Huangshan 黄山市 | |
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| Coordinates (Huangshan municipal government):29°42′54″N118°20′15″E / 29.7149°N 118.3376°E /29.7149; 118.3376 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Anhui |
| County-level divisions | 7 |
| Township-level divisions | 145 |
| Municipal seat | Tunxi District |
| Government | |
| • CPC Secretary | Wang Qimin (王启敏) |
| • Mayor | Li Hongming (李宏鸣) |
| Area | |
| 9,807.4 km2 (3,786.7 sq mi) | |
| Population | |
| 1,470,000 | |
| • Density | 150/km2 (390/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 410,973 |
| • Metro | 410,973 |
| GDP[1] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 95.7 billion US$ 12.3 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 71,875 US$ 11,141 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (CST) |
| Area code | 0559 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-AH-10 |
| License Plate Prefix | 皖J |
| Website | www |
Huangshan (simplified Chinese:黄山;traditional Chinese:黃山;pinyin:Huángshān) is aprefecture-level city in southernAnhui Province, People's Republic of China. Huangshan meansYellow Mountain in Chinese and the city is named after the famously scenicYellow Mountains which cover much of the city's vast geographic expanse. The prefectural city of Huangshan includes three urban districts and four counties. The urban center of Huangshan was originally the city ofTunxi and is now calledTunxi District. Locals still call the city Tunxi to distinguish the urban core from other parts of Huangshan. The population of Huangshan city, as of the end of 2021, was 1.332 million, with an urbanization rate of 59.25%, an increase of 0.96 percentage points over the previous year. By the end of 2021, the household population of Huangshan City will be 1,485,700, with an urbanization rate of 37.82%, an increase of 1.66 percentage points.
Huangshan occupies the southernmost part of Anhui. It is bordered byChizhou to the northwest,Xuancheng to the northeast,Jiangxi Province to the southwest andZhejiang Province to the southeast. Huangshan's history dates back to the time of theFirst Emperor. The city's current jurisdiction covers much of the historical and cultural region ofHuizhou (徽州), which together withAnqing formed the name of Anhui Province. Huangshan is home to twoUNESCOWorld Heritage Sites,Mount Huangshan andHongcun and Xidi, the ancient villages of Southern Anhui. It is a major tourist destination in China.
Theprefecture-level city of Huangshan administers 7county-level divisions, including 3districts and 4counties.[2][3][4]
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These are further divided into 145township-level divisions, including 58towns, 43townships and 4subdistricts.[4]
Lower elevations of Huangshan City have ahumid subtropical climate (KöppenCfa), with short, cool winters and long, very hot and humid summers. At the centralTunxi District, the monthly mean temperature ranges from 4.4 °C (39.9 °F) in January to 28.1 °C (82.6 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 16.66 °C (62.0 °F). Precipitation is concentrated in spring and the earlier part of summer, and, at 1,739 mm (68.5 in) annually, is very high for the province, and more than double than the normal annual precipitation in northern parts of the province.
| Climate data for Huangshan City (Tunxi District), elevation 143 m (469 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 22.7 (72.9) | 28.3 (82.9) | 35.1 (95.2) | 34.6 (94.3) | 36.6 (97.9) | 37.3 (99.1) | 39.5 (103.1) | 40.1 (104.2) | 39.2 (102.6) | 36.6 (97.9) | 30.5 (86.9) | 22.7 (72.9) | 40.1 (104.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.4 (48.9) | 12.4 (54.3) | 16.8 (62.2) | 23.0 (73.4) | 27.7 (81.9) | 29.7 (85.5) | 33.6 (92.5) | 33.5 (92.3) | 29.7 (85.5) | 24.5 (76.1) | 18.3 (64.9) | 11.9 (53.4) | 22.5 (72.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.7 (40.5) | 7.2 (45.0) | 11.3 (52.3) | 17.2 (63.0) | 22.0 (71.6) | 25.0 (77.0) | 28.3 (82.9) | 27.9 (82.2) | 24.1 (75.4) | 18.5 (65.3) | 12.3 (54.1) | 6.4 (43.5) | 17.1 (62.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.6 (34.9) | 3.7 (38.7) | 7.4 (45.3) | 12.9 (55.2) | 17.7 (63.9) | 21.4 (70.5) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.1 (75.4) | 20.2 (68.4) | 14.2 (57.6) | 8.3 (46.9) | 2.7 (36.9) | 13.2 (55.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −7.6 (18.3) | −6.7 (19.9) | −4.2 (24.4) | 0.8 (33.4) | 8.6 (47.5) | 12.6 (54.7) | 18.1 (64.6) | 17.8 (64.0) | 10.0 (50.0) | 1.8 (35.2) | −3.9 (25.0) | −15.5 (4.1) | −15.5 (4.1) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 92.5 (3.64) | 110.9 (4.37) | 174.7 (6.88) | 207.8 (8.18) | 241.9 (9.52) | 380.6 (14.98) | 221.3 (8.71) | 125.6 (4.94) | 79.4 (3.13) | 53.4 (2.10) | 74.9 (2.95) | 60.9 (2.40) | 1,823.9 (71.8) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 13.4 | 13.0 | 16.4 | 14.9 | 14.6 | 17.0 | 12.5 | 12.3 | 8.9 | 7.3 | 10.0 | 9.7 | 150 |
