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Help:IPA/Irish

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
<Help:IPA
This is thepronunciation key forIPA transcriptions of Irish on Wikipedia.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Irish in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishingconsensus on thetalk page first.
For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Irish

The charts below show the way in which theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) representsIrish-language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, seeTemplate:IPA andWikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

SeeIrish phonology andIrish orthography for a more thorough look at the sounds of Irish and how they are represented in writing, respectively.

Key

[edit]
Consonants[1]
BroadSlender
IPAExampleEnglish approximationIPAExampleEnglish approximation
bˠbain, scuabbootbʲbéal, cnáibbeautiful
d̪ˠdorn, neaddo (but dental),though (Ireland)dʲdearg, cuidmedia
fˠfós, graf,phollfoolfʲfíon, stuif,phríosúnfuel
ɡgasúr, boggooseɟgeata, carraigargue
ɣdhorn,ghasúrSpanish higoj[2][3]dhearg,gheatayellow
h[4]Shasana,shean,thaisce,theanga,hata, nahéischand—
kcáis, maccartcceist, miccube
l̪ˠ[5]labhair, ballafilthl̠ʲ[5]leabhair, goilleadhmillion
lˠ[5]fhlaith, bealachpoollʲ[5]fhleasc, goileleaf
mˠmór, ammootmʲmilis, immute
n̪ˠ[6]naoi, donnatenthn̠ʲ[6]ní, bainneinch
nˠ[6]donanoonnʲ[6]bainisopinion
ŋngasúrlongɲngeataangular
pˠpoll, stoppoorpʲpríosún, truippure
ɾˠbarr, carrrule (buttapped)ɾʲfhréamh, tirimreal (but tapped)
sˠSasana, tús,spealsoonʃsean, cáissheet
t̪ˠtaisce, cearttool (but dental),thorn (Ireland)tʲtír, beirttune (accents withoutyod dropping)
w[7][3]bhain, dubh,mhór, léamh,vótawood orvoodoovʲbhéal, sibh,mhilis, nimh,veidhlínview
xcháis, taoiseachloch (Scotland)çcheist, deich,theann,theocht,thiúilip,thiocfadh,thiubhhue (pronounced strongly)
Vowels
IPAExamplesEnglish approximationIPAExamplesEnglish approximation
amactrapaːtáfather
ɛceistbesteːmé, gaelpay
ɪith, duinekitiːmín, naoimean
ɔolc, deochoffoːbó, ceolcore
ʊdubh, fliuchgooduːtúcool
əsolas, milissofa—
Diphthongs
IPAExamplesEnglish

Approximation

iə[8]biaidea
uə[8]fuartruant
əi[8]saghaslight
əu[8]leabharabout
Suprasegmentals
IPAExplanation
ˈprimary stress (placed before the stressed syllable);
usually the first syllable except inMunster
ˌsecondary stress (usually found only incompounds)

Comparison of transcription schemes

[edit]

Materials published elsewhere use somewhat different conventions from those used at Wikipedia. For example, it is a longstanding tradition to leave velarized ("broad") consonants unmarked and mark palatalized ("slender") consonants with theprime, but that is not standard IPA usage.

This section compares the IPA system used at Wikipedia (which is based on that used by Ailbhe Ní Chasaide in her description of Irish in theHandbook of the International Phonetic Association,ISBN 0-521-63751-1) with the systems used in some other works.

