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Hungarian Braille

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Braille alphabet of the Hungarian language
Hungarian Braille
Script type
alphabet
Print basis
Hungarian alphabet
LanguagesHungarian
Related scripts
Parent systems
Braille
  • Hungarian Braille
Hungarian language
Hungarian alphabet
Hungarian alphabet
Alphabet
Grammar
History
Other features
Hungarian and English

Thebraille alphabet used to writeHungarian is based on the international norm for the 27 basic letters of theLatin script. However, the letters forq andz have been replaced, to increase the symmetry of the accented letters of theHungarian alphabet, which are largely innovative to Hungarian braille.[1][2]

Alphabet

[edit]

TheHungarian alphabet is:

A Á B C Cs D Dz Dzs E É F G Gy H I Í J K L Ly M N Ny O Ó Ö Ő P (Q) R S Sz T Ty U Ú Ü Ű V (W) (X) (Y) Z Zs

The letters that conform to traditional braille are:

⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)
a
⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)
b
⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)
c
⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)
d
⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
e
⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)
f
⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)
g
⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)
h
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
i
⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)
j
⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)
k
⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
l
⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)
m
⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)
n
⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)
o
⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)
p
⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)
r
⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)
s
⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)
t
⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)
u
⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)
v
⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)
w
⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
x
⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)
y

The accented vowel letters are derived from their base letters through stretching or reflection as follows. The traditional letter forq (which is not part of the basic Hungarian alphabet) has been reassigned toö, and an unused pattern has been assigned toü:

⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)
a
⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
e
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
i
⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)
o
⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)
ö
⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)
u
⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)
ü
⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346)
q
⠘ (braille pattern dots-45)
ä
⠈ (braille pattern dots-4)
á
⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)
é
⠌ (braille pattern dots-34)
í
⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)
ó
⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)
ő
⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)
ú
⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)
ű

This creates the following symmetrical pattern for the umlauted vowels:

⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)
ö
⠻ (braille pattern dots-12456)
ő
⠷ (braille pattern dots-12356)
ü
⠾ (braille pattern dots-23456)
ű

(Ä is not part of the basic Hungarian alphabet.)

The consonant digraphs are derived from their base letters as follows. The traditional letter forz has been replaced, and is used for a parenthesis. As with the accented vowels, the majority of digraphs are created through reflection:

⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)
c
⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)
g
⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
l
⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)
n
⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)
t
⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)
s
⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)
z
⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)
cs
⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)
gy
⠸ (braille pattern dots-456)
ly
⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)
ny
⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)
ty
⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)
sz
⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)
zs
⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)
ccs
⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)
ggy
⠸ (braille pattern dots-456)⠸ (braille pattern dots-456)
lly
⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)
nny
⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)
tty
⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)
ssz
⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)
zzs

This creates the following pattern among thesibilants:

⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)
s
⠱ (braille pattern dots-156)
sz
⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)
z
⠜ (braille pattern dots-345)
zs

Dz and Dzs are treated as D-Z and D-Zs respectively.

Punctuation

[edit]

Unlike English or French Braille, Hungarian Braille has separate opening and closing symbols for both parentheses and quotation marks.

⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)
,
⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)
.
⠆ (braille pattern dots-23)
 ;
⠒ (braille pattern dots-25)
 :
⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)
-
⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠄ (braille pattern dots-3)
'
⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)
 ?
⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)
 !
⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)...⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
„ ... ”
⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)...⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)
( ... )
⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)
/

Mathematics and computer notation

[edit]
⠿ (braille pattern dots-123456)
number sign (#)
⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)
Dollar sign ($)
⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
percent sign (%)
⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346)
ampersant (&)
⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)
plus sign (+)
⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)
asterisk / multiplication sign (*)
⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠂ (braille pattern dots-2)
division sign (/)
⠶ (braille pattern dots-2356)
equality sign (=)
⠘ (braille pattern dots-45)
at sign (@)
⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)
backslash (\)
⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠮ (braille pattern dots-2346)
caret (^)
⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠤ (braille pattern dots-36)
underscore (_)
⠈ (braille pattern dots-4)
`
⠐ (braille pattern dots-5)⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)
tilde / similarity sign (~)
⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)
paragraph sign (§)
⠰ (braille pattern dots-56)⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
euro (€)
⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)
bullet sign (•)
⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠴ (braille pattern dots-356)
degree (°)

Roman Numerals

[edit]

the roman numerals use the capital letters of i, v, x, l, c, m

⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
I
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
II
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
III
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)
IV
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)
V
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
VI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
VII
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
VIII
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
IX
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
X
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
XI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
XX
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
XXI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
XXX
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
XXXI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
XL
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
XLI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)
L
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
LI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)
LX
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
LXI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)
C
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
CI
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)
M
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
MI

Formatting

[edit]
⠼ (braille pattern dots-3456)
(num.)
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
(caps)

References

[edit]
  1. ^Magyar Vakok és Gyengénlátók Országos Szövetsége. See charthere.
  2. ^Samrita TrustArchived 2012-05-11 at theWayback Machine ([1]Archived 2013-10-04 at theWayback Machine)
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