Northwest Gbaya | |
---|---|
Native to | Cameroon,Central African Republic |
Native speakers | (65,000 in Cameroon cited 1980)[1] 200,000 in CAR (1996), 2,000 in Congo (1993) |
Dialects |
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | gya |
Glottolog | nort2775 |
Northwest Gbaya is aGbaya language spoken across a broad expanse of Cameroon and the Central African Republic. The principal variety is Kara (Kàrà, Gbaya Kara), a name shared withseveral neighboring languages; Lay (Làì) is restricted to a small area north ofMbodomo, with a third between it andToongo that is not named in Moñino (2010), but is influenced by the Gbaya languages to the south.
For male initiation rites, the Gbaya Kara use a language calledLa'bi.
The following information is based on the 'Bodoe (Kàrà) and northern dialects:[2]
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labio- velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋ͡m | ||
Plosive | voiceless | p | t | k | k͡p | ʔ | |
voiced | b | d | ɡ | ɡ͡b | |||
prenasal | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | ᵑᵐɡ͡b | |||
implosive | ɓ | ɗ | |||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | s | h | |||
voiced | v | z | |||||
Tap/Trill | (ⱱ) | r | |||||
Approximant | l | j | w |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i iː | u uː | |
Close-mid | e eː | o oː | |
Open-mid | ɛ ɛː | ɔ ɔː | |
Open | a aː |
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | ĩ ĩː | ũ ũː | |
Open-mid | ɛ̃ ɛ̃ː | ɔ̃ ɔ̃ː | |
Open | ã ãː |
Paulette Roulon-Doko uses a uses a phonetic transcription in her works on Northwest Gbaya. The nasal vowels are noted there with the tilde under the vowel letter⟨a̰, ɛ̰, ḭ, ɔ̰, ṵ⟩.
a | b | ɓ | d | ɗ | e | ɛ | f | g | gb | h | i | k | kp | l | m | mb | n | nd | ng | ngb | ɲ | ŋ | nm | p | ɔ | p | r | s | t | u | v | ʋ | w | y | z | ʔ |
In Cameroon, an alphabet based on theGeneral Alphabet of Cameroonian Languages is used, notably in the translation of the Bible into Gbaya published by the Alliance biblique du Cameroun. The nasal vowels are noted there with the cedilla under the vowel letter⟨a̧, ɛ̧, i̧, ɔ̧, u̧⟩.
a | b | ɓ | d | ɗ | e | ɛ | f | g | gb | h | i | k | kp | l | m | mb | n | nd | ng | ngb | ny | ŋ | nm | p | ɔ | p | r | s | t | u | v | w | y | z | ’ |
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