IPANí Chasaide (1999)[9]
(Gweedore)		Quiggin (1906)[10]
(Glenties)		Breatnach (1947)[11]
(Ring)		Ó Sé (2000)[12]
(Dingle Peninsula)		Mhac an Fhailigh (1968)[13]
(Erris)		Ó Siadhail (1988)[14]
(Cois Fharraige)		Foclóir Póca (1993)[15]
(Lárchanúint)
aaæ, αaaaæ:, a:a
aːæα:a:ɑːa:ɑ:a:
bˠbˠbbbbbb
bʲbʲb′b′b′b′b′b′
cck′k′k′k′k′k′
ççççx′çx′x′
d̪ˠd̪ˠdddddd
dʲd̠ʲd′d′d′d′d′d′
eːee:e:eːe:e:e:
ɛɛɛ, eeeeee
əəəəə, ɪəəə
əi—αiəiaiəiaiai
əuauαuəuouəuauau
fˠfˠffffff
fʲfʲf′f′f′f′f′f′
ɡɡggɡggg
ɣɣℊγɣɣɣγ
hhhh, h′hhhh
iːii:i:iːi:i:i:
ɪɪï, i, yiiiii
iəiaiəiəiːəiəi:əiə
jjjjɣ′jɣ′γ′
ɟɟg′g′ɡ′g′g′g′
kkkkkkkk
l̪ˠl̪ˠLllLLl
lˠll
l̠ʲl̠ʲL′l′l′L′L′l′
lʲll′l′l′
mˠmˠmmmmmm
mʲmʲm′m′m′m′m′m′
n̪ˠn̪ˠNnnNNn
nˠnnn
n̠ʲn̠ʲN′n′n′N′N′n′
nʲn′n′n′
ɲɲɲŋ′ŋ′ŋ′ŋ′ŋ′
ŋŋŋŋŋŋŋŋ
oːoo:, ɔ:o:oːo:o:o:
ɔʌɔ, o̤ooooo
pˠpˠpppppp
pʲpʲp′p′p′p′p′p′
ɾˠɾˠr, Rrrrrr
ɾʲɾʲr′r′r′r′r′r′
sˠsˠssssss
ʃɕʃʃʃʃs′s′
t̪ˠt̪ˠtttttt
tʲt̠ʲt′t′t′t′t′t′
uːuu:u:uːu:u:u:
ʊɤUuuuuu
uəuauəuəuːəuəu:əuə
vʲvʲvv′v′v′w′v′
wwwvvwwv
xxχxxxxx

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Irish makes contrasts betweenvelarized ("broad") andpalatalized ("slender") consonants. Velarized consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript⟨ˠ⟩ (that is not a capital Y but a Latin letter, based on a Greek lowercasegamma,⟨γ⟩), are pronounced with the back of thetongue raised toward thevelum, which happens to the/l/ in Englishpill in some accents likeRP andGeneral American but notHiberno-English. InIrish orthography, broad consonants are surrounded by⟨a⟩,⟨o⟩, and⟨u⟩. Slender consonants, denoted in the IPA by a superscript⟨ʲ⟩, are pronounced with the body of the tongue raised toward thehard palate like the articulation of the[j] sound inyes/jɛs/. In Irish orthography, slender consonants are surrounded by⟨e⟩ and⟨i⟩.
  2. ^Also[ʝ] in some positions in some dialects. In Munster word final/j/ isfortified to[ɟ], merging with/ɟ/.
  3. ^abWord final/əj/ (⟨(a)idh, (a)igh⟩) and/əw/ (⟨(e)abh, (e)amh⟩ or⟨bh, mh⟩ after an epenthetic schwa) have merged with/ə/ in South Connacht. In North Connacht and Ulster they merge with/iː/ and/uː/, respectively. In Munster, the former is realised as[əɟ] and the latter as[əvˠ].
  4. ^/h/ is both broad and slender.
  5. ^abcdFew, if any, modern dialects of Irish distinguish all four types of L sound. Most dialects have merged/l̪ˠ/ and/lˠ/ as[l̪ˠ], and some have also merged/l̠ʲ/ and/lʲ/ as[lʲ]. Still others have merged/lˠ/ and/lʲ/ as[l].
  6. ^abcdFew, if any, modern dialects of Irish distinguish all four types of N sound. Most dialects have merged/n̪ˠ/ and/nˠ/ as[n̪ˠ], and some have also merged/n̠ʲ/ and/nʲ/ as[nʲ]. Still others have merged/nˠ/ and/nʲ/ as[n]. In parts ofMunster,/n̠ʲ/ has merged with/ɲ/ in non-initial position.
  7. ^[w~βˠ~vˠ] depending on dialect and position.
  8. ^abcdAll Irish diphthongs havefalling sonority; they could therefore more precisely be transliterated as[iə̯,uə̯,əi̯,əu̯].
  9. ^Ní Chasaide, Ailbhe (1999)."Irish"(PDF).Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 111–116.ISBN 0-521-63751-1.
  10. ^Quiggin, E. C. (1906).A Dialect of Donegal: Being the Speech of Meenawannia in the Parish of Glenties . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  11. ^Breatnach, Risteard B. (1947).The Irish of Ring, Co. Waterford. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.ISBN 0-901282-50-2.
  12. ^Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000).Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne (in Irish). Dublin: Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann.ISBN 0-946452-97-0.
  13. ^Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn (1968).The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.ISBN 0-901282-02-2.
  14. ^Ó Siadhail, Mícheál (1988).Learning Irish: An Introductory Self-tutor. New Haven: Yale University Press.ISBN 0-300-04224-8.
  15. ^Foclóir póca: English-Irish/Irish-English dictionary. Dublin: An Gúm. 1993.ISBN 1-85791-047-8.

External links

[edit]
Comparisons
Introductory guides
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