| Average snowy days | 3.7 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 7.9 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 80 | 79 | 78 | 77 | 77 | 82 | 78 | 78 | 77 | 76 | 80 | 79 | 78 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 92.5 | 93.5 | 110.1 | 132.8 | 153.4 | 125.5 | 202.3 | 196.0 | 167.4 | 159.9 | 123.8 | 118.8 | 1,676 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 29 | 30 | 30 | 34 | 36 | 30 | 47 | 48 | 46 | 45 | 39 | 37 | 38 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[5][6] | |||||||||||||
Huangshan is famous for its tea, includingKeemun tea, which is produced inQimen County, andMaofeng green tea.[7][8] The city is also home to significant tourism, centered onMount Huang and including other scenic and historic sites (such asXidi andHongcun),[7] which it has promoted to international markets in recent years.[9][10]
Due to rugged terrain, Huangshan was historically a secluded region. The Xinan River provided an outlet to the east. Winding, narrow roads through Huang Mountains made trips to Xuancheng, Wuhu, Guichi and the Yangtze River slow and arduous. In recent decades, improvements to the transportation infrastructure have made the city and its surrounding tourist attractions more accessible.
TheHuangshan Tunxi International Airport, also referred to as the Tunxi Airport, is located in Tunxi District and is known by the IATA abbreviationTXN.[11] The airport was opened in October 1959, and has been expanded five times, including an expansion in 2000.[11] The airport offers regular flights to cities across China, as well asSeoul,Hong Kong, andTaipei.[11] The airport also offers chartered flights toIncheon,Nagasaki,Osaka,Fukuoka, and other regional destinations.[11]
Huangshan's main passenger station is nowHuangshan North station, which is accessible via high-speed rail over theHefei–Fuzhou high-speed railway, theHangzhou–Nanchang high-speed railway and theChizhou–Huangshan high-speed railway. Trains run from Huangshan to many cities.
Until 2015, Huangshan City was served by one railway line, theAnhui–Jiangxi Railway.[7] The line, which was completed in 1982 and has stations inJixi County,She County,Tunxi District,Xiuning County, andQimen County. Trains formerly ran from Huangshan Station in Tunxi to Nanjing, Shanghai, Bengbu, Huaibei, Qingdao and Beijing among other cities in the north, and stops in the south includedJingdezhen,Yingtan,Fuzhou,Xiamen,Guangzhou,Shenzhen, andKunming. No long-distance passenger services now run on this route.
Major expressways which pass through Huangshan City include theG56 Hangzhou–Ruili Expressway, theG3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway, andNational Route G205.[7]
The Hefei-Tongling-Huangshan Expressway heads north toTongling on theYangtze River and then toHefei, the provincial capital ofAnhui.[12] The Huangshan-Taling-Taolin Expressway and Anhui Provincial Route S326, also pass through the city.[13]
In the Ming dynasty,Zheng Zhizhen [zh] (鄭之珍; 1518–1595), a native ofQimen County, wrote the operaMulian Rescues His Mother.[14][15] According to local legend, Zheng was blind when he wrote the opera and was restored to full sight by a gratefulGuanyin (the legend also has it that when Zheng later wrote a love story he went blind again).[16]
In 2011, local authorities promoted performance of the Ming dynasty playMulian Rescues His Mother as a tourist attraction.[17]
Huangshan City istwinned with:
Serravalle, San Marino (1999)[18]In early 2008, the BBC broadcast a series of 5 documentaries on life for schoolchildren in China, called "Chinese School". One of the three schools documented wasXiuning High School, the top school in the county. This was situated in the town of Xiuning, in the county of Xiuning in Huangshan.[citation needed]
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