Huningue | |
|---|---|
 Place Abbatucci | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Huningue  | |
  Huningue  Huningue | |
| Coordinates:47°35′31″N7°35′04″E / 47.5919°N 7.5844°E /47.5919; 7.5844 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Grand Est |
| Department | Haut-Rhin |
| Arrondissement | Mulhouse |
| Canton | Saint-Louis |
| Intercommunality | Saint-Louis Agglomération |
| Government | |
| • Mayor(2020–2026) | Jean-Marc Deichtmann[1] |
Area 1 | 2.86 km2 (1.10 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[2] | 7,410 |
| • Density | 2,600/km2 (6,700/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 68149 /68330 |
| Dialling codes | 0389 |
| Elevation | 242–259 m (794–850 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
Huningue (French pronunciation:[ynɛ̃ɡ]ⓘ;German:Hüningen;Alsatian:Hinige) is acommune in theHaut-Rhindepartment ofFrance. Huningue is a northern suburb of the Swiss city ofBasel.[a] It also borders Germany (Weil am Rhein, a suburb of Basel located inGermany). The main square of the town is thePlace Abbatucci, named after the Corsican-born French generalJean Charles Abbatucci who unsuccessfully defended it in 1796 against the Austrians and died here. Huningue is noted for itspisciculture and is a major producer of fish eggs.
Huningue was first mentioned in a document in 826. Huningue was wrested from theHoly Roman Empire by the duke ofLauenburg in 1634 by theTreaty of Westphalia, and subsequently passed by purchase toLouis XIV.[3] Louis XIV taskedVauban with the construction ofHuningue Fortress, built byTarade from 1679 to 1681 together with a bridge across the Rhine.[4] Construction of the fortress required the displacement of the population on the island of Aoust and the surrounding area.
The fortress became embroiled in theSalmon War of 1736/37. This was mainly concerned with a dispute over fishing rights between Huningue andKleinhüningen, but actually involved land required for the construction of a bridgehead on the right bank of the Rhine.
In 1796 to 1797, Huningue was besieged by the Austrians.[5] During the siege the French Commander,General Abbatucci was killed on 1 December 1796 while commanding a sortie, the fort held out for a further month, surrendering on 5 February 1797. The fortress was besieged from 22 December 1813 until 14 April 1814 by Bavarian troops under the command of GeneralZoller before the French garrison surrendered.[6] Huningue was besieged for the third time in 1815 andGeneral Barbanègre headed a garrison of only 500 men against 25,000 Austrians.[5] On the 28 June shortly after word ofNapoleon's abdication became known, and the French Provisional Government had requested a ceasefire, Barbanègre ordered the bombardment of Basel something that contemporaries on theSeventh Coalition side considered to be a war crime.[7] At its surrender to the Habsburg Empire on 26 August 1815, the city was a ruin and the fortifications were demolished under the terms ofArticle III of theTreaty of Paris (1815) at the request of Basel.[8]
The building of theHuningue channel in 1828 made the area more navigable (the entire channel system was completed in 1834);[9] it provided water to the Rhone-Rhine canal. The Huningue canal is a feeder arm of thisRhone–Rhine Canal; it enters the river opposite the main dock basins.[10] Only about a kilometre of the canal is still navigable, leading to the town ofKembs.[11]
In 1871, the town passed, withAlsace-Lorraine, to theGerman Empire.[12] Alsace-Lorraine returned toFrance after theFirst World War. It was evacuated in 1939, retaken byGermany in 1940 with some 60% of the town destroyed during World War II, and finally returned to France once again in 1945. In 2007, a bridge over the Rhine, linking Huningue withWeil am Rhein, Germany was built.
Huningue is situated on the left bank of theRhine, and is an ancient place which grew up around a stronghold placed to guard the passage of the river.[3] It is a northern suburb ofBasel.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1968 | 5,769 | — |
| 1975 | 6,576 | +1.89% |
| 1982 | 6,679 | +0.22% |
| 1990 | 6,252 | −0.82% |
| 1999 | 6,097 | −0.28% |
| 2007 | 6,376 | +0.56% |
| 2012 | 6,884 | +1.54% |
| 2017 | 7,238 | +1.01% |
| Source: INSEE[13] | ||
Huningue is noted for itspisciculture and is a major producer of fish eggs.[14][15] Several chemical, plastics and pharmaceuticalcompanies have factories in Huningue, mainly Swiss firms such asNovartis,Ciba,Clariant,Hoffmann-La Roche,Weleda etc.The Rhine port is managed by the Chamber of Commerce and the industry ofMulhouse, which lies to the northwest of Huningue.
Public transportation in Huningue is provided byDistribus, which serves the entirety of theSaint-Louis Agglomération.
While no longer served by passenger trains Huningue is the terminus for theSaint-Louis–Huningue railway line, and is continued to be served byfreight trains.[16]
Since March 2007 Huningue has been connected withWeil am Rhein via a 248-metre (814 ft)arch bridge, the longest of its kind for pedestrians and cyclists. Because the bridge connects the two countries, France and Germany, and is near Switzerland it is named the "Three country bridge", orPasserelle des Trois Pays in French.
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hüningen".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 932.
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