosophy

Moderate realism (also calledimmanent realism) is a position in the debate on themetaphysics ofuniversals which holds that there is norealm in which universals exist (in opposition toPlatonic realism, which asserts the existence ofabstract objects), nor do they really exist withinparticularsas universals, but rather universals really exist within particularsas particularised, and multiplied.

Overview

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Moderate realism is opposed to both the theory ofPlatonic forms andnominalism. Nominalists deny the existence of universals altogether, even as particularised and multiplied within particulars. Moderate realism, however, is considered a midpoint between Platonic realism and nominalism as it holds that the universals are located in space and time although they do not have separate realms.^[1]

Aristotle espoused a form of moderate realism as didThomas Aquinas,Bonaventure, andDuns Scotus (cf.Scotist realism).^[2] Moderate realism isanti-realist aboutabstract objects, just likeconceptualism is (their difference being that conceptualism denies the mind-independence of universals, while moderate realism does not).^[3] Aristotle's position, as expounded by Aquinas, denies the existence of the realm of Forms and that the world around constitutes the only world where nothing is existing precisely according to our universal concepts.^[4]

Modern theories

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A more recent and influential version of immanent realism has been advanced byWillard Van Orman Quine, in works such as "Posits and Reality" (1955),^[5] andD. M. Armstrong, in works such as hisUniversals: An Opinionated Introduction (1989, p. 8). For Quine, any object proposed by theory is considered real, stressing that "everything to which we concede existence is a posit from the standpoint of a description of the theory-building process", considering the idea that the theory withstood rigorous testing.^[6] According to Armstrong, universals are independent of the mind, and this is critical in accounting for causation and nomic connection.^[7]

References

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^Kumar, Navin (2020).Media Psychology: Exploration and Application. New York: Taylor & Francis.ISBN 978-0-367-54233-7.
^Nominalism, Realism, Conceptualism –Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)
^Neil A. Manson, Robert W. Barnard (eds.),The Bloomsbury Companion to Metaphysics, Bloomsbury, 2014, p. 95.
^Jensen, Steven J. (2018).The Human Person. Washington, D.C.: CUA Press. p. 139.ISBN 978-0-8132-3152-5.
^"Scientific Realism and Antirealism | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy".
^McHenry, Leemon B. (2015).Event Universe: The Revisionary Metaphysics of Alfred North Whitehead. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 23.ISBN 978-1-4744-0034-3.
^Decock, Lieven; Horsten, Leon (2000).Quine: Naturalized Epistemology, Perceptual Knowledge and Ontology. Amsterdam: Rodopi. p. 209.ISBN 90-420-1241-2.

Catholic philosophy

Ethics

Schools

Medieval	Augustinianism Scholasticism Thomism Scotism Occamism
Modern	Salamanca Christian humanism Cartesianism Molinism Neo-scholasticism Analytical Thomism
Universals	Augustinian realism Nominalism Conceptualism Moderate realism Scotistic realism
Other	Theological intellectualism Theological voluntarism Foundationalism