Hayward was originally known as "Hayward's", then as "Haywood", later as "Haywards", and eventually as "Hayward". There is some disagreement as to how it was named. Most historians believe it was named forWilliam Dutton Hayward (1815–1891), who opened a hotel there in 1852.[14] William Hayward eventually became the road commissioner forAlameda County. He used his authority to influence the construction of roads in his own favor. He was also an Alameda County supervisor. TheUnited States Geological Survey'sGeographic Names Information System states the city was named afterAlvinza Hayward, a millionaire from theCalifornia Gold Rush.[15][16] Regardless of which Hayward the area was named for, the name was changed to "Haywood" when the post office was first established in 1860.[17]
In 1876, a town was chartered by the State of California under the name of "Haywards". The name of the post office was then able to change because of the loss of the apostrophe before the "s". This change occurred in 1880.[17] In 1911, the town was officially renamed Hayward, dropping the "s".[18][19] However, theUnited States Board on Geographic Names would not recognize this name change until 1931.[20]
Human habitation of the greater East Bay, including Hayward, dates from at least4000 BC. The most recent pre-European inhabitants of the Hayward area were the Native AmericanOhlone people.[21]
In the 19th century, the land that is now Hayward became part ofRancho San Lorenzo, aSpanish land grant toGuillermo Castro, in 1841. The site of his home was on the formerEl Camino Viejo, or Castro Street (nowMission Boulevard) between C and D Streets, but the structure was severely damaged in the1868 Hayward earthquake, with theHayward Fault running directly under its location. Most of the city's structures were destroyed in the earthquake, the last major earthquake on the fault. In 1930, that site was chosen for the construction of theCity Hall, which served the city until 1969.[22] A post office opened in 1860, followed by the town's incorporation in 1876.[17]
Hayward grew steadily throughout the late 19th century, with an economy based on agriculture and tourism. Important crops were tomatoes, potatoes, peaches, cherries, and apricots.Hunt Brothers Cannery opened in 1895. Chicken andpigeon raising also played important roles in the economy. Arail line betweenOakland andSan Jose, theSouth Pacific Coast Railroad, was established but later destroyed in the1868 earthquake.[24] The Hayward shore of the Bay was developed into extensive salt evaporation ponds, and was one of the most productive areas in the world, withLeslie Salt being one of the largest companies.[25]
During the 1930s, the Harry Rowell Rodeo Ranch, now within the bounds ofCastro Valley, drewrodeo cowboys from across the continent, andWestern movie actors such asSlim Pickens and others from Hollywood.[27][28]
The second San Mateo–Hayward Bridge opened in 1967. TheCity Center Building opened in 1969 and acted as the new city hall until 1989 when theLoma Prieta earthquake damaged the building and forced the city government to move out. The building was closed to the public in 1998, with the newHayward City Hall opening the same year.Bay Area Rapid Transit began operating in the Bay Area in 1972, with stations indowntown Hayward andsouth Hayward.
The city's downtown area was slated for redevelopment in 2012 and 2013, withlandscaping, new businesses opening up, and older ones getting façade upgrades.[31]
In May 2015, the city's former shoreline landfill was declared a site for conversion to asolar farm, set to generate enough electricity to power 1,200 homes. It will be one of 186 sites in theRegional Renewable Energy Procurement Project.[32]
In October 2015, construction began for the Hayward 21st Century Library and Heritage Plaza. The library opened in September 2019, and the plaza was originally expected to open sometime in 2019.[33][34]
TheHayward Fault Zone runs through much of Hayward, including the downtown area. TheUnited States Geological Survey has stated that there is an "increasing likelihood" of amajor earthquake on this fault zone, with potentially serious resulting damage.[38] Hayward's historic city hall lies atop the fault line and was closed due to damage from gradual seismic activity. A streetcurb in Hayward that ran perpendicular to the fault was used for over 40 years by local geologists to record the movement of the plates; it had drifted 8 inches (20 cm) out of alignment by the time it was inadvertently removed by the city government in 2016.[39][40]
Hayward city, California – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
The Census reported that 141,462 people (98.1% of the population) lived in households, 1,954 (1.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 770 (0.5%) were institutionalized.[53]
There were 45,365 households, out of which 18,284 (40.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 21,720 (47.9%) wereopposite-sex married couples living together, 7,495 (16.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 3,344 (7.4%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 3,037 (6.7%)unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 421 (0.9%)same-sex married couples or partnerships. 9,359 households (20.6%) were made up of individuals, and 3,193 (7.0%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.12 persons. There were 32,559families (71.8% of all households); the average family size was 3.60 persons.[54]
The city's age demographics were 35,379 people (24.5%) under the age of 18, 16,064 people (11.1%) aged 18 to 24, 44,005 people (30.5%) aged 25 to 44, 34,096 people (23.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 14,642 people (10.2%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.7 males.[55]
There were 48,296 housing units at an average density of 757.6 units per square mile (292.5 units/km2), of which 45,365 were occupied, of which 23,935 (52.8%) were owner-occupied, and 21,430 (47.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.6%. About 75,039 people (52.0% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 66,423 people (46.1%) lived in rental housing units.[53]
The2000 Census reported there were 140,030 people, 44,804 households, and 31,945 families in the city.[56] The population density was 1,219.6/km2 (3,159/sq mi). There were 45,922 housing units at an average density of 400.0 units/km2 (1,036 units/sq mi). The racial and ethnic makeup of the city was 42.95% White, 10.98% Black or African American, 0.84% Native American, 18.98% Asian, 1.91% Pacific Islander, 16.81% from other races, and 7.52% from two or more races. 34.17% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 44,804 households, out of which 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.3% were married couples living together, 14.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 20.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.08 and the average family size was 3.58.
