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TheHawk of Quraish (Arabic:صقرُ قُريْشٍ,romanized: ṣāqr Quraysh) is a symbol which is found on a number of emblems,coats of arms and flags of several states of theArab world. The traditions andrecorded history about theQuraysh and ProphetMuhammad claim a falcon had been used as clan symbol. Therefore, several variants of theQuraishi hawk were and are seen in the flags, coat of arms, seals and emblems of several Arab states until today. In that meaning, the Hawk of Quraish is a rival to theEagle of Saladin.[1][2]
Abd ar-Rahman I, the firstUmayyadEmir of Córdoba, was known asthe Hawk of Quraish (Saqr Quraish). According to medieval chroniclers, this was anappelation given to him by theAbbasid Caliphal-Mansur, one of his greatest rivals. TheAbbasids andUmayyads were both tribes of theQuraysh clan, and Abd ar-Rahman had fledDamascus after the bloody and violentAbbasid Revolution, so for the Abbasid Caliph to give this appelation to the last surviving Umayyad heir was a sign of great respect.
Hawk and falcon symbols are also common in theGulf Arab countries. Many of theArabs of theArabian Peninsula, today especially those from the Arab side of thePersian Gulf coast, are traditionallyfalconry experts;falcons (andhawks) are seen as status symbols and are a common domesticated animal among ethnic Arabs.
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