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Northwest Gbaya language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromISO 639:gya)
Savannas language spoken in Central Africa
Northwest Gbaya
Native toCameroon,Central African Republic
Native speakers
(65,000 in Cameroon cited 1980)[1]
200,000 in CAR (1996), 2,000 in Congo (1993)
Dialects
  • Kàrà
  • Làì
  • (3rd variety)
Language codes
ISO 639-3gya
Glottolognort2775

Northwest Gbaya is aGbaya language spoken across a broad expanse of Cameroon and the Central African Republic. The principal variety is Kara (Kàrà, Gbaya Kara), a name shared withseveral neighboring languages; Lay (Làì) is restricted to a small area north ofMbodomo, with a third between it andToongo that is not named in Moñino (2010), but is influenced by the Gbaya languages to the south.

For male initiation rites, the Gbaya Kara use a language calledLa'bi.

Phonology

[edit]

The following information is based on the 'Bodoe (Kàrà) and northern dialects:[2]

Consonants

[edit]
LabialAlveolarPalatalVelarLabio-
velar
Glottal
Nasalmnɲŋŋ͡m
Plosivevoicelessptkk͡pʔ
voicedbdɡɡ͡b
prenasalᵐbⁿdᵑɡᵑᵐɡ͡b
implosiveɓɗ
Fricativevoicelessfsh
voicedvz
Tap/Trill(ⱱ)r
Approximantljw
  • The labio-dental flap /ⱱ/ appears only in ideophonic adverbs within word-initial or intervocalic position.[3]

Vowels

[edit]
Oral vowels
FrontCentralBack
Closei iːu uː
Close-mide eːo oː
Open-midɛ ɛːɔ ɔː
Opena aː
  • /w/ can be heard as centralized [ẅ] when preceding front vowels /i, e, ɛ/.
Nasal vowels
FrontCentralBack
Closeĩ ĩːũ ũː
Open-midɛ̃ ɛ̃ːɔ̃ ɔ̃ː
Openã ãː
  • /w/ is heard as nasalized [w̃] when preceding nasal vowels.[3]

Writing system

[edit]

Paulette Roulon-Doko uses a uses a phonetic transcription in her works on Northwest Gbaya. The nasal vowels are noted there with the tilde under the vowel letter⟨a̰, ɛ̰, ḭ, ɔ̰, ṵ⟩.

Northwest Gbaya phonetic alphabet[4]
abɓdɗeɛfggbhikkplmmbnndngngbɲŋnmpɔprstuvʋwyzʔ

In Cameroon, an alphabet based on theGeneral Alphabet of Cameroonian Languages is used, notably in the translation of the Bible into Gbaya published by the Alliance biblique du Cameroun. The nasal vowels are noted there with the cedilla under the vowel letter⟨a̧, ɛ̧, i̧, ɔ̧, u̧⟩.

Northwest Gbaya alphabet (Cameroon)
abɓdɗeɛfggbhikkplmmbnndngngbnyŋnmpɔprstuvwyz

References

[edit]
  1. ^Northwest Gbaya atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^Roulon-Doko, Paulette (1997).Parlons Gbaya. Paris: L'Harmattan.
  3. ^abMoñino, Yves (1995).Gbaya du Nord (Kara, Yaayuwee). Le proto-Gbaya : essai de linguistique comparative historique sur vingt-et-une langes de'Afrique centrale: Paris : Peeters. p. 58.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  4. ^Roulon-Doko 2008, p. 9-10.

Works cited

[edit]
  • Roulon-Doko, Paulette (2008).Dictionnaire gbaya-français. République centrafricaine, suivi d'un dictionnaire des noms propres et d'un index français-gbaya. Paris: Karthala.ISBN 978-2-84586-976-9.
Gbaya
Zande
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Sere
Ngbaka
Mba
Ngbandi
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Major languages
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Indigenous and Immigrantlanguages
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