The population profiled by age was 26.8% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 33.4% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $51,177, and the median income for a family was $54,712. Males had a median income of $37,711 versus $31,481 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,695. 10.0% of the population and 7.2% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 11.7% of those under the age of 18 and 7.2% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
The city received an "AA", and an "AA+" rating for its general obligations, from theFitch Group in 2012.[62]
In July 2012, Hayward began working on an updated 25-yearGeneral Plan, which was adopted on July 1, 2014.[63] The city last updated their General Plan in 2002.
Hayward has a large number of manufacturing companies, both corporate headquarters and plants. This includes somehigh-tech companies, with Hayward considered part of a northern extension ofSilicon Valley.[66] Manufacturing plants in Hayward includeAnnabelle Candy,[67]Columbus Salame,[68] theShasta soft drink company, and aPepsiCo production and distribution center.[69]
The economy of Hayward in the first half of the twentieth century was based largely on theHunt Brothers Cannery. The cannery was opened in Hayward in 1895 by brothers William and Joseph Hunt, who were fruit packers originally fromSebastopol, California.[70] The Hunts initially packed local fruit, including cherries, peaches, and apricots, then added tomatoes, which became the mainstay of their business. At its height in the 1960s and 1970s, Hunt's operated three canneries in Hayward, at A, B, and C Streets; an adjacent can-making company; a pickling factory; and a glass manufacturing plant. From the 1890s until its closure in 1981, Hunt's employed a large percentage of the local population. The air around Hayward was permeated by the smell of tomatoes for three months of each year, during the canning season. The canneries closed in 1981, as there were no longer enough produce fields or fruit orchards near the cannery to make it economically viable. Much of the production was moved to theSacramento Valley. The location of the former canneries is marked by a historic water tower with the Hayward logo.[71] A housing development now occupies much of the former cannery site.[72]
Much of the Bay coastal territory of Hayward was turned into salt ponds, withOliver Salt andLeslie Salt operating there.[74][75] Much of this land has in recent years been returned tosalt marshes. A 1983 image of the ponds appears on a 2012 U.S. postage stamp.[76] TheMervyns department store chain was headquartered in Hayward until it declared bankruptcy in 2008.
