If Not, Winter: Fragments of Sappho is a book by the Canadian classicist and poetAnne Carson, first published in 2002. It contains a translation of the surviving works of the archaic Greek poetSappho, with the Greek text on facing pages, based onEva-Maria Voigt's 1971critical edition. Carson's translation closely follows the word-order of Sappho's Greek, and markslacunae in the manuscripts with square brackets.If Not, Winter was widely praised and is considered a significant modern translation of Sappho's work.
]
]work
]face
]
]
if not, winter
]no pain
]
]I bid you sing
of Gongyla, Abanthis, taking up
your lyre as (now again) longing
floats around you,
you beauty. For her dress when you saw it
stirred you. And I rejoice.
In fact she herself once blamed me
Kyprogeneia
because I prayed
this word:
I want
If Not, Winter is a translation of the poetry ofSappho by the poet, classicist, and translatorAnne Carson, known for her works based on ancient Greek literature.[1] It was first published byAlfred A. Knopf in 2002. TheFolio Society produced an edition in 2019 illustrated byJenny Holzer. The title comes from Carson's translation of Sappho's fragment 22.[2]
If Not, Winter uses the Greek text ofEva-Maria Voigt'sSappho and Alcaeus with a few variations.[2] Along with Carson's translations, with Greek text on facing pages,[3] the book has a short introduction, notes on the translation, a "who's who" of names in Sappho's poetry, and translations of selected ancient writings about Sappho.[4]
Carson's translations and notes draw on her previous workEros the Bittersweet.[5] She attempts to follow the word order of the Greek text as closely as possible, and not to add any words which cannot be found in the surviving Greek texts of Sappho, such as personal pronouns and definite articles.[3] She uses square brackets in her translations to indicatelacunae in the original text, which she describes as "an aesthetic gesture toward the papyrological event";[6] she also makes use of white space, breaking up some fragments over multiple lines.[5]
If Not, Winter was praised by reviewers for its translations. Dimitrios Yatromanolakis described Carson's translations as being of "remarkable accuracy and subtleness".[7] Both Emily Greenwood and Meryl Altman admired the translation for its minimalism; Greenwood describing it as "elegantly plain"[5] and Altman as "spare and elegant".[8]Margaret Reynolds called the translations "subtle, beautiful, precise, moving".[9] Elizabeth Robinson described Carson's translations of Sappho's poems "small miracles of vividness".[10] The poet and translatorBruce Whiteman was more critical, saying that though Carson is "a great poet (at times) and an accomplished classicist", her translations of Sappho "sound more like trots than fully achieved poems".[11] Carson's plain language and faithfulness to the surviving Greek fragments was noted by reviewers for being distinct from her other treatments of ancient Greek fragments, such as her reworking ofStesichorus'sGeryoneis asAutobiography of Red.[12]
Some reviewers questioned how accessibleIf Not, Winter was for lay readers. Though she considered it "ideal" for readers with some familiarity with ancient Greek, Altman suggested that the book might be "frustrating" to those without.[8] However,Emily Wilson praised Carson's notes, saying that they "should enable even the Greekless reader to understand some of the most important textual problems in Sappho".[3] Writing for theLos Angeles Times, Jamie James likewise praised Carson's notes, though criticised her introduction as "the weakest part of the book", particularly Carson's discussion of Sappho's sexuality.[13]
If Not, Winter was considered a significant translation of Sappho on its publication: Yatromanolakis called it "perhaps the most significant" recent (as of 2004) English translation of Sappho.[2] Carol Moldaw judged it the first to supersedeMary Barnard's 1958Sappho: A New Translation.[14] In the 2021Cambridge Companion to Sappho, Barbara Goff and Katherine Harloe judge it "a defining translation" of the post-1980 era.[15] It has itself been translated into Spanish, published as the trilingual Greek/English/SpanishSi no, el invierno: Fragmentos de Safo.[16]