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Hollandic orHollandish (Dutch:Hollands[ˈɦɔlɑnts]ⓘ) is the most widely spoken dialect of theDutch language. Hollandic is among theCentral Dutch dialects. Other importantlanguage varieties of spokenLow Franconian languages areBrabantian,Flemish (East Flemish,West Flemish),Zeelandic,Limburgish andSurinamese Dutch.
Originally in the laterCounty of Holland,Old Frisian or a relatedIngvaeonic dialect was spoken.[1] There is no evidence for the theory that migratingLow Franconian settlers were responsible for the change to Old Dutch in the 12th and 13th centuries.[2] Instead, long-term language contact between Frisian speakers and Frankish speakers before the 12th century could have led to a Hollandic dialect that was partly Low Franconian and partly influenced by Frisian.[1]
In the 16th century, Dutch was standardised, with the Brabantian dialect ofAntwerp being the most influential one, according to many linguists.[citation needed]
During theEighty Years' War, especially after 1585, theSack of Antwerp and the 1580s successes of theDuke of Parma made between 100,000 and 200,000 of Brabantish and Flemish, manyCalvinist, settle in the cities of Holland proper.[citation needed] The refugees caused a mixture of their dialects with those of the people who were already there. The new language replaced most of the original Hollandic dialects with Brabantian influences and further diluted the Frisian influences on Dutch.[citation needed]
That certainly slowed linguistic change by the influence on spoken language of the very conservative written standard. As a result, Standard Dutch has kept many features of late-16th-century Brabantian.[citation needed]
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| Low Saxon dialects |
| West Low Franconian dialects |
| East Low Franconian dialects |
The colloquial Dutch inHolland proper (the area of the old County of Holland), particularly the Hollandic now spoken in some urban areas, is closer toStandard Dutch than anywhere else.
InFriesland, Hollandic is spoken onTerschelling only. In the north ofNorth Holland, especially in the region ofWest Friesland, and in parts ofSouth Holland such asScheveningen,Katwijk and other coastal places, the originalWest Frisiansubstratum of the Hollandic dialect is still an important part of the localWest Frisian dialect group.
InZaanstreek (central North Holland), a traditional region, the old Hollandic dialect,Zaans, is still found but with little West Frisian influence. Some words are similar because of the influence of migrating West Frisian farmers in the 13th to the 15th centuries. Zaans can be seen as one of the few (together with Westfries) and oldest original Hollandic dialects and is still spoken today, like the old Waterlands dialect, which exists as well in Volendam. Both Zaans and Waterlands are unintelligible[citation needed] for someone who does not come from that region in North Holland. However, people who speak Zaans, West Frisian or Waterlands are able to understand one another better than outsiders because all three dialects use similar words.
On theSouth Holland island ofGoeree-Overflakkee,Zeelandic is spoken. In the east and south, the Hollandic dialects gradually become Brabantian respectivelyKleverlandish. Utrechts-Alblasserwaards, spoken in the area immediately east of the coastal districts, is considered to be a subdialect of Hollandic or a separate dialect.
Zuidwest-Limburg andCentraal zuidelijke dialecten as well asTienen[9]
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