Hayward is served byInterstate 880 (also known as theNimitz Freeway), Interstate 580 with a major intersection near downtown connecting State Route 238 and Interstate 238,State Route 92 (Jackson Street) andState Route 238 (Mission Boulevard/Foothill Boulevard). State Route 92 continues west as the San Mateo–Hayward Bridge. The intersection of 880 and 92 was reconstructed over a four-year period, with completion of the project in October 2011.[78][79] Mission Boulevard has been long known for chronic traffic congestion. Past proposals to convert Mission Boulevard to a freeway or build a 238 bypass have been controversial. One proposal, to build a freeway parallel to Mission Boulevard, extending a freeway south from 580 where it turns east towards Castro Valley, and connecting to Industrial Boulevard, had land purchased, but was cancelled in 2004 after years of debate.[80] The land is now scheduled for sale and zoning.[81]
Mission, Jackson, and Foothill all converge at one congested intersection south of downtown, known historically as "Five Flags" for a line of flagpoles located there. To alleviate congestion in the downtown area, the city has converted the A Street, Mission and Foothill triangle to one-way thoroughfares (counterclockwise), and is adding road improvements, landscaping, and telephone/cableundergrounding to Mission Boulevard south to Industrial Boulevard, and to Foothill Boulevard north to 580.[82] The plan, known as the Route 238 Corridor Improvement Project, broke ground July 2010, completed rerouting in 2013, and was completed in 2013.[83][84][85]
Hayward maintains the Hayward Fire Department (with ninestations)[89] and the Hayward Police Department. Hayward has its own water and wastewater systems, but a small northern portion of the city's water is managed by theEast Bay Municipal Utility District.[90] TheHayward Public Library opened at the intersection of C Street and Mission Boulevard in 1951. In 2013, plans were under development to construct a $60 million library across the street from the existing building, with funding uncertain.[91] Construction of the library began in 2016.[92]
Hayward has one hospital withemergency departments,St. Rose Hospital,[93] which was at risk of closure as of 2012.[94] AKaiser Permanente Medical Center closed in 2014, replaced by aSan Leandro hospital.[95][96][97] Horizon Services, which administers substance abuse recovery programs in Hayward and other locations in theBay Area, operates out of Hayward, as does the Family Emergency Shelter Coalition. The Hayward Fire Department opened the Firehouse Clinic in November 2015, the first combined fire station/medical center in California.[98]
The city created the Hayward Public Art Program in 2008, to create murals to beautify the city and combatgraffiti, and has commissioned numerous murals throughout the city.[103][104] The program won aLeague of California Cities Helen Putnam Award of Excellence in 2011.[105]
Hayward Public Art Program mural detail (Jean Bidwell, artist)
Hayward has been aTree City USA since 1986.[106] Hayward declared itself anuclear-free zone, a largely symbolic act, in 1987.[107] The city is the setting for theHayward Gay Prom, one of the earliest and longest-runninggay proms in the United States. The city introduced road signs in 2015 encouraging better behavior while walking or driving, using phrases like "It's a speed limit, not a suggestion".[108][109]
The slang term "Hella", which has spread globally, is said to have its roots in Hayward, tracing back to the 1970s.[110][111]
The new Hayward Library, officially known as the 21st Century Library and Community Learning Center, began construction following a groundbreaking ceremony on October 3, 2015.[112] The library opened to the public on September 14, 2019. This project was part of a broader initiative to create a new, modern community space while adhering to environmentally sustainable building practices, making it a net-zero energy facility
Many of Hayward's cultural landmarks and points of interest are in its downtown area. Three city hall buildings have been built:Hayward City Hall; theCity Center Building, an abandoned 11-story building and Hayward's second city hall; and the first city hall atAlex Giualini Plaza, whose architectural motifs form the current city logo.
Other downtown features include theHayward Area Historical Society museum, which relocated and reopened in June 2014;Buffalo Bill's Brewery, one of the firstbrewpubs in California; Cinema Place, one Hayward's two movie theatre, with associated murals and an art gallery.[113] Many of the Hayward Public Art Program murals are located downtown.
Life Chiropractic College is also situated in Hayward. Founded as Pacific States Chiropractic College in 1976, it is best known for its Doctor ofChiropractic program.
The majority of Hayward is served by theHayward Unified School District (HUSD),[125] which operates three high schools,Mount Eden,Tennyson, andHayward High, all three HUSD high schools in 2018 got new football fields along with new performing arts center and other new classroom wings are planned.
The East Bay Echo, which publishes regularly online and prints a monthly newspaper, offers local coverage.[132] Twonewspapers of general circulation cover Hayward. From 1944 to 2016, Hayward ran a daily newspaper, theDaily Review, published most recently byBay Area News Group. TheTri-City Voice newspaper, based inFremont and published twice weekly, covers Hayward as well as the Tri-City area of Fremont, Newark, and Union City. It was founded in 2002.[133] TheEast Bay Express weekly newspaper, founded in 1978, covers Hayward as part of its East Bay coverage.Local television stations, andAM and FM radio fromOakland and San Francisco reach Hayward, as do some stations fromSan Jose,Sacramento, andSalinas. The city's cable TV carrier isComcast. California State University, East Bay's student-run newspaper,The Pioneer, has covered the East Bay since 1961. Chabot College's student radio station,KCRH, operates mostly within city limits.
Flags, atroundabout, near Mission Hills Golf Course
^Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
^abcdeDurham, David L. (1998).California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State. Clovis, California: Word Dancer Press. p. 641.ISBN1-884995-14-4.
^Boehm, Evelyn (1975). Randall, Florence Carr (ed.).Hayward ... the First 100 Years. Hayward Centennials Committee. p. 9 – via Google Books.
^Site design and illustration by www.darriendesign.com (June 4, 1932)."Encyclopedia of San Francisco".Sfhistoryencyclopedia.com. Archived fromthe original on November 2, 2011. RetrievedNovember 13, 2